Biparametric vs Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: The PRIME Diagnostic Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without prostate biopsy, has become the standard of care for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Resource capacity limits widespread adoption. Biparametric MRI, which omits the gadolinium contrast sequence, is a shorter and cheaper alternative offering time-saving capacity gains for health systems globally.

Using Medication Dispensation Data to Identify Clusters with Similar Prescribing Patterns in Older Adults Living with Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Older adults living with dementia are a heterogeneous group, which can make studying optimal medication management challenging. Unsupervised machine learning is a group of computing methods that rely on unlabeled data-that is, where the algorithm itself is discovering patterns without the need for researchers to label the data with a known outcome. These methods may help us to better understand complex prescribing patterns in this population.

A Phase II Trial to Assess the Evolution of the KRAS Mutation Load by Liquid Biopsy in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Neoadjuvant NALIRIFOX.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between the KRAS mutational load and the histologic tumor response in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who received neoadjuvant treatment (NAC) with pegylated liposomal irinotecan in combination with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (NALIRIFOX).

Methods: This was a multicenter, single-arm, interventional, open-label, phase 2 trial in patients 18 years or older who had histologically or cytologically confirmed PDAC and were candidates for surgery and received neoadjuvant NALIRIFOX. The primary outcome was determination of the association between the KRAS mutational load and the histologic tumor response after chemotherapy.

Psychometric properties of Brachial Plexus outcome measure: COSMIN-based systematic review.

Purpose: Children with incomplete recovery from Brachial Plexus Birth Injury (BPBI) experience varying degrees of upper limb impairment, and 20-30% require interventions to optimize function. A psychometrically validated measure of upper limb activity capacity is essential to guide shared clinical decisions for surgical and rehabilitation interventions.

Materials And Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis, this systematic review included studies on the measurement properties of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM) - Activity Scale, a performance-based outcome measure of upper limb activity capacity in children with BPBI.

Binocular cues to 3D face structure increase activation in depth-selective visual cortex with negligible effects in face-selective areas.

Studies of visual face processing often use flat images as proxies for real faces due to their ease of manipulation and experimental control. Although flat images capture many features of a face, they lack the rich three-dimensional (3D) structural information available when binocularly viewing real faces (e.g.

Risk mitigation of shared room ventilation and filtration on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a multicenter test-negative study.

Background: Admission to shared hospital rooms are a risk factor of healthcare-associated (HA) SARS-CoV-2. Quantifying the impact of engineering controls such as ventilation and filtration is essential to informing resource utilization and infection prevention guidelines.

Methods: Multicenter test-negative study of patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in shared rooms across five hospitals between January and October, 2022.

Trends in healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial-resistant organisms among adults in Canadian acute care hospitals: findings from four point prevalence surveys, 2002 to 2024.

Objective: To describe trends in the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) in Canadian acute-care hospitals.

Design: Repeated point prevalence surveys.

Setting: Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) hospitals.

Risk of viral respiratory infection associated with shared washroom between adjoining rooms: a test-negative study.

In test-negative study of residents exposed to viral respiratory infection (VRI), odds of VRI (excluding SARS-CoV-2) was higher with shared room (OR = 2.28, 95% CI, 1.53-3.

The energy landscape of folding in n-C14H30 described by a machine-learned potential.

Folding and unfolding in molecules as simple as short hydrocarbons and as complicated as large proteins continue to be an active research field. Here, we investigate folding in n-C14H30 using both density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP calculations of 27 772 local minima and a kinetic transition network calculated for a previously reported potential energy surface (PES) obtained by fitting roughly 250 000 B3LYP energies. In addition to generating a database of minima and the transition states that connect them, these calculations and the PES based on them have been used to develop a simple and accurate model for the energy landscape.

AppRaise: Software for Quantifying Evidence Uncertainty in Systematic Reviews Using a Posterior Mixture Model.

Rationale: Systematic reviews are essential for evidence-based healthcare decision-making. While it is relatively straightforward to quantitatively assess random errors in systematic reviews, as these are typically reported in primary studies, the assessment of biases often remains narrative. Primary studies seldom provide quantitative estimates of biases and their uncertainties, resulting in systematic reviews rarely including such measurements.

Routine Doppler Ultrasonography Does Not Differentiate Acute Tubular Necrosis and Rejection in Early Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Introduction: Differentiating acute tubular necrosis (ATN) from rejection in pediatric kidney transplant (KT) recipients remains challenging and necessitates invasive biopsy. Doppler ultrasound-derived resistive index (RI) is a noninvasive modality to assess graft status, but its diagnostic utility in children is unclear. This study evaluates RI's ability to distinguish ATN and rejection in KT.

Qualitative insights from an online community-based exercise intervention for persons living with HIV.

Introduction: Online community-based exercise (CBE) is a rehabilitation strategy that can promote health outcomes among people living with HIV. We aimed to describe experiences implementing a community-based exercise (CBE) intervention with adults living with HIV.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal qualitative descriptive study involving interviews with adults living with HIV and persons implementing an online tele-coaching CBE intervention.

Vitamin C Does Not Affect Platelet Counts in Patients With Sepsis: A Post hoc Analysis of the Lessening Organ Dysfunction With Vitamin C Randomized Trial.

Objective: Vitamin C has been linked to alterations in platelet count and aggregation behavior. Given recent findings suggesting an association between vitamin C and adverse outcomes in patients with septic shock, we aimed to investigate whether vitamin C influences mortality in septic patients through its impact on platelets.

Design: Post hoc analysis of the Lessening Organ Dysfunction With Vitamin C (LOVIT) randomized trial (clinicaltrials.

Discovery of an exquisitely selective WDR5 chemical probe accelerated by a high-quality DEL-ML Hit.

Herein we present the rapid development of LH168, a potent and highly selective chemical probe for WDR5, streamlined by utilizing a DEL-ML (DNA encoded library-machine learning) hit as the chemical starting point. LH168 was comprehensively characterized in bioassays and demonstrated potent target engagement at the WIN-site pocket of WDR5, with an EC of approximately 10 nM, a long residence time, and exceptional proteome-wide selectivity for WDR5. In addition, we present the X-ray co-crystal structure and provide insights into the structure-activity relationships (SAR).

Neighborhood clustering analysis to define epithelial-stromal interface for tumor infiltrating lymphocyte evaluation.

Evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as recommended by current guidelines is largely based on stromal regions within the tumor. In the context of epithelial malignancies, the epithelial region and the epithelial-stromal interface are not assessed, because of technical difficulties in manually discerning lymphocytes when admixed with epithelial tumor cells. The inability to quantify immune cells in epithelial-associated areas may negatively impact evaluation of patient response to immune checkpoint therapies.

Development and preliminary inter-rater reliability of the new PROOF tool to measure fidelity of problem-solving therapy for depression delivered by non-specialists in a low-resource African setting.

Problem-solving therapy (PST) is a brief psychological intervention often implemented for depression. Currently, there are no tools with well-evidenced reliability to measure PST fidelity. This pilot study aimed to measure the inter-rater reliability and agreement of the blem-Slving Therapy idelity (PROOF) scale, comprising binary 14-item adherence and an 8-item competence subscales.

Hippocampal subfield and amygdala volumes are associated with difficulties in emotion regulation of depressed patients with a history of childhood maltreatment.

Background: Previous studies indicate that hippocampal (subfield) and amygdala volumes may correlate with specific cognitive functions, coping strategies and emotion regulation. Here, we investigated associations between emotional processing and volumes of hippocampal subfields and amygdala. We focused on depressed patients since emotional dysregulation and hippocampal volume shrinkage are characteristic of them.

Physical morbidities in survivors of testicular germ cell tumors during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood: a population-based retrospective matched cohort study.

Background: While testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) survival exceeds 90%, many survivors of adult TGCT are at risk for treatment toxicities. Less is known about physical morbidities in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) with TGCT.

Methods: We used the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario Networked Information System, the Initiative to Maximize Progress in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Therapy, and the Ontario Cancer Registry to identify all CAYA males diagnosed with TGCT from 1992 to 2021 at age 11-21 years in Ontario, Canada.