A narrative review of psychiatric features of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome as conceptualized in the 20th century.

Introduction: Some ultra-high exposure boxers from the 20th century suffered from neurological problems characterized by slurred speech, personality changes (e.g., childishness or aggressiveness), and frank gait and coordination problems, with some noted to have progressive Parkinsonian-like signs.

The role of sleep in prospective associations between parent reported youth screen media activity and behavioral health.

Background: Screen media activity (SMA) can negatively affect youth behavioral health. Sleep may mediate this association but has not been previously explored. We examined whether sleep mediated the association between SMA and youth behavioral health among a community sample.

Examining later-in-life health risks associated with sport-related concussion and repetitive head impacts: a systematic review of case-control and cohort studies.

Objective: Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former athletes. We examined the future risk for adverse health effects associated with sport-related concussion, or exposure to repetitive head impacts, in former athletes.

Design: Systematic review.

The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Diagnostic Criteria for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To develop new diagnostic criteria for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that are appropriate for use across the lifespan and in sports, civilian trauma, and military settings.

Design: Rapid evidence reviews on 12 clinical questions and Delphi method for expert consensus.

Participants: The Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Task Force of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Brain Injury Special Interest Group convened a Working Group of 17 members and an external interdisciplinary expert panel of 32 clinician-scientists.

Differing associations of depersonalization with physiological response during rest and breath-focused mindfulness in a trauma-exposed female population.

Background: Dissociative and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are commonly co-occurring responses to psychological trauma. Yet, these two groups of symptoms appear to be related to diverging patterns of physiological response. To date, few studies have examined how specific dissociative symptoms, namely, depersonalization and derealization, relate to skin conductance response (SCR), a marker of autonomic function, within the context of PTSD symptoms.

A Neuropsychological Battery for the Evaluation of Dementia Among Mandarin-Speaking Older Adults in the United States.

Objective: Asians of Chinese origin are the largest single Asian origin group in the United States and are also the third largest group in Harris County, TX (i.e., the Houston metropolitan area).

Subjective memory complaints are associated with decreased cortical thickness in Veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury.

Memory problems are frequently endorsed in Veterans following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but subjective complaints are poorly associated with objective memory performance. Few studies have examined associations between subjective memory complaints and brain morphometry. We investigated whether self-reported memory problems were associated with objective memory performance and cortical thickness in Veterans with a history of mTBI.

Examining four blood biomarkers for the detection of acute intracranial abnormalities following mild traumatic brain injury in older adults.

Blood-based biomarkers have been increasingly studied for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Biomarker levels in blood have been shown to vary throughout age groups. Our aim was to study four blood biomarkers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light (NF-L), and total tau (t-tau), in older adult patients with MTBI.

Test-Retest reliability and preliminary reliable change estimates for Sway Balance tests administered remotely in community-dwelling adults.

Objective: Impaired balance and postural stability can occur with advanced age, following traumatic brain injury, in association with neurological disorders and diseases, and as the result of acute or chronic orthopedic problems. The remote assessment of balance and postural stability could be of value in clinical practice and research. We examined the test-retest reliability and reliable change estimates for Sway Balance Mobile Application tests (Sway Medical, Tulsa OK, USA) administered remotely from the participant's home.

Normative Reference Values for Crystallized-Fluid Discrepancy Scores for the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to translate NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores into research and clinical practice with adults by providing normative data for discrepancy scores for both age-adjusted standard scores (SSs) and demographically adjusted T-scores.

Method: We included adult participants from the NIHTB-CB standardization sample who denied having neurodevelopmental, medical, psychiatric, or neurological conditions (n = 730; M = 47.4 years old, SD = 17.

Acute Effects of Concussion in Adolescent Athletes With High Preseason Anxiety.

Objective: To examine associations between pre-existing anxiety symptoms, and symptoms and cognitive functioning acutely following a suspected concussion.

Design: Nested case-control study.

Setting: High schools in Maine, USA.

Algorithms for Operationalizing Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery.

Objective: Neuropsychologists would benefit from flexible methods for operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking examinees that vary in association with intelligence, education, and sociocultural characteristics. The current study combined low and high score base rates (BRs) for the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to identify score combinations that are uncommon within different stratifications of the normative sample and may indicate cognitive impairment.

Method: The Spanish-language NIHTB-CB normative sample included 250 healthy Latinx adults with complete data on two crystallized and five fluid cognitive tests (M = 38.

Psychological Contributions to Symptom Provocation Testing After Concussion.

Objective: Following concussion, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue may transiently worsen or reemerge with increased exertion or activity. Standardized tests have been developed to assess symptom increases following aerobic, cognitive, or vestibular/oculomotor challenge. Although neurophysiological mechanisms are proposed to underlie symptom increases following exertion, psychological factors such as anxiety and misinterpretation of normal bodily sensations may also play a role.

Examining for Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Ventricular Enlargement in Retired Elite-Level Rugby League Players.

Objective: A cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) has been reported as a visible brain anomaly in normal individuals as well in some former combat and collision sport athletes. The appearance of CSP with fenestrations and ventricular enlargement are considered associated features of the neuropathological diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The current study examined CSP anatomic features and lateral ventricle size in retired elite rugby league players and controls.

High-School Football and Midlife Brain Health Problems.

Objective: To examine whether middle-aged men who played high-school football experience worse mental health or cognitive functioning than men who did not play high-school football.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Online survey completed remotely.

Pre-Injury headache and post-traumatic headache in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: neuropsychological, psychiatric, and post-concussion symptom outcomes.

Primary Objective: Headache, both before and after injury, has been associated with worse outcome following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study examined whether three MTBI patient groups - no headache (reported no pre-/post-injury headache), pre-injury headache (reported pre-injury headache, nearly all of whom also reported post-injury headache), and post-traumatic headache only (denied pre-injury headache and reported post-injury headache) - differed in acute-to-subacute outcomes.

Research Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

The Frequency of Low Scores on ImPACT in Adolescent Student-Athletes: Stratification by Race and Socioeconomic Status Using Multivariate Base Rates.

This study examined the associations between the frequency of low scores on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) by race and socioeconomic status (SES), using the proxy of Title I school status, among adolescent student-athletes and calculated multivariate base rates. There were 753 participants assigned to groups based on race (White: = 430, 59.8%; Black: = 289, 40.

Greater Acute Concussion Symptoms Are Associated With Longer Recovery Times in NCAA Division III Collegiate Athletes.

We examined the association between the severity of acute concussion symptoms and time to return to school and to sports in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III collegiate athletes. We hypothesized that students with the lowest burden of acute symptoms, measured in the first 72 h, would have the fastest return to school and sports and those with the highest burden of symptoms would have the slowest return to school and sports. This injury surveillance cohort included 808 athletes from 11 NCAA Division III colleges who sustained a concussion between 2014 and 2019.

Craniotomies following acute traumatic brain injury in Finland-a national study between 1997 and 2018.

Background: A number of patients who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) require surgical intervention due to acute intracranial bleeding. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the national trends of acute craniotomies following TBI in the Finnish adult population.

Methods: The data were collected retrospectively from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care (1997-2018).

Methodology Matters: Comparing Approaches for Defining Persistent Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Some people experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A meaningful clinical classification and scientific progress are hampered by a lack of consensus regarding the phenomenology, assessment, and operationalization of PPCS. Here we demonstrate and evaluate how the methodology used to assess and define persistent symptoms after mTBI influences PPCS as a binary outcome.

Assessing Cognitive Decline in High-Functioning Spanish-Speaking Patients: High Score Base Rates on the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery.

Objective: Prior research has focused on the normal frequency of obtaining low scores on a neuropsychological test battery, but few studies have examined the normal frequency of obtaining high scores. This study involved the preparation of high score multivariate base rates for the Spanish-language National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB).

Method: Participants included 250 healthy Latinx adults (age range: 19-80) from the Spanish-language NIHTB-CB normative sample who completed the full battery (two crystallized and four fluid cognition tests).

Feasibility of Concussion Rehabilitation Approaches Tailored to Psychological Coping Styles: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a clinical trial involving participants with concussion randomized to treatments designed to address fear avoidance or endurance coping, which are risk factors for disability. A secondary objective was to evaluate whether each treatment could affect selective change on targeted coping outcomes.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.