Mild Brain Injuries Incurred During Intimate Partner Violence Are Related to Objective and Self-Reported Balance Measures.

Individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) sometimes self-report balance and vestibular problems; however, objectively measured balance has rarely been investigated in this population. Given the risk for persistent physical, neurocognitive, and psychological effects of brain injury (BI) in women who experience IPV, the present study evaluated the association between mild IPV-BIs, objective balance, and self-reported vestibular symptoms in women with at least one instance of physical IPV ( = 144). IPV-BIs and accident-related BIs were assessed using the Ohio State University traumatic BI (TBI) identification method and the Brain Injury Severity Assessment Interview.

Neurological Disorders and Clinical Progression in Boxers from the 20th Century: A Narrative Review.

: There are no validated clinical diagnostic criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). To understand the historical clinical condition, its applicability to modern day athletes, and the pathogenesis of clinical problems, we examined the literature describing boxers from the 20th century, with specific attention paid to neurological findings and characteristics of clinical disease progression. : Data were extracted for 243 boxers included in 45 articles published between 1928 and 1999, including cases from articles originally published in German.

New Diagnostic Criteria for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Medical-Legal Considerations.

The new American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine diagnostic criteria for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were published in 2023. The criteria are designed to be used across clinical settings. This article discusses some medical-legal issues and implications relating to the use of the new ACRM diagnostic criteria.

Examining and comparing the clinical characteristics of adults with persisting post-concussion symptoms presenting for outpatient rehabilitation following a mild traumatic brain injury or a minimal head injury.

Objective: First, to describe a clinical sample with persisting post-concussion symptoms after a mild injury to the head. Second, to explore whether patients who sustained a mild traumatic brain injury differed from those with a minimal head injury (no loss of consciousness, no post-traumatic amnesia, no neuroimaging findings).

Design: Cross-sectional clinic-referred sample.

Postmortem tau in the CA2 region of the hippocampus in older adult men who participated in youth amateur American-style football.

BackgroundResearchers have reported that hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulates in the Cornu Ammonis 2 subfield (CA2) of the hippocampus with age, preferentially in primary age-related tau astrogliopathy, in association with early Alzheimer's disease, and preferentially in chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change.ObjectiveExamine the possible association between preferential p-tau in the CA2 region of the hippocampus and history of playing high school American-style football.MethodsPostmortem brain tissue samples were obtained from the Lieber Institute for Brain Development for 174 men (median age at death = 65 years; range = 50-96).

Long-Term Mortality of Patients With Head Injuries-A 10-Year Follow-up Study With Population Controls Study Performed at Tampere University Hospital.

Background And Objectives: Increased mortality in the acute phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well established, and there is good evidence suggesting increased long-term mortality as well. Although the reasons for increased acute phase mortality are mostly intuitive, factors associated with long-term mortality are not well understood. The objective of this study was to compare survival and causes of deaths among patients with head injuries and matched population controls.

Distinct Functional MRI Connectivity Patterns and Cortical Volume Variations Associated with Repetitive Blast Exposure in Special Operations Forces Members.

Background Special operations forces members often face multiple blast injuries and have a higher risk of traumatic brain injury. However, the relationship between neuroimaging markers, the cumulative severity of injury, and long-term symptoms has not previously been well-established in the literature. Purpose To determine the relationship between the frequency of blast injuries, persistent clinical symptoms, and related cortical volumetric and functional connectivity (FC) changes observed at brain MRI in special operations forces members.

A tackler correctly adhering to the tackle instruction in a front-on, one-on-one torso tackle alters the peak inertial head kinematics of the ball carrier but not the tackler.

Objectives: To evaluate if the tackler correctly adhering, or not, to four different instructions of legal front-on one-on-one torso tackles altered the tackler and/or ball carrier peak inertial head kinematics.

Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Fifteen rugby-code players measured with three-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture performed two tackle instructions from the Australian National Rugby League coaching manual on under (Dominant National Rugby League) and over (Smother National Rugby League) the ball tackles, and two novel variants of these (under, Dominant, Torso Stick; over, Smother, Pop, Lock).

Pediatric Brain Injuries Are Associated With Intimate Partner Violence-Related Brain Injuries Among Women in Adulthood.

Objective: Prior studies have reported associations between childhood physical abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV). However, there has been limited literature examining the relationship between pediatric brain injuries and IPV-related brain injuries later in life. We examined the association between childhood brain injuries and brain injuries sustained from IPV in adulthood.

Cognition and Ventral Attention Network Connectivity: Associations With Treatment Response in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, which makes it difficult to link clinical phenotypes with biomarkers to improve treatment outcomes. Findings from previous studies suggest that cognitive measures such as verbal memory or attention paired with within-ventral attention network (VAN) or salience network resting-state functional connectivity may predict treatment response among individuals with PTSD.

Methods: In a sample comprising 20 individuals with PTSD and 10 healthy control group individuals, the investigators subtyped individuals by using both discriminant function analysis and standardized norms for a single measure of memory and neuropsychological batteries of memory, attention, and executive functioning; attempted to replicate previous findings of lower within-VAN connectivity among individuals with cognitive impairment; and explored whether within-VAN connectivity paired with cognitive impairment predicted treatment outcomes.

Graded exposure therapy for adults with persistent symptoms after mTBI: A historical comparison study.

Fear avoidance behaviour is associated with slow recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study is a preliminary evaluation of graded exposure therapy (GET), which directly targets fear avoidance behaviour, for reducing post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and disability following mTBI. In a historical comparison design, we compared two groups from independent randomized trials.

Development and validation of an electronic health record-based algorithm for identifying TBI in the VA: A VA Million Veteran Program study.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an algorithm for identifying Veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic health record using VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) data. Manual chart review ( = 200) was first used to establish 'gold standard' diagnosis labels for TBI ('Yes TBI' vs. 'No TBI').

APOE×BDNF Interaction and Poorer Cognitive Outcomes Among Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study.

Objective: The authors examined the interaction between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met alleles on neuropsychological functioning among veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: Participants were 78 veterans with mTBI (85% males; mean±SD age=32.95±7.

Strategies for Cutting Down and Stopping Alcohol Use.

The Psychiatric Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital sees medical and surgical inpatients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms and conditions. During their twice-weekly rounds, Dr Stern and other members of the Consultation Service discuss the diagnosis and management of hospitalized patients with complex medical or surgical problems who also demonstrate psychiatric symptoms or conditions. These discussions have given rise to rounds reports that will prove useful for clinicians practicing at the interface of medicine and psychiatry.

Applying the Consensus Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome Retrospectively to Case Studies of Boxers from the 20th Century.

There are no validated diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). During the early and middle 20th century, TES was described as a clinical condition that was experienced by some high-exposure boxers-and it was believed to reflect chronic traumatic brain injury. Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of TES were published in 2021.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change in former Australian rugby players.

Aims: We applied the 2021 consensus criteria for both chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathological change and traumatic encephalopathy syndrome in a small case series of six former elite-level Australian rugby code players.

Methods: Neuropathological assessment of these cases was carried out at the Sydney and Victorian Brain Banks. Clinical data were collected via clinical interviews and health questionnaires completed by the participants and/or their next of kin, and neuropsychological testing was conducted with participants who were capable of completing this testing.

Test-Retest Reliability and Reliable Change on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery.

Objective: Researchers and practitioners can detect cognitive improvement or decline within a single examinee by applying a reliable change methodology. This study examined reliable change through test-retest data from the English-language National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) normative sample.

Method: Participants included adults (n = 138; age: M ± SD = 54.

Treatment of chronic symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial LED: a sham run-in pilot study of photobiomodulation therapy.

Primary Objective: We evaluated whether photobiomodulation with red/near infrared light applied transcranially via light emitting diodes (LED) was associated with reduced symptoms and improved cognitive functioning in patients with chronic symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury.

Research Design: Participants (3 men, 6 women; 22-61 years-old) underwent a 6-week intervention involving 18 40-minute transcranial LED treatment sessions.

Methods And Procedures: Reliable change indices were calculated for 10 neuropsychological test scores and 3 self-report questionnaires of subjective cognition, post-concussion symptoms, and depression at baseline and following treatment.

Preliminary Evaluation of the Scandinavian Guidelines for Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate Head Injuries with Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has become the most promising biomarker for detecting traumatic abnormalities on head computed tomography (CT) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but most studies have not addressed the potential added value of combining the biomarker with clinical variables that confer risk for intracranial injuries. The Scandinavian Guidelines for Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate Head Injuries in Adults were the first clinical decision rules in the field with an incorporated biomarker, the S100 astroglial calcium-binding protein B (S100B), which is used in the Mild (Low Risk) group defined by the guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the guidelines when S100B was substituted with GFAP.

Litigation, Performance Validity Testing, and Treatment Outcomes in Adults With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To investigate whether involvement in litigation and performance validity test (PVT) failure predict adherence to treatment and treatment outcomes in adults with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Setting: Outpatient concussion clinics in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were assessed at intake (average 12.