Huaier overcomes tumor-induced immunosuppression in colorectal cancer by activating MHC I and CD8+ T cells.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, primarily due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment that facilitates immune evasion and resistance to therapy. Although the traditional Chinese medicine Trametes robiniophila Murr (Huaier) has been shown to exert anti-tumor effects, its immunomodulatory potential in CRC and mechanistic interaction with immune checkpoints have not been investigated.

Results: Treatment with Huaier significantly improved overall survival in CRC patients (HR=0.

Correction: Exploring the mechanisms of tetrahydrocurcumin in ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on network pharmacology and gut microbiota analysis and .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.

Prognostic and therapeutic implications related to glycosylation profiles of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer: insights from single-cell and bulk transcriptomics.

Glycosylation, a common post-translational modification of proteins, plays a role in numerous biological processes. However, the role of glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we identified that CAFs exhibited the highest glycosylation levels in CRC.

Large Language Models for Adverse Drug Events: A Clinical Perspective.

Adverse drug events (ADEs) significantly impact patient safety and health outcomes. Manual ADE detection from clinical narratives is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), including transformer-based architectures such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) series, offer promising methods for automating ADE extraction from clinical data.

Does enactment truly boost action memory? Investigating action memory through dynamic action videos.

The significance of acquiring motor skills for daily activities and professional tasks is universally acknowledged. Two experiments were conducted to explore the impact of Self-Performed Task (SPT) and Experimenter-Performed Task (EPT) during both encoding and retrieval on the memory of dynamic sequential actions presented in videos. The first experiment, involving 48 participants, determined that SPT-encoding was more effective than EPT-encoding.

Nicotine Reprograms Aging-Related Metabolism and Protects Against Motor Decline in Mice.

The effects of nicotine on aging-related motor and cognitive decline remain controversial due to limited empirical evidence. Here, mice are permitted to orally consume nicotine over a 22-month period and observed attenuated motor decline without pathological alterations in major metabolism-related peripheral organs or immune system dysfunction. Multi-organ metabolomic profiling and network analysis of aged mice (24 months old) identified nicotine-responsive pathways related to glycolipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.

Ferroptosis-disulfidptosis-related CHMP6 is a clinico-immune target in colorectal cancer.

Background: Ferroptosis and disulfidptosis are newly discovered forms of regulated cell death that play critical roles in cancer progression, metabolism, and immune evasion. However, their interplay and combined influence on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remain insufficiently understood.

Methods: We developed a ferroptosis-disulfidptosis-related gene (FDRG) score using machine-learning algorithms to analyze gene modifications associated with these pathways in CRC, utilizing data from the TCGA and GEO databases.

Effort Expenditure Reduces Prosocial Decision-Making: Computational Principles and Neural Mechanisms.

Charitable giving is a costly prosocial act in which individuals donate money or other resources to benefit others. Although the relationship between effort and prosocial behavior has been explored, how effort expenditure affects subsequent prosocial decisions and the underlying neurocognitive processes remains poorly understood. We conducted two experiments to address this, using cognitive modeling of behavioral responses in Experiment 1 and electrophysiological recordings in Experiment 2.

Impact of agricultural export duration on new market entry: evidence from China.

Background: Export duration is crucial for accumulating experience and facilitating learning. Using HS 6-digit data on Chinese agricultural exports, this paper integrates export duration and new market entry into a unified framework to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of agricultural export duration on entry into new markets.

Results: The results suggested that export duration has an inverted U-shaped impact on new market entry.

The Influence of Reward Anticipation on Episodic Memory Among 6- to 9-Year-Old Children: An ERP Study.

Research examining the effects of reward anticipation on episodic memory has primarily focused on adults. It is unclear how reward affects episodic memory among early school-aged children. Therefore, this study employed a study-recognition paradigm with reward and no-reward cues to investigate the influence of reward anticipation on episodic memory in children aged 6-9 years (n = 31), and recorded EEG to reveal the underlying neural mechanisms.

Exploring the mechanisms of tetrahydrocurcumin in ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on network pharmacology and gut microbiota analysis and .

Background: The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing every year, and there are very few approved therapeutic agents globally, making the search for potentially targeted therapeutic agents important.

Aims: To investigate the anti-NASH effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and to further study the biological mechanism of THC anti-NASH from the perspective of intestinal flora.

Methods: Seven-week-old female male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two batches of six groups: (1) control group, (2) model group, (3) positive control group, (4) THC low-dose group, (5) THC medium-dose group, and (6) THC high-dose group.

CRISPR-based Shuttle Cloning: A High-throughput Cloning Method.

The development of genome-wide plasmid libraries using existing genomic repositories serves as a pivotal prerequisite for systematic functional characterization of genes across diverse biological processes. Current high-throughput methodologies for inter-vector DNA fragment transfer, however, necessitate PCR amplification of target sequences prior to cloning, rendering the generation of genome-scale plasmid collections technically demanding and time-intensive. By leveraging a CRISPRshuttle cassette, we developed a new high-throughput cloning method, CRISPR-based shuttle cloning (CRISPRshuttle cloning), which facilitates the transfer of many DNA fragments from donor plasmids sharing identical backbone sequences to a CRISPRshuttle-compatible vector without PCR amplification of the DNA fragments.

Validation of Experimental Cooling Performance of Multi-Stage Thin-Film Thermoelectric Devices via Numerical Simulation.

In-plane thermoelectric thin-film cooling devices are considered a promising solution for thermal management in electronic systems. However, the actual cooling performance is far below that of regular bulk cooling devices, making the design of thin-film devices much more difficult. In this work, a numerical analysis of the cooling performance of single-leg thin-film devices and multi-stage cascaded thin-film devices was conducted to understand the depressed cooling performance.

Exploring the effects of audiovisual incongruence on working memory performance in the combined 2-back+ Go/NoGo paradigm.

Introduction: The human brain processes 83% of information visually and 11% auditorily, with visual perception dominating multisensory integration. While audiovisual congruence enhances cognitive performance, the impact of audiovisual incongruence on working memory (WM) remains controversial. This study investigated how audiovisual incongruence affects WM performance under varying cognitive loads.

Anatomy of the Macular Ganglion Cell Layer Plexus on Projection-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the central macular ganglion cell layer plexus (GCLP) boundaries using projection-resolved optical coherence tomographic angiography (PR-OCTA) in healthy eyes.

Methods: Participants were scanned using a commercial OCTA system (Avanti; Optovue/Visionix Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) in a 6 × 6-mm area centered on foveal fixation.

The Spatial Proximity of CD8 FoxP3PD-1 Cells to Tumor Cells: A More Accurate Predictor of Immunotherapy Outcomes in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: To optimize precision immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, comprehensive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterization is crucial for efficacy prediction.

Methods: Pretreatment tumor samples from 46 advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were analyzed. The subregional abundance and spatial proximity scores of TIME cell subpopulations in 27 samples were assessed via multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) targeting pan-CK, CD163, CD8, FoxP3, PD-1, and PD-L1.

Discovery of Orally Potent Small-Molecule CD73 Inhibitor for Cancer Immunotherapy.

CD73, an emerging immune checkpoint, plays a pivotal role in the adenosine (ADO) metabolic pathway by catalyzing the conversion of AMP to ADO. This process has been shown to inhibit the functions of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, thereby exacerbating the immunosuppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment. These findings underscore the critical role of CD73 in modulating immune cell function and represent a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Ordered Architectonics of Magnetic Units Triggering Excellent Electrothermal Conversion Performance of Thick Films.

The low electrical transport performance of flexible thermoelectric (TE) films is the bottleneck that restricts the development of in-plane heat dissipation technology based on the Peltier effect. The architectonics of magnetic units in TE materials have been proven to be an effective method to improve the efficiency of TE conversion. In this study, a series of BiSbTe (BST)/Fe/BST thermoelectromagnetic (TEM) films were successfully prepared by ordered architectonics of ferromagnetic Fe nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) as magnetic units with different distribution shapes between two layers of BST/epoxy films through screen-printing combined with hot-pressing curing.

Thermoelectric Field Enhanced Sulfur Evolution Kinetics for High Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The practical deployment of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries has been impeded by the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetics of lithium polysulfide (LiPSs) conversion. Here, BiSbTe/carbon nanotubes (BST/CNT) interlayer is designed to enhance the durability of Li-S batteries by providing extensive adsorption sites and generating a thermoelectric field from BST thermoelectric material. Experimental and density functional theory investigations confirm the superior adsorption properties of BST.

Preparation and Mechanism Insight of Biodegradable Kippah Vesicles.

Kippah vesicles, fully collapsed polymersomes formed during the self-assembly process, are characterized by a bowl-shaped nanostructure with a large specific surface area, high loading capacity, and an internal void. Current research shows that these structural features have primarily been achieved using non-biodegradable block copolymers, while the fundamental mechanism behind their formation is not well understood. Thus, designing biodegradable kippah vesicles and elucidating their formation mechanism is critical.

Discovery and Optimization of Potent and Highly Selective PARP14 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin condition that remains challenging to treat effectively and safely with current therapies. Recent studies by multiple independent research groups have demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) has been implicated in the progression of inflammatory diseases through its regulation of the Th2 and Th17 signaling pathways, leading to the identification of PARP14 as a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel PARP14 inhibitor with exceptional inhibitory activity against PARP14 (IC = 5.

Effective detection of 148 cases chromosomal mosaicism by karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis and QF-PCR in 32,967 prenatal diagnoses.

Background: Detection of mosaicism has always been difficult in prenatal diagnosis, which is to assess the value of karyotyping combined with three different molecular genetic tests for prenatal diagnosis. Retrospective review of chromosomal mosaicism (CM) was conducted in 32,967 pregnant women from January 2015 to December 2022.

Methods: A total of 148 fetuses diagnosed with chromosomal mosaicism by karyotyping with copy number variant sequencing (CNV-seq)/ chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) were selected, and the results from three the methods were compared and further analyzed.

Robust Controlled Degradation of Enzyme Loaded PCL-Based Fibrous Scaffolds Toward Scarless Skin Tissue Regeneration.

Uncontrolled degradation of wound dressings may result in residues, causing several negative effects on wound healing, such as secondary damage, undesirable inflammation, and scar skin formation. Here, an available strategy associated with the synthesis of enzyme-loaded (Burkholderia cepacia lipase, BCL) polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber scaffolds, aligning with wound healing effects is reported. These scaffolds are fabricated via fiber microfluidic electrospinning degradation-control technique.

Neuritin-specific antibody impedes the Treg-mediated suppression of anti-tumor immunity and enhances response to anti-PD1.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector T cells play critical roles in tumor immunity, with Tregs suppressing immune responses and contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Neuritin-1 (Nrn), a neuropeptide, has been identified to enhance Treg expansion. However, its role in T cell biology and tumor development remains unclear.