A quantitative PCR-based assay for the species-specific detection of , causal agent of caliciopsis canker disease of .

Caliciopsis pinea is the ascomycete plant pathogen that causes caliciopsis canker disease on North American Pinus strobus (eastern white pine). Infections result in downgrading of lumber due to canker formation and overall loss of vigor in P. strobus, which is a critical cover species throughout its native range.

Patient Characteristics Associated with 30-Day Readmission to a Pediatric Cardiac Center.

Patients with acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD) are at higher risk of hospitalization. Despite quality improvement (QI) initiatives, many patients experience readmission soon after discharge. We aimed to identify risk factors for 30-day readmission and hypothesized that direct discharge from the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) is associated with an increased readmission rate.

Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars.

The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures. Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater's western edge, Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively.

Agrifood value chain employment and compensation shift with structural transformation.

The traditional structural transformation narrative emphasizes intersectoral labour reallocation out of agriculture, ignoring whether workers exit agrifood value chains or merely migrate within them. Here we decompose multiregional input-output table data into industry- and country-specific annual labour value-added estimates by final consumer market segment, matching them with industry-specific employment data to estimate average worker compensation. Using data covering most of the global economy over 1993-2021, we report ten stylized facts about labour reallocation amid structural transformation.

Plasma proteomic associations with Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes.

Clinical Alzheimer's disease is currently characterized by cerebral β-amyloidosis associated with cognitive impairment. However, most cases of Alzheimer's disease are associated with multiple neuropathologies at autopsy. The peripheral protein changes associated with these disease endophenotypes are poorly understood.

Heart failure-specific cardiac fibroblasts contribute to cardiac dysfunction via the MYC-CXCL1-CXCR2 axis.

Heart failure (HF) is a growing global health issue. While most studies focus on cardiomyocytes, here we highlight the role of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in HF. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse hearts under pressure overload identified six CF subclusters, with one specific to the HF stage.

Low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: molecular landscape, treatment strategies and emerging therapies.

Low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is a specific category of bladder cancer with a favourable prognosis; however, its management presents several challenges. The risk of stage progression is very low, but approximately half of patients will experience recurrence within the first 5 years after diagnosis. This high propensity for recurrence, coupled with the threat of progression, mandates ongoing surveillance.

Long-range PM pollution and health impacts from the 2023 Canadian wildfires.

Smoke from extreme wildfires in Canada adversely affected air quality in many regions in 2023. Here we use satellite observations, machine learning and a chemical transport model to quantify global and regional PM (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) exposure and human health impacts related to the 2023 Canadian wildfires.

Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu-Hf isotopes in Ryugu.

Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.

Acute kidney injury and subsequent risk of late-onset infection among extremely low gestational age newborns.

Objective: Determine whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with subsequent late-onset infection (LOI) among extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGAN).

Study Design: Secondary analysis of participants in the Preterm Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection Trial. Infants surviving ≥7 days with sufficient serum creatinine data were included.

Digging into the evolutionary history of the fungus-growing-ant symbiont, Escovopsis (Hypocreaceae).

Symbiotic relationships shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi in the genus Escovopsis share an evolutionary history with the fungus-growing "attine" ant system and are only found in association with these social insects. Despite this close relationship, there are key aspects of Escovopsis evolution that remain poorly understood.

A practical approach to determining screw preload in dental implant systems.

A practical and novel technique used both in testing and in practice when tightening dental implant screw systems is described for determining the preload implant screw systems, which differs from traditional tightening procedures that are based solely on the application of a predetermined manufacturer specified torque value. Preload is the critical quantity for a reliable joint: about 90% of tightening torque goes into overcoming friction and the remaining amount, approximately 10%, goes into preload. Because of the heavy dependence of torque on friction, the actual preload achieved is subject to large variability of up ±35%, depending on surface conditions (dry, wet, or contaminated).

Fabricating complete dentures guided by a modified extraoral scan body for true horizontal plane and vertical dimension recording, virtual articulator mounting, and virtual patient integration.

Facially driven treatment planning procedures are fundamental for the esthetic integration of dental restorations. Additionally, transferring diagnostic casts into a virtual articulator are recommended procedures for fabricating dental prostheses. Different digital workflows for fabricating complete dentures have been described; however, these techniques did not register the true horizontal plane in relationship to the natural head posture for transferring the maxillary cast to the virtual articulator.

Prenatal alcohol exposure perturbs the development of radial glial cells in the fetal olfactory bulb.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and is associated with various cognitive and sensory impairments, including olfactory dysfunction. While both genetic and environmental factors contribute to olfactory dysfunction, PAE is considered a significant factor affecting brain development, including the olfactory system. In this study, we investigated the impact of PAE on the developing olfactory bulb (OB), specifically focusing on OB RGCs-radial glial cells that give rise to OB projection neurons.

Innate and adaptive immune features associated with immune-related adverse events.

Background: While highly efficacious for numerous cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause unpredictable and potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), underscoring the need to understand irAE biology.

Methods: We used a multidimensional approach incorporating single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, multiplex cytokine assay, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) profiling to characterize the peripheral immune landscape of patients receiving ICI therapy according to irAE development.

Results: Analysis of 162 patients revealed that individuals who developed clinically significant irAEs exhibited a baseline proinflammatory, autoimmune-like state characterized by a significantly higher abundance of CD57 T and natural killer (NK) T cells, plasmablasts, proliferating and activated CXCR3 lymphocytes, CD8 effector and terminal effector memory T cells, along with reduced NK cells and elevated plasma ANA levels.

Reprogramming the immunologically cold landscape of prostate cancer through MAOA inhibition.

Prostate cancer (PC) is notoriously known for exhibiting an immunologically cold phenotype in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), leading to the need for interventions to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. Recent findings by Zhao in the identified stromal monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a key enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and plays a role in the neuroendocrine system, as a critical regulator of the immune response to PC. Altering MAOA levels in myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts, either genetically or pharmacologically, can reprogram PC's TIME to modulate CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity through the WNT5A-Ca²-NFATC1 signaling axis, highlighting the stromal influences on CD8 T cell cytotoxic activity within the TIME.

Species-dependent captures of three Limonius pest click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species in western North America with aerial and ground traps.

In western North America, 3 pest wireworms in the genus Limonius co-occur on farmland, and the click beetle adult males respond to the same single-component sex attractant, limoniic acid. While divergence in seasonal occurrence may provide a means of separating sexual communication for Limonius canus (LeConte) and Limonius californicus (Mann.), both species overlap temporally with Limonius infuscatus (Mots.

What you listen to makes a difference: The impact of music on attention and well-being.

Sounds constantly surround us, serving as sensory cues that help humans interpret the world and navigate the flood of stimuli they encounter. Research has shown that sounds and music can influence attentional performance; however, evidence on whether auditory stimuli can improve attention is limited. This study employed the attention network test to investigate how four types of sound-slow beat music, brown noise, fast beat music, and no sound-modulate visual attention.

Ready-to-Use School Meals in Northern Ghana Are a Viable Alternative to Traditional School Meals.

School feeding provides nutrition, brings order to the school day, and enhances student participation. School feeding in low-income countries is often sporadic due to coordination challenges among multiple stakeholders. To assess the reliability of school feeding in Mion district, a food-insecure area in northern Ghana, Project Peanut Butter (PPB) studied ready-to-use school meals (RUSMs) and micronutrient-fortified home-grown school food (HGSF).

Minimum Ten-Year Follow-Up of Patients 50 Years or Less Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty with Fourth-Generation Ceramic 32-mm Femoral Heads on Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene.

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with third-generation alumina ceramic heads on highly cross-linked polyethylene liners (HXLPE) has demonstrated excellent outcomes in young patients. However, concerns of ceramic head fracture, squeaking, stripe wear, and limited sizing led to the development of a fourth-generation ceramic head. The purpose of our study was to report on survivorship, wear characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes of THA with a fourth-generation 32-mm ceramic femoral head and HXLPE liner in patients 50 years or younger at 10-year minimum follow-up.

Global Burden of Psoriasis from 1990 to 2021 and Potential Factors: A Systematic Analysis.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 100 million people worldwide. This study aimed to understand the global impact of psoriasis on health and economics over the past three decades. we analyzed trends in psoriasis cases, its effects on people's quality of life, and the associated costs.

Reconstruction of a resource balance analysis model of Clostridium thermocellum examines the metabolic cost of glycolytic and cellulosome enzymes.

Clostridium thermocellum is an increasingly well-studied organism with considerable advantages for consolidated bioprocessing towards ethanol production. Here, a genome-scale resource balance analysis (RBA) model of C. thermocellum, ctRBA, is reconstructed based on a recently published stoichiometric model (iCTH669), global proteomics, and C MFA datasets to analyze proteome allocation and the burden imposed on metabolism with regard to ethanol yield and titer.

Testing the efficacy and mechanisms of an SMS intervention focused on motivating peer network support to reduce alcohol consumption in non-collegiate young adults: Protocol for a randomized trial.

Background: Non-collegiate young adults engage in high rates of heavy drinking but are less likely to access alcohol-related counseling or treatment. Peers play a significant role in shaping drinking behavior, yet few interventions target close peer influence in this population.

Methods: This two-arm randomized controlled trial will enroll 300 young adults aged 18-25 who report 2+ heavy drinking days (HDD; defined as 4+ drinks for a woman and 5+ drinks for a man) in the past 30 days and are not enrolled in college.