Age-related dysregulation of proteasome-independent K63 polyubiquitination in the hippocampus and amygdala.

Cognitive decline with aging is a complex process involving multiple brain regions and molecular mechanisms. While the role of the canonical protein degradation function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been well studied in the context of aging and age-associated memory loss, the non-proteolytic functions of ubiquitin activity remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of lysine-63 (K63) polyubiquitination, the most abundant form of proteasome-independent ubiquitination, in aged rats, focusing on the hippocampus and amygdala, two brain regions reported to have cellular and molecular alterations with age that are associated with age-related memory loss.

Policy changes to US federal infant feeding laws and regulations from 2014-2023: evidence that the 2022 infant formula shortage had a narrow policy impact.

In the spring and summer of 2022, an infant formula shortage in the United States received extensive media coverage, widespread social media engagement, and visible political attention. The purpose of this study was to explore changes to federal infant feeding policies in relation to the 2022 infant formula shortage to determine whether the shortage provoked policy change, and if so, the nature of those policy changes. A mapping of federal laws, regulations, and presidential documents passed or substantively amended between 2014 and 2023 was conducted to explore changes in US infant feeding policies prior to and following the shortage.

High-rate mechano-stimulation alters proliferation- and maturation-related signaling of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a 3D hydrogel.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to neuroinflammation and is associated with chronic neurodegeneration. Many TBI studies aim to understand further the mechanism by which cells in the brain respond to the mechanical forces associated with TBI. In particular, mild TBI is the most common level of injury among TBI patients, and the reactivity of glial cells is a key mechanism in understanding mild TBI.

Modifications in media composition and antioxidant support influences in vitro produced bovine blastocyst inner cell mass and trophectoderm numbers.

Most of the in vitro bovine embryo production work completed over the past several decades has relied on using a medium formulation developed based on the chemical composition of sheep oviduct fluid (SOFBE1). This work explored how changes in the composition of this medium (modSOFBE1) and the inclusion of five antioxidant molecules (5AO) affect in vitro bovine embryo development. Studies used cumulus oocyte complexes collected from abattoir-derived ovaries that underwent in vitro maturation and fertilization, then presumptive zygotes were placed into the various media formulations.

Increased Circulating Interleukin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This work aimed to quantitatively evaluate circulating interleukin concentration data available for patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We performed a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Original studies reporting data on circulating interleukin concentrations in at least one group of patients with Type 2 diabetes (obese Type 2 diabetes [OBD], overweight Type 2 diabetes [OWD], or lean Type 2 diabetes [LD]) and healthy weight controls (HWCs) were included.

Incidence, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, and sex differences in young people without intellectual impairment who are autistic, ADHD, or autistic-ADHD: a population-based cross-sectional study in Iceland.

Background: Population-based studies comparing the incidence and co-occurring psychiatric conditions of young people without intellectual impairment who are autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or autistic-ADHD are scarce. For autistic, ADHD, and autistic-ADHD youth in Iceland aged 7-18 years without intellectual impairment, we aimed primarily to estimate the age-standardised incidence of these 3 neurotypes, overall and by sex, and secondarily to estimate the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric conditions and emotional and conduct challenges.

Methods: In this nationwide, population-based cross-sectional study we included young people without intellectual impairment aged 7-18 years who were autistic, ADHD, or autistic-ADHD.

Quantifying Conformational Heterogeneity of 3D Genome Organization in Fruit Fly.

The three-dimensional (3D) organization of interphase chromatin in eukaryotes is complex; details of the corresponding genome structures vary stochastically from cell to cell. Here, we propose a metric to quantify the cell-to-cell heterogeneity of the 3D chromatin conformations in ensembles of single cells: () is defined as the standard deviation of the ensemble distribution of the per cell average Euclidean inter-loci distances , for a given genomic separation between the loci. We have used the metric to examine and quantify in detail the cell-to-cell heterogeneity of conformations of the interphase X chromosome in fruit fly generated via three distinctly different modeling approaches, which take experimental Hi-C data as input.

Reaction of O with α-Aminoalkyl Radicals Derived from Tetrahydropyridines.

Tetrahydropyridines, such as the Parkinsonian-symptom-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its derivatives are unique in that they are the only known tertiary amines that are monoamine oxidase (MAO) substrates or inhibitors. These compounds all possess an exceptionally weak C-H bond at C-6, which is alpha both to a nitrogen lone pair and a C═C. Radicals (R) derived from hydrogen abstraction at this position are exceptionally stable.

White-nose syndrome.

In this quick guide, Foster and Hoyt introduce the fungal disease known as 'white-nose syndrome', which is afflicting bats in North America.

Impact of large-scale solar on property values in the United States: Diverse effects and causal mechanisms.

As the renewable energy transition continues into less receptive communities, local opposition is expected to intensify, potentially slowing the process. Since the local impacts are neither well quantified nor widely recognized, we lack policies and common practices to mitigate the potential associated welfare loss in affected communities. Based on a nationwide dataset combining property transactions and large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSSPV) sites, we analyze the heterogeneous effects of LSSPV on property prices and the associated causal pathways.

Variant evolution graph: Can we infer how SARS-CoV-2 variants are evolving?

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone extensive mutations over time, resulting in considerable genetic diversity among circulating strains. This diversity directly affects important viral characteristics, such as transmissibility and disease severity. During a viral outbreak, the rapid mutation rate produces a large cloud of variants, referred to as a viral quasispecies.

Crash risk associated with eyes-off-road duration by road control type and intersection type.

Introduction: Scanning the driving environment is crucial for safe driving. However, the complexity of the driving environment affects a driver's ability to maintain sufficient situational awareness. This study aimed to quantify the crash risk associated with eye-off-road (EOR) behavior across different road control and intersection types, providing insights for Driver Monitoring Systems (DMSs).

Changes in microbial assembly and ecological processes following application of Aureobasidium pullulans on apple fruit surface.

The apple fruit surface hosts a diverse microbiome that plays a vital role in fruit health and resistance to postharvest decay. Aureobasidium pullulans, a core member of this microbiome, has been extensively studied for its biocontrol properties, yet its ecological role in shaping microbial community dynamics remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of manipulating a native Aureobasidium, to act both as a biocontrol agent and as a modulator of the epiphytic microbiome when applied at different stages of fruit development and storage.

A novel peptide mimetic, brilacidin, for combating multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an urgent public health threat due to rising infections and rapid resistance development. N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to nearly all FDA-approved drugs, with ceftriaxone being the only remaining effective treatment for gonococcal infections.

A sp. D.P. Rogers associated with vascular streak dieback of woody ornamental plants in Virginia, U.S.A.

Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) is a serious new threat to woody ornamental plant production in the United States. From April to November of 2022, 2023, and 2024, a survey was conducted by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services to determine the distribution and impact of a fastidious sp. D.

Lack of pathogenic involvement of CCL4 and its receptor CCR5 in arthritogenic alphavirus disease.

Arthritogenic alphaviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), Mayaro (MAYV), Ross River (RRV), and O'nyong nyong virus (ONNV), are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease characterized by fever, rash, and incapacitating muscle and joint pain and inflammation. Alphavirus infection induces robust immune responses, leading to the upregulation of several cytokines and chemokines, including chemokine C ligand 4 (CCL4). CCL4 is a chemoattractant for immune cells such as T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells, recruiting these cells to the site of infection, stimulating the release of proinflammatory mediators, and inducing T cell differentiation.

Laparoscopic ovariectomy is a safe, minimally invasive intervention for companion pigs.

Objective: To describe elective laparoscopic ovariectomy (OVE) in a group of companion pigs and compare complication rates and survival times between production and miniature pigs.

Methods: Hospital records (2008 to 2022) were reviewed for pigs that underwent elective laparoscopic OVE. Data recorded included signalment, behavior history, preoperative evaluation, surgical details, and survival to hospital discharge.

A Longitudinal Examination of Online Expressive Writing Intervention Outcomes Comparing Hispanic Survivors of Childhood Trauma and Adult Trauma.

Childhood traumas such as childhood abuse and neglect are prevalent in Hispanic populations. They have long-term consequences including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in adulthood. Treatment options suitable for Hispanic survivors of childhood traumas and neglect are needed.

Chromosomal rearrangements in mosquitoes: from micro- to macroevolution.

Chromosomal rearrangements are believed to play a critical role in shaping the eco-evolutionary dynamics of diverse organisms, including mosquitoes. The availability of high-quality genome assemblies of multiple mosquito species has revolutionized the study of these rearrangements. Researchers can now employ genomic approaches to identify chromosomal rearrangements and gain new insights into their role in both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary processes.

Gap junctional and ephaptic coupling in cardiac electrical propagation: homocellular and heterocellular perspectives.

Electrical communication in the heart is crucial for maintaining normal cardiac function. Traditionally, gap junctional coupling between cardiomyocytes has been accepted as the primary mechanism governing electrical propagation in the heart. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that gap junctions are also present between different cell types in heterocellular structures and disruption of such gap junctional coupling can be associated with cardiac dysfunction.

One-Two Punch: Combining Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy to Decrease Radiation Dose and Related Toxicity in Children and Adolescents with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare in children and adolescents. Although radiation has been an essential component of treatment for this often-curable tumor, it can lead to severe side effects in survivors. Therefore, the reduction of radiation-related long-term effects by limiting radiation dose is a key clinical priority.

Comanagement and reconciling of ecological and economic benefits in an Amazonian freshwater fishery.

Freshwater ecosystems contribute substantially to the global fish catch. However, freshwater fisheries face growing human pressures and are underrepresented in global analyses and conservation strategies. Attempts to reconcile conservation and human welfare goals in fisheries have led to comanagement by the government and local communities, along with other stakeholders, but assessments of its effectiveness in freshwater fisheries are lacking.

HIV protease inhibitors restore amphotericin B activity against Candida.

Candida auris is an invasive fungal pathogen, representing a global public health threat. It is characterized by high mortality rates among infected individuals, significant antifungal resistance, and a remarkable ability to persist in healthcare environments. While amphotericin B is one of the most powerful antifungal agents for treating Candida infections, approximately 30% of C.

Full-scale implementation of partial denitrification-anammox in IFAS processes: Cost savings and operational strategies.

This paper examines the design and implementation of a full-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) process at the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) James River Treatment Plant (JRTP) in Newport News, VA, USA. The study assesses the operational outcomes of PdNA in the postanoxic zone of two full-scale demonstration treatment trains. Over 650 days, the first implementation, IFAS 1, underwent three supplemental carbon combinations for partial denitrification (PdN): step-fed primary clarifier effluent (PCE), methanol and PCE, and glycerol and PCE.