Emerging nanotherapeutics for HPV-associated cancers: current advances, challenges, and future directions.

Human Papillomavirus or HPV are viruses belonging to the family Papillomaviridae, these have double-stranded circular DNA. HPV is among the most common sexually transmitted infections which affect over 50% of the adult population. It is also responsible for approximately 5% of total cancer cases.

Epigenetic insights into prostate cancer: exploring histone modifications and their therapeutic implications.

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies globally. This cancerous condition originates within the prostate gland, an integral part of the male reproductive system. The molecular mechanism underlying cancer is among the key areas of research in the scientific community.

Role of emodin to prevent gastrointestinal cancers: recent trends and future prospective.

Gastrointestinal malignancies are responsible for approximately 35% of all cancer-related deaths, underscoring the critical need to explore pharmacologically active molecules for chemoprevention. Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), a natural compound derived from traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, has recently garnered significant attention for its potential anticancer properties. Emodin exerts its chemoprotective effects through a combination of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative mechanisms.

Deciphering the anticancer potential of thymoquinone: in-depth exploration of the potent flavonoid from Nigella sativa.

Since its first written description around 3000 BC until the present day, cancer has stood as a leading global cause of death, claiming the lives of 1 in 6 individuals. Due to its widespread impact and lethality, it remains one of the most explored yet most challenging disease for the global scientific community. Throughout history, various plant extracts have been used in treating numerous diseases, including cancer.

The heat of the battle: inflammation's role in prostate cancer development and inflammation-targeted therapies.

In prostate cancer (PC), chronic inflammation silently guides disease progression, playing a significant role. As a major global health concern, PC contributes to high mortality rates and rising new cases worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for research into the molecular mechanisms behind this disease. Notably, the persistence of inflammation actively promotes cancer development, including in PC.

Mechanistic Insight of Pharmacological Aspects of Violacein: Recent Trends and Advancements.

Since its discovery in the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, violacein-a striking purple pigment-has garnered significant interest due to its promising applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Violacein exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects, yet its complete molecular mechanisms are still being elucidated. Its mechanisms of action likely involve complex interactions with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and specific molecular targets.

Silymarin: a promising modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in cancer.

Cancer, one of the deadliest diseases, has remained the epicenter of biological research for more than seven decades. Yet all the efforts for a perfect therapeutic cure come with certain limitations. The use of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals as therapeutics has received much attention in recent years.

Baicalein, a natural flavonoid in gastrointestinal cancers treatment: recent trends and future perspectives.

Gastrointestinal cancer is a malignant condition of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) which affect multi-organs of digestive system, such as esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Gastrointestinal cancer is a 5th most common malignant cancer and 4th major cause in cancer-related mortality rate. Various significant facilities are available that have reduced the radio-resistance, chemo-resistance, and their adverse side effects.

Vaccine-based therapeutic interventions in lung cancer management: A recent perspective.

The incidence of lung cancer continues to grow globally, contributing to an ever-increasing load on healthcare systems. Emerging evidence has indicated lowered efficacy of conventional treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy, surgical interventions and radiotherapy, prompting the need for exploring alternative interventions. A growing focus on immunotherapy and the development of personalized medicine has paved the way for vaccine-based delivery in lung cancer.

Advancements and recent explorations of anti-cancer activity of chrysin: from molecular targets to therapeutic perspective.

In recent times, there have been notable advancements in comprehending the potential anti-cancer effects of chrysin (CH), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found abundantly in various plant sources like honey, propolis, and certain fruits and vegetables. This active compound has garnered significant attention due to its promising therapeutic qualities and minimal toxicity. CH's ability to combat cancer arises from its multifaceted mechanisms of action, including the initiation of apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell cycle progression.

Ononin: A comprehensive review of anticancer potential of natural isoflavone glycoside.

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, with more than 10 million deaths annually. Despite tremendous advances in the health sciences, cancer continues to be a substantial global contributor to mortality. The current treatment methods demand a paradigm shift that not only improves therapeutic efficacy but also minimizes the side effects of conventional medications.

Melittin: a possible regulator of cancer proliferation in preclinical cell culture and animal models.

Background: Melittin is a water-soluble cationic peptide derived from bee venom that has been thoroughly studied for the cure of different cancers. However, the unwanted interactions of melittin produce hemolytic and cytotoxic effects that hinder their therapeutic applications. To overcome the shortcomings, numerous research groups have adopted different approaches, including conjugation with tumor-targeting proteins, gene therapy, and encapsulation in nanoparticles, to reduce the non-specific cytotoxic effects and potentiate their anti-cancerous activity.

Preparation of a Pt(II)-3-Hydroxy-2-tolyl-4-chromen-4-one Complex Having Antimicrobial, Anticancerous, and Radical Scavenging Activities with Related Computational Studies.

A novel benzopyran-based platinum (II)-3-hydroxy-2-tolyl-4-chromen-4-one (HToC) complex has been prepared and studied by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The study is based on the colored complexation between Pt(II) and HToC in the pH range of 8.92-9.

Temozolomide and flavonoids against glioma: from absorption and metabolism to exosomal delivery.

Patients with glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma are treated with temozolomide. Although it has been demonstrated that temozolomide increases GBM patient survival, it has also been connected to negative immune-related adverse effects. Numerous research investigations have shown that flavonoids have strong antioxidant and chemo-preventive effects.

Apoptotic and antimetastatic effect of cucurbitacins in cancer: recent trends and advancement.

The Cucurbitaceae family produces a class of secondary metabolites known as cucurbitacins. The eight cucurbitacin subunits are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R with the most significant anticancer activity. They are reported to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; induce apoptosis; and encourage cell cycle arrest, as some of their modes of action.

Role of Hedgehog and Hippo signaling pathways in cancer: A special focus on non-coding RNAs.

Despite advanced clinical and translational oncology research, mortality rates are still increasing worldwide. Recently, a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been well investigated in regulating biological, molecular, and cellular signaling pathways. This review article provided the current research progress on how miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs regulate Hedgehog (Hh) and Hippo signaling pathways in various cancers.

Ferulic Acid: A Natural Phenol That Inhibits Neoplastic Events through Modulation of Oncogenic Signaling.

Despite the immense therapeutic advances in the field of health sciences, cancer is still to be found among the global leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Ethnomedicinally, natural bioactive compounds isolated from various plant sources have been used for the treatment of several cancer types and have gained notable attention. Ferulic acid, a natural compound derived from various seeds, nuts, leaves, and fruits, exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects in cancer, including its proapoptotic, cell-cycle-arresting, anti-metastatic, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Luteolin, a Potent Anticancer Compound: From Chemistry to Cellular Interactions and Synergetic Perspectives.

Increasing rates of cancer incidence and the toxicity concerns of existing chemotherapeutic agents have intensified the research to explore more alternative routes to combat tumor. Luteolin, a flavone found in numerous fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has exhibited a number of biological activities, such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Luteolin inhibits tumor growth by targeting cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis and migration.

Secretory Phospholipase A (sPLA) Isozymes as Potential Targets in Tobacco Condensate- induced Colon Damage.

Aims: To find out the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA) isozymes as potential targets in tobacco condensate-induced colon damage.

Background: The effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA) and its isozymes in colon cells, which are still unclear and emerging, are studied.

Objectives: The study aimed to check the effect of CSC on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide.

The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Epigenetics and Inflammasome.

The gut microbiota that comprises over 100 trillion microorganisms with a weight of about 1-2 kg is regarded as one of the most crucial players in the regulation of the metabolic health of host organisms. In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood, has been exponentially increasing due to obesity and other lifestyle risk factors. It was shown that dysbiosis, change in the overall composition, and diversity of gut microflora can result in T2DM.