Annulation Methods toward the Total Synthesis of Thermorubin: Construction of the AB and BCD Ring Systems.

New antibiotics are desperately needed to fight the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Thermorubin, a forgotten natural product, is one such candidate, as it binds to a novel site on the ribosome and uniquely disrupts both elongation and termination during protein synthesis. In this study, we report the synthesis of the AB and BCD ring portions of thermorubin in a 10% yield over six steps and an 8.

Geraniin Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice.

Geraniin (GE), an ellagic tannin extracted from , has been demonstrated to improve high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Geraniin on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism. In this study, we used the mice as a model of atherosclerosis.

Development of Histotripsy as a Local-Regional Liver Cancer Therapy: Preclinical to Clinical Translation.

Histotripsy is the first noninvasive, nonthermal, and nonionizing focused ultrasound ablative therapy that effectively destroys targeted tissue. Histotripsy research began as an early preclinical prototype that eventually underwent small- and large-animal preclinical testing to ensure safe clinical translation to human use. Small-animal studies demonstrated the efficacy of histotripsy in destroying liver tumors and generating immune responses, while large-animal studies in human-sized livers further refined the technology for clinical translation.

Unveiling an Immunological Mystery: Deciphering the Durability Divide in Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses.

Achieving durable antibody-mediated protection remains critical in vaccine develop-ment, particularly for viral diseases like COVID-19 and HIV. We discuss factors influencing an-tibody durability, highlighting the role of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in the bone marrow, which are essential for sustained antibody production over many years. The frequencies and prop-erties of bone marrow LLPC are critical determinants of the broad spectrum of antibody durability for different vaccines.

Frozen media preserves blastocyst development and quality in cattle embryos produced in vitro: a six-month evaluation.

Media preparation represents a critical source of variability in cattle in vitro embryo production (IVP), with batch-to-batch inconsistencies potentially affecting experimental outcomes. This study evaluated whether cryopreservation of IVP media could maintain embryonic developmental competence while reducing preparation-related variability. We compared the efficacy of frozen (-80 °C) versus freshly prepared synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF)-based media for producing cattle blastocysts over storage periods of one, three, and six months.

Ligand Exchange and Binding at the Surface of PbS Quantum Dots Quantified Using Multimodal Magnetic Resonance.

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) show promise for various applications, including biological imaging and photovoltaics. QDs are typically stabilized by surface-bound ligands, which exhibit a dynamic binding equilibrium. This study combines nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and diffusometry to quantify the populations and kinetics of oleic acid (OAH) ligand binding to PbS QD surfaces.

Increased listening effort and cochlear neural degeneration underlie speech-in-noise deficits in normal-hearing middle-aged adults.

Middle age represents a critical period of accelerated brain changes and provides a window for early detection and intervention in age-related neurological decline. Hearing loss is a key early marker of such decline and is linked to numerous comorbidities in older adults. Yet, ~10% of middle-aged individuals who report hearing difficulties show normal audiograms.

Faba Bean: Unlocking nutritional potential and agricultural sustainability.

Faba bean ( L.) has been identified as a versatile specialty crop for North America due to its rich nutritional profile, ability to thrive in diverse climates, and economic potential. Although friendly to most diets, faba bean consumption is challenged by the presence of vicine and convicine-antinutritional compounds that trigger favism in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Evaluating the effectiveness of participatory science dog teams to detect devitalized Spotted Lanternfly () egg masses.

The spotted lanternfly (, SLF) is an invasive planthopper first detected in the United States in 2014, with initial sightings in Pennsylvania. SLF poses a serious threat to agriculture, particularly targeting grapevines, hops, and ornamental plants, resulting in substantial annual economic losses. Due to its life cycle, the early detection and removal of egg masses are the most effective strategies for preventing long-distance dispersal.

Levels of physically effective neutral detergent fiber from forage and narasin inclusion: performance, carcass traits, meat quality, gastrointestinal fermentation, and rumen histology in feedlot lambs.

This experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of different levels of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) from forage (peNDF-F) and narasin inclusion on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, gastrointestinal fermentation, and ruminal papillae development in feedlot lambs fed high-concentrated diets. Forty-four Dorper × Santa Inês male lambs [initial body weight (BW) = 24.2 ± 1.

The pH-Dependent Specificity of Cathepsin S and Its Implications for Inflammatory Communications and Disease.

Proteases have two major roles in health and disease: making functional changes to proteins as a post-translational modification and degradation of proteins as a regulatory or waste management mechanism. The cysteine protease cathepsin S serves both of these functions. It digests antigens in the adaptive immune system and is associated with many autoimmune diseases and cancers.

Caught in the Web of the Net? Part II: A Motivation-Based Developmental Psychopathology Model for the Aberrant Internet Use in (Young) People with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

In Part I (Muris et al. in Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 22:549-561, 2025), we provided meta-analytic evidence showing that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or high levels of autistic traits exhibit higher rates of problematic internet use (PIU), but paradoxically have lower levels of social media use compared to typically developing individuals or those with lower levels of autistic traits. The current theoretical article introduces a motivation-based developmental psychopathology model aimed at clarifying the motives behind the atypical internet and social media use observed in people with ASD or with high levels of autistic traits.

FIR-LSTM: An Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Predicting Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndrome in Pediatric Intensive Care Units.

Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) is a significant yet underrecognized public health concern for pediatric patients in critical care units, most frequently the result of abrupt cessation or rapid tapering of sedative or opioid medications. Early prediction of IWS is important for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. In this study, we developed an explainable deep learning model utilizing a unidirectional multilayer long short-term memory (LSTM) network to predict the risk of IWS in pediatric ICU patients.

The path less traveled: the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibody production and cytokine dysregulation leads to systemic organ and tissue damage that can result in mortality. Although various environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors can contribute to disease pathogenesis, the cause of this disease is not known. Traditional treatment for this disease is centered around limiting inflammation using a variety of immunosuppresants including glucocorticosteroids as well as other therapeutics including anti-malarial drugs.

Modeling Laryngeal Dystonia through Spectral Analyses of Vocalizations in a Dystonia Mouse Model.

Laryngeal dystonia is a task-specific, focal dystonia that disrupts vocal-motor control and significantly alters quality of life through impaired communication. Despite its early onset in many hereditary dystonias, effective treatments remain limited, in part due to the lack of a preclinical model that captures its circuit-level pathophysiology. Our experiment evaluates ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in ; mice, a cerebellum-specific generalized dystonia model, to assess translational relevance for laryngeal dystonia.

Trap design and pheromone lure type influence Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moth capture in sweet corn.

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie, is a highly destructive pest of sweet corn, Zea mays L. convar. saccharata Koern, because of larval feeding.

Mapping QTLs for leaf spot, nematode resistance, and yield related traits in pearl millet [ (L.) Morrone].

Pearl millet [ (L.) Morrone, formerly (L.) R.

Chemically-Disordered Transparent Conductive Perovskites With High Crystalline Fidelity.

This manuscript presents a working model linking chemical disorder and transport properties in correlated-electron perovskites with high-entropy formulations and a framework to actively design them. This work demonstrates this new learning in epitaxial Sr(Ti,Cr,Nb,Mo,W)O thin films that exhibit exceptional crystalline fidelity despite a diverse chemical formulation where most B-site species are highly misfit with respect to valence and radius. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirm a unique combination of chemical disorder and structural perfection in thin and thick epitaxial layers.

Functional Genomics: From Soybean to Legume.

The Fabaceae family, the third-largest among flowering plants, is nutritionally vital, providing rich sources of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Leguminous plants, such as soybeans, peas, and chickpeas, typically contain two to three times more protein than cereals like wheat and rice, with low fat content (primarily unsaturated fats) and no cholesterol, making them essential for cardiovascular health and blood sugar management. Since the release of the soybean genome in 2010, genomic research in Fabaceae has advanced dramatically.

Maintenance energy-driven polyhydroxyalkanoates production from food waste digestate by Haloferax mediterranei.

This study investigated the role of maintenance energy expenditure in driving polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from food waste digestate using Haloferax mediterranei. A theoretical model was developed to describe the inhibitory effects on cellular PHA content based on substrate allocation on maintenance energy. This model offered a generalized understanding of the positive correlations between inhibitory effects and corresponding PHA production.

Evaluation of two structural sealing methods for sulfuryl fluoride fumigation against bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), has become a well-established pest in houses within the United States. This is partly because bed bugs have been so successful at invading the many void spaces that exist in homes.

Vitamin D and Exercise Performance in Female Adolescent Athletes.

Vitamin D is both a required nutrient and a hormone and is necessary for growth and protein metabolism. Adolescence is a major period of growth and development, and thus, it is logical to consider how vitamin D may play a role in this stage of life. Our review specifically aims to examine the ways in which vitamin D intake affects female adolescent athletes.

Self-reported dog vaccination practices in pet owners enrolled in the Dog Aging Project in the United States found most dogs were vaccinated according to veterinarians' recommendations.

Objective: To assess the associations between pet owners' demographic characteristics and vaccination status of dogs at the time of enrollment into the Dog Aging Project and describe the vaccination practices against core and noncore pathogens.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed responses of US dog owners to the Dog Aging Project Health and Life Experience Survey, administered at enrollment from 2019 through 2023, and the 2023 annual follow-up survey. A multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was built to investigate factors associated with dog vaccination status.

GPS-based street-view greenspace exposure and wearable assessed physical activity in a prospective cohort of US women.

Background: Increasing evidence positively links greenspace and physical activity (PA). However, most studies use measures of greenspace, such as satellite-based vegetation indices around the residence, which fail to capture ground-level views and day-to-day dynamic exposures, potentially misclassifying greenspace and limiting policy relevance.

Methods: We analyzed data from the US-based Nurses' Health Study 3 Mobile Health Substudy (2018-2020).