Global genetic diversity of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) a scoping review protocol.

Background: Infectious salmon anemia virus is one of the most important pathogens responsible for causing infectious salmon anemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Following its first emergence in 1980s in Norway, it has been reported in several salmon producing countries worldwide, with new variants frequently reported. These variants mostly exhibit differences in segments 5 and 6 of the genome, which contribute to the genetic diversity and variability in virulence.

Potato post-dormancy sprouting: a problem during storage and its control by essential oils as alternatives to artifact chemicals - a review.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the staple food crops grown in most of the world. Potato being one of the major crops in Canada, potato processing is of utmost interest to the food industry.

Monkeypox virus transcriptional profiles and host responses in skin lesion swabs among individuals with HIV.

Background: Mpox, caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), remains a global health concern with nearly half of all cases occurring among individuals living with HIV. While recent studies have advanced our understanding of poxvirus pathogenesis, the molecular effects of mpox and HIV co-infection are still poorly understood. This study uses dual RNA sequencing to characterize host and viral gene expression in skin lesion swabs from people with mpox, including individuals with and without HIV.

A qualitative exploration of the emotional experiences and applications of emotional intelligence in early-career veterinarians.

Background: Mental distress is a persistent and growing concern in the veterinary profession. The early-career period has been shown to be particularly challenging, which may threaten the longevity of the veterinarian's career. The highly emotional nature of veterinary work has been suggested to contribute to poor mental wellbeing.

Marburg and Kasokero viruses elicit differential antiviral innate immune control by their natural reservoir bat, the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus).

To investigate the antiviral innate immune responses of natural reservoir bats, we conducted a histopathological analysis of Egyptian rousettes (Rousettus aegyptiacus) experimentally infected with either of two divergent RNA viruses they naturally host, Marburg virus (MARV; family Filoviridae) and Kasokero virus (KASV; family Nairoviridae). Bats were serially euthanized at similar post-infection time points and tissue-based analyses focused on the liver, the primary target for both viruses. At 3 days post-infection (DPI), in situ hybridization (ISH) signal for replicating MARV was 300x less evident than that of KASV, with little immune cell recruitment and localized interferon (IFN)-stimulated responses suggesting a tendency towards superb virus replication control and non-cytolytic viral clearance.

Uncovering the wider impact of COVID-19 public health measures on the lives of children with complex care needs and their families in the Canadian Maritimes: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in rapid change across all sectors, including healthcare and education, as necessary public health measures (PHM) were implemented to protect the public. Children with complex care needs (CCCN) use health and specialised education services at a higher rate than the general paediatric population and were disproportionately affected by these changes. The current study aimed to explore the wider impacts of COVID-19 PHM on CCCN and their families in the Maritime provinces of Canada.

Toward carbon mitigation resiliency in the agriculture sector: An integrated LCA-GHG protocol-IPCC guidelines framework for biofertilizer application in paddy field.

The agriculture sector contributes 22 % of global greenhouse gas emissions, with fertilizers accounting for 10.6 % of that portion. To reduce this, biofertilizers can be employed due to their lower emissions throughout production and application.

Local inflammation at the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) attachment site contributes to copepodid rejection in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

The study investigates the susceptibility of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Pacific salmon species (pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch; and chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta) to the parasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). The research had two main objectives: to characterize the morphology of the scaly skin in four salmonid species and to compare the cellular response at the louse attachment site in coho salmon and Atlantic salmon. Three consecutive challenge trials were conducted, with successful louse infestation only achieved across all four species in the third trial using mild anesthesia with tricaine methanesulfonate.

Benchmarking hydration, navel health, and transfer of passive immunity in surplus dairy calves.

Surplus dairy calves, or calves that are not used to replace the milking herd, are often sold within the first week of life and can sometimes receive suboptimal early-life care. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of delivering benchmarking reports to source dairy farms on the health of subsequent surplus calf cohorts. Briefly, 10 farms were first blocked by herd size category, and within each block, farms were alternately assigned to intervention and control in descending order of the previously measured proportion of calves with adequate passive transfer immunity (i.

Effect of Multi-Nutrient Milk Fortification on Preterm Neonate Outcomes: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Optimal feeding regimens for preterm neonates, including the role of multi-nutrient fortification, are unknown, leading to large practice variation in comparing different feeding regimens that include fortification and their impact on outcomes for preterm infants. Using a network meta-analyses design, two reviewers independently extracted data. A Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL search was conducted for all studies published up to 27 June 2023.

Local nutrient addition drives plant diversity losses but not biotic homogenization in global grasslands.

Nutrient enrichment typically causes local plant diversity declines. A common but untested expectation is that nutrient enrichment also reduces variation in nutrient conditions among localities and selects for a smaller pool of species, causing greater diversity declines at larger than local scales and thus biotic homogenization. Here we apply a framework that links changes in species richness across scales to changes in the numbers of spatially restricted and widespread species for a standardized nutrient addition experiment across 72 grasslands on six continents.

Elevated butyric acid and histamine in feces and serum as an indicator of onset of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

Background: (CP) induced necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically significant intestinal disease of broiler chickens. Identifying potential biological markers during the development of NE might facilitate early disease control measures. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the metabolites and metabolic pathways changes associated with the onset of NE in serum and feces of CP-infected broiler chickens.

Prevalence and sequence of chronic conditions in older people with dementia: a multi-province, population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Comorbid chronic conditions contribute to increased health service use and poor outcomes for people with dementia, but there is little information about the prevalence of these conditions in this population.

Methods: We used linked administrative data from British Columbia (BC), Ontario (ON), Quebec (QC) and Prince Edward Island (PE) to identify a cohort of 287 453 individuals aged 65 years and older with prevalent dementia in April 2015, and followed this population until March 2020. We determined the prevalence of comorbid chronic conditions and ascertainment dates using Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System definitions, and used descriptive statistics to compare patterns across provinces.

One Health study of mobile colistin resistance () in in Canada, 2017-2022.

Unlabelled: Colistin is a last-resort treatment for highly drug-resistant bacterial infections. Of 47,184 isolates collected from 2017 to 2022 in Canada from human and animal/food sources, mobile colistin resistance () variants conferring colistin resistance were detected exclusively in humans ( = 15). These variants were -1.

Perceived barriers of dairy producers to the adoption of selective antimicrobial therapies for nonsevere clinical mastitis and at dry-off in dairy cattle: A focus group study in Ontario, Canada.

Prudent antimicrobial use (AMU) in the dairy industry is crucial as it affects animal health and welfare and could help to slow the development of antimicrobial resistance. There is a need to adopt selective AMU. However, the barriers to adoption of selective antimicrobial use for the management of mastitis and dry-off are not adequately described.

Population Genetics of Atlantic Salmon () in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Atlantic salmon () have experienced population declines across their native range. Widespread stocking has been a population recovery strategy, but there is a growing awareness that stocking may put genetic integrity at risk. In Prince Edward Island, Canada, over 37 million salmon have been stocked since 1880.

Transforming healthcare by prioritizing qualitative and quantitative clinical trial evidence: evaluating the Aging, Community and Health Research Unit's Community Partnership Program for Older Adults (ACHRU-CPP).

Background: This study aimed to test the effectiveness and implementation of a complex integrated care intervention for older adults. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data, which is recommended in evaluating complex interventions to gain a comprehensive understanding of key success factors. Often, congruence is sought and considered desirable when integrating the findings from both data types.

PCFT-Independent Cellular Uptake of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Conjugated Folic Acid.

Folic acid is an essential component of many metabolic processes, including the synthesis of nucleoproteins, purines, and pyrimidines, and is a recommended supplement to lower the incidence of various disorders. Folic acid and folate-loaded nanoparticles are extensively evaluated for sustained release and enhanced stability of the molecule; however, malfunctioning of proton-coupled folate transporters (PCFTs) present on the intestinal cells and subsequent folate deficiency remain a major issue in this context. This study provides the first demonstration where cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated folic acid mediates PCFT-independent folic acid permeabilization and intracellular bioavailability in vitro in the intestinal cells and macrophages.

Occurrence of pregnancy losses within the same lactation in grazing dairy cows.

The study aimed to describe pregnancy losses within the same lactation in a large commercial dairy herd in Argentina. A retrospective study was completed using 25,019 lactation records from 11,263 cows with at least 1 artificial insemination-declared pregnant (AIDP) by ultrasound at 28 to 42 d post AI. Each AIDP was identified according to the corresponding parity number, which was sequentially numbered and related to a pregnancy number within the same lactation.

Unveiling diverse solitons in the quintic perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov model via a modified extended mapping method.

The quintic perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, a non-linear model in optics and quantum field theory, describes the propagation of optical pulses in nonlinear media with quintic nonlinearity and perturbation effects. This study aims to derive exact traveling wave solutions for the quintic perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation using the modified extended mapping method. The method efficiently generates a broad spectrum of solutions, including bright, dark, periodic, singular periodic, hyperbolic, plane, Weierstrass, and Jacobi elliptic forms, extending the known solution space.

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Rhadinorhynchus nudus (Harada, 1938) (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from Euthynnus affinis (Scombridae) in the Persian Gulf off Iran.

Acanthocephalans collected from the stomach of the mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis Cantor) in the Persian Gulf off Iran were identified as Neorhadinorhynchus nudus Harada, 1938 based on morphological characters and molecular sequence data from mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (small and large subunit ribosomal DNA, 18S and 28S rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses of the order Echinorhynchida Southwell & Macfie, 1925 were performed based on the concatenated (18S+28S+COI) sequence data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The results showed that N.

Veterinary Students' Perspectives on Their Relationship with Animals Used in Veterinary Education.

Some veterinary colleges still use live animals to teach veterinary students clinical skills. However, there is a lack of literature understanding veterinary students' perspectives on the use of animals in their education. Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed to explore (1) how the perceived quality of life of animals used for teaching affected veterinary students' learning and emotional well-being and (2) how student emotional well-being affected the care they provided for animals used for teaching.

Problematic anger in a treatment-seeking Canadian veteran population: Prevalence, assessment, and treatment implications.

Anger is a natural, adaptive emotion that is culturally accepted in military settings. Problematic anger (i.e.

Transcriptomic characterization of transitioning cell types in the skin of Atlantic salmon.

Background: The skin maintains the body's integrity and serves as the first line of defence against pathogens, stressors and mechanical injuries. Despite the global significance of salmon in aquaculture, how the transcriptomic profile of cells varies during wound healing remains unexplored. Teleost's skin contains adult pluripotent cells that differentiate into various tissues, including bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, adipose, dermis, muscle and connective tissue within the skin.