Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Sonali chicken meat in Bangladesh.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health concern, with contamination of poultry meat by multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) posing serious risks to food safety and public health. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and characterize the multidrug-resistant E.

Copper, cadmium, and zinc trigger multifaceted effects and interactions on cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species production in rainbow trout.

Mitochondria are key intracellular targets and mediators of metals toxicity. We probed the effects of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and their binary mixtures on mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, HO) emission in permeabilized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cardiac fibers. Mitochondria were fueled with glutamate-malate in state 2 (LEAK) and state 3 (OXPHOS) conditions and exposed to the metals singly and in binary combinations.

Dynamics and impacts of staphylococcal intramammary infections during dairy cows' nonlactating periods.

Staphylococcal species are frequently isolated from dairy cows milk and are a very common cause of intramammary infections (IMI). First lactation cows may already have an IMI at calving, and these may be acquired during different stages of their development. Moreover, the dry period is another critical "nonlactating" period regarding the acquisition of new IMI, and these may persist until calving.

Induction of Trained Immunity in Broiler Chickens by Combination of Delivery of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Motifs and Intrapulmonary Delivery of a Live Vaccine at Hatch to Protect Against Septicemia Later in the Grow-Out Period.

Bacterial infections such as and necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by (CP) are responsible for significant economic losses in the broiler chicken industry. Our previous studies have involved trying to develop alternatives to antimicrobials and immunoprotective agents to such pathogens. Previously, we demonstrated that delivery of a single dose of oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine motifs (CpG-ODN) can promote antimicrobial immunity against yolk sac infections caused by and by enriching immune compartments and activating immune cells.

Spatiotemporal reconstruction of the North American A(H5N1) outbreak reveals successive lineage replacements by descendant reassortants.

The November 2021 introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.

The Dynamic Connection Layer (DCL): Enhancing Topological Representation in Chemical Graph Neural Networks.

In graphical-based chemistry machine learning (ML) models, a precise atomic correlation depiction, known as molecular topology, can significantly increase the model's performance. However, owing to the high acquisition cost, existing chemical graph data often use chemical bonds or atomic distances as molecular topology proxies. Such approximation, though practical, inevitably introduces inaccurate information that amplifies the learning difficulty of models and ultimately detracts from their performance.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira Hardjo among commercial dairy cattle farms of Rupandehi district, Nepal.

Background: Nepal relies on an agrarian-based economy, with the livestock sector contributing significantly to the national GDP. However, diseases like leptospirosis negatively impact cattle production and pose significant zoonotic risks. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the risk factors of leptospirosis in cattle in Nepal.

Network analysis of farmed Atlantic salmon movements in British Columbia, Canada.

An inherent issue to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture production is the possible transmission of infectious pathogens due to the transportation of live fish. This study employed network analysis to model the contribution of Atlantic salmon transfers to the spread of pathogens. We used a publicly available salmon transfer dataset covering the period 2015-2022.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of biomass-derived N-doped carbon dots for metal ion sensing.

Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant research interest for environmental monitoring applications thanks to their cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Using eco-friendly biowastes as precursors for CDs production offers an alternative to expensive and unsustainable inorganic and chemically synthesized CDs. This study presents the findings regarding the successful synthesis of biomass-based nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via a rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted method.

"This is my why." Exploring the concept of meaningful work in early-career veterinarians across Canada.

Introduction: The veterinary profession is marked by significant mental health challenges, including stress and burnout, particularly among early-career veterinarians. Positive psychology highlights the importance of meaningful work as a pathway to enhance well-being (e.g.

Metabarcoding Reveals a Potentially Undescribed Columnaris-Causing Bacterium in Peracute Skin Disease of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum).

Columnaris-causing bacteria (CCB) represent a group of four Flavobacterium species, previously classified under Flavobacterium columnaris, causing a threatening condition in salmonid farming characterised by cutaneous and gill lesions, commonly referred to as 'saddleback disease'. A peracute skin disease outbreak with high mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Northern Italy was investigated. The disease presented with skin discoloration and scale lifting without internal organ abnormalities, leading to a weekly cumulative mortality of up to 80%.

Valorization of red mud and biomass waste via pre-pyrolysis activation for high-performance magnetic biochar in heavy metal remediation.

Heavy metal contamination of water remains a critical environmental challenge, demanding efficient, low-cost, and sustainable treatment technologies. This study presents an innovative strategy to address both wastewater pollution and industrial waste disposal by converting red mud (RM), a hazardous byproduct of aluminum production, and maple wood (MW) biomass into magnetic biochar (MBC) adsorbents. Unlike traditional post-pyrolysis biochar (BC) activation methods, a novel pre-pyrolysis biomass chemical activation approach was employed using acid (HNO) and base (KOH) to tailor the surface properties of the biomass-RM mixture prior to co-pyrolysis.

Recognizing the Health Benefits of Plant-Sourced Omega-3 Stearidonic Acid: Exploring Its Complementary Role to Preformed EPA/DHA.

Very-long chain (VLC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are crucial for optimal development, healthy aging, and disease management. Traditionally sourced from fatty fish, these omega-3 PUFAs face sustainability challenges, prompting increased exploration of plant-based alternatives, such as stearidonic acid (SDA). Recent studies highlight the efficient conversion of SDA to EPA, meaning that SDA may offer similar health benefits to EPA, including immune, joint, cognitive, and gut microbiome modulation (with distinct SDA-derived metabolites).

Tracheal collapse rates in Kenyan working cart and pack donkeys.

Background: Donkeys (Equus asinus) in East Africa are recognised as working with poorly designed harnesses and carts. The donkey cart used in regions of Africa, specifically Meru County, Kenya, appears to place the cart's weight solely on the donkey's mid-cervical region. The ventral area of the neck is vulnerable to external pressure on the trachea, which is superficially located.

Lobster Yield Dynamics in a Warming Ocean: A Generalized Linear Modeling Case Study in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

The lobster fishery is the third largest industry in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Atlantic Canada. Rising water temperatures due to global warming are impacting the successful completion of the lobster life cycle, which is heavily dependent on water temperature. This study investigated the relationship between lobster landings and sea surface temperature (SST) in PEI.

Pseudopterosin A-D Modulates Dendritic Cell Activation in Skin Sensitization.

This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of the marine diterpene glycosides pseudopterosin A-D (PsA-D) in mitigating nickel sulfate (NiSO)-induced skin sensitization. In dermal dendritic cell (DDC) surrogates, PsA-D pre-treatment significantly reduced NiSO-induced upregulation of key activation surface markers, cluster of differentiation (CD)54 (~1.2-fold), and CD86 (~1.

Lateralized sleeping positions in domestic cats.

Both vertebrates and invertebrates show a multitude of left-right asymmetries of brains and behaviors. For example, cats, dogs, and many other species have a preferred paw when handling food. But why should humans and other animals have lateralized brains? Based on a large comparative approach, it is likely that asymmetries serve several purposes.

Anomalous Differences Between the Global Lung Function Initiative 2023 and 2012 Spirometry Reference Values.

Background: In 2012, the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) collected a large international database of spirometry measurements in healthy people from which predicted spirometric values were derived based on sex, age, and height for people from 4 different geographic ancestral groups. In 2023, a single set of predicted spirometry values was developed for the entire dataset, designed to be independent of ancestry.

Research Question: What impact do differences in the proportion of participants from the 4 ancestral groups at each age cohort of the GLI database have on differences between predicted values using the 2012 and 2023 equations?

Study Design And Methods: Because 77.

Veterinary Student Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perspectives on Differing Viewpoints Regarding Pain Management After a Role-Play Case Study on Piglet Castration.

Case studies can be valuable tools in veterinary curricula to help students develop critical thinking skills. Little research has investigated how cases can affect student attitudes on complex animal welfare issues. The objectives were to determine if a role-play case on piglet castration would affect veterinary students' (a) ability and confidence in recalling scientific concepts regarding identification and management of pain in animals; (b) attitudes toward pigs, animal pain, and pain management; and (c) self-reflection on different viewpoints on pain and pain management in animals.

Characterisation of the genome and secretome of and .

Pethybr. & Laff. and Pethybr.

Hamartomas of the alimentary tract in dogs: A case series.

Hamartomas are benign proliferations of disorganized tissues normally present in a given site. This study aimed to characterize histopathological features of alimentary tract hamartomas in dogs, focusing on their classification and diagnostic methods. Samples collected from 2 veterinary archives were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT), Gomori, and Luxol fast blue stains.

The Effect of Native Plant Diversity on the Success of Invasive Species in Polluted Soils.

Soil pollution can significantly disrupt native plant communities by weakening native species and giving invasive species a competitive advantage. This study aimed to assess the resistance of native species to invasive species in plant communities with varying species densities, focusing on growth traits and soil properties under the influence of different soil pollutants. Four native experimental communities varying in number of species were established, with each community paired with a distinct invasive species.

Invasion timing affects multiple scales, metrics, and facets of biodiversity outcomes in ecological restoration experiments.

The need to develop optimal restoration protocols for degraded grasslands has led to experimental research aimed at determining how different restoration treatments influence outcomes for biodiversity. The magnitude and direction of diversity responses to restoration treatments may depend on the spatial scale at which diversity is measured (local, regional), the metric of diversity used (Hill numbers), and the facet of diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic) considered. We conducted a long-term factorial experiment in a degraded grassland in Missouri, USA, in which we experimentally applied a regionally appropriate biodiverse seed mixture, added soil nutrients to restore soil fertility, and varied the timing in which the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata entered the community.

The disruption of a symbiotic sea anemone by light pollution: Non-linear effects on zooxanthellae and molecular indicators.

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is a pervasive stressor that may affect coastal organisms, particularly sessile forms associated with photosynthetic symbionts. We examined the effects of ALAN upon the symbiotic snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis)'s relationship with photosynthetic zooxanthellae, as well as molecular indicators of oxidative stress and metabolism. Anemones were exposed to natural daylight/night or either mild or strong ALAN intensities for four weeks, before quantifying zooxanthellae, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, and respiration rates.