Making waves: Transforming biofilm-based wastewater treatment using machine learning-driven real-time monitoring.

Biofilm-mediated processes hold significant promise for sustainable and effective wastewater treatment. However, their widespread adoption remains constrained by the complexity of biofilm dynamics and the lack of effective real-time monitoring tools. Existing approaches often rely on indirect measurements or disruptive sampling, offering limited insight into the dynamic nature of these systems.

Negative experiences of breastfeeding beyond the infancy age of one year in public - a deductive content analysis of a cross-sectional global sample.

Background: The global recommendations of continuing breastfeeding for two years and beyond are not being realised. Barriers to breastfeeding beyond the infancy age of one year continue to be seen globally despite the recognition that facilitating it could prevent 823,000 child and 98,000 parent deaths every year. The visibility of breastfeeding in public, particularly for those who continue to breastfeed, is thought to be reducing and this in turn impacts public acceptability.

In silico evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry neck proteins (TgRONs) for potential immunogenic epitopes.

This immunoinformatics-based study utilized a suite of online predictive tools to characterize the structural and immunogenic properties of rhoptry neck proteins (TgRONs). Full-length amino acid sequences of TgRON2, TgRON4, TgRON4L1, TgRON5, TgRON8, TgRON9, TgRON10, and TgRON13 were retrieved from ToxoDB and subjected to comprehensive analysis. Except for TgRON4L1, all proteins were predicted to be possess antigenic potential, with none identified as allergenic.

Correction: The auditory outcomes in non-blast related traumatic brain injury and the role of severity, aetiology and gender: a scoping review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2025.

Diagnostic status influences rapport and communicative behaviours in dyadic interactions between autistic and non-autistic people.

A growing body of research suggests that the behaviours and experiences of autistic and non-autistic people are influenced by whether they are interacting with someone of the same or different diagnostic status. However, little is known about the relationship between these behaviours and the experiences of rapport in matched and mixed neurotype dyads. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, our pre-registered analyses examine how participants' and their partners' diagnostic statuses influence linguistic, behavioural, and kinematic indices, and how these relate to feelings of rapport among autistic and (n = 57; 17 self-diagnosed) non-autistic (n = 51) participants interacting within autistic (n = 20), non-autistic (n = 17), and mixed autistic-non-autistic (n = 17) dyads.

Adaptation of the WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic classification to support national antimicrobial stewardship priorities in the UK: findings from a modified Delphi approach to achieve expert consensus.

Objectives: In 2017, the WHO introduced the AWaRe (ccess, tch and serve) classification of antibiotics to support antibiotic stewardship (AMS) at local, national and global levels. We assessed the categorization of each of the antibiotics for systemic use for antimicrobial stewardship and quality improvement practice across primary and secondary care in the UK, proposing a nationally adapted UK-AWaRe classification.

Methods: A four-stage modified Delphi survey was conducted to review the AWaRe classifications in light of antibiotic resistance profiles, antibiotic use and stewardship practice in the UK.

Prolonging Medical Procedures to Exploit the Peak-End Rule: An Ethical Analysis.

Introduction: The Peak-End Rule (PER) impacts how individuals remember events: experiences are primarily remembered according to the emotions associated with the experience's most intense moment (the peak) and those associated with its end (the end). The potential utility of exploiting the PER for improving patients' willingness to repeat unpleasant but medically useful procedures in the future has been demonstrated.

Methods: This paper conducts an analysis of the ethical issues surrounding the prolongation of medical procedures to exploit the PER.

Chronic Diseases Related to Diet and/or Nutrition in Patients With an Ileostomy - A Scoping Review.

Aim: Ileostomy formation alters bowel function and is associated with changes that could lead to the development of chronic diseases. The literature on these diseases has not previously been summarised and specific guidelines on their management are absent. This scoping review aimed to explore the extent and type of literature examining such diseases.

Liquid Hydrolyzed Fish Protein (Anchovy) in the Canine Diet: A Focus on Gut Fermentation and Fecal Quality.

Hydrolyzed protein is increasingly used in pet food, especially for animals with adverse reactions to food or gastrointestinal issues. This randomized, double-blind controlled trial evaluated the effects of a diet containing hydrolyzed anchovy protein on the gut health of healthy adult West Highland white terriers (5 males, 25 females; 5.6-9 kg).

The Effects of Protein Nutrition on Muscle Function in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: owing to altered protein metabolism during critical illness, skeletal muscles are utilised as a source of protein, with subsequent debilitating effects on both muscle structure and function. Protein nutrition has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in critically unwell patients; however, the impact on muscle function is less established. Therefore, the aim of this review was to systematically determine the effect of protein dose on skeletal muscle strength in critically ill patients.

Prebiotic Xylo-Oligosaccharides Modulate the Gut Microbiome to Improve Innate Immunity and Gut Barrier Function and Enhance Performance in Piglets Experiencing Post-Weaning Diarrhoea.

During commercial pig production, weaning is a major stressor that disrupts the gut microbiome, compromises intestinal barrier integrity, and increases the susceptibility of piglets to pathogens. This often results in post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), leading to growth retardation, morbidity, and economic loss. This study investigated the effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of 216 piglets with naturally occurring PWD.

Study on the Adaptability of FBG Sensors Encapsulated in CNT-Modified Gel Material for Asphalt Pavement.

To prolong the service life of asphalt pavement and reduce its maintenance cost, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor encapsulated in carboxylated carbon nanotube (CNT-COOH)-modified gel material suitable for strain monitoring of asphalt pavement was developed. Through tensile and bending tests, the effects of carboxylated carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of gel materials under different dosages were evaluated and the optimal dosage of carbon nanotubes was determined. Infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to compare and analyze the infrared spectra and microstructure of carbon nanotubes before and after carboxyl functionalization and modified gel materials.

Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Music Interventions in Care Homes for People with Dementia and Depression: Process Evaluation Results of the Multinational Cluster-Randomized MIDDEL Trial.

A process evaluation was embedded in the multinational Music Interventions for Dementia and Depression in ELderly care (MIDDEL) trial to better understand barriers and facilitators for implementing music-based interventions (MBIs). Stakeholders from 66 care home units across 5 countries completed a survey at baseline ( = 229) and after a six-month intervention period ( = 101), comparing expectations and experiences between countries, intervention groups, and stakeholders. MBIs were evaluated and found to be relevant and feasible.

Elucidating tissue and subcellular specificity of the entire SUMO network reveals how stress responses are fine-tuned in a eukaryote.

SUMOylation is essential in plant and animal cells, but it remains unknown how small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) components act in concert to modify specific targets in response to environmental stresses. In this study, we characterize every SUMO component in the root to create a complete SUMO Cell Atlas in eukaryotes. This unique resource reveals wide spatial variation, where SUMO proteins and proteases have subfunctionalized in both their expression and subcellular localization.

Toxoplasma gondii PPM3H regulates the parasite virulence and modulates host immune and inflammatory responses in mice.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes severe illness in infants infected during pregnancy and in immunocompromised individuals. This parasite manipulates host cells through effector proteins that promote its survival and replication. While the phosphatases in the PP2C family have been shown to regulate host immune responses and contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of various pathogens, the specific biological functions of PPM3H in T.

A randomised controlled clinical and cost effectiveness trial of an online integrated bipolar parenting intervention (IBPI) compared to treatment as usual in improving child emotional and behavioural outcomes: a study protocol.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental health problem linked to substantial personal and social costs. Many individuals living with bipolar disorder are parents. Due to the nature of the condition, parents with BD often experience challenges in delivering consistent parenting.

Metagenomic analysis of vitamins B and K biosynthesis in chicken gut microbiota across laying periods.

Background: The gut microbiota are crucial for synthesizing vitamins vital for chicken health and production, including vitamins B and K. However, the microbial pathways and temporal dynamics of these vitamins during different laying periods are not well understood, limiting targeted strategies to support poultry health and production. Clarifying these processes is essential for optimizing nutrition and enhancing poultry productivity.

Dent Disease 1 Presented Early with Bartter-Like Syndrome Features and Rickets: A Case Report.

Introduction: Dent disease (DD) is characterized by a triad of low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis. However, some cases were confounded by other clinical symptoms and signs, namely, hypokalemia and rickets, which resulted in misleading diagnoses. A diagnosis of DD could be delayed even in high-resource countries due to its variability of phenotypes and rarity, causing a lack of awareness in both medical practitioners and parents.

Household stress moderates the association between caregiver metacognition and infant sustained attention.

Previous work has shown that caregiver executive functions (EFs) are robustly linked to EFs in children. However, existing evidence has used mixed methods approaches combining questionnaires and experimental tasks in older children. The current study used contextually similar questionnaires to examine whether caregiver EFs were linked to infant EFs, and whether household stress and socioeconomic status moderated these associations.

An 18-Porphyrin Nanoring at the Size Limit for Global Aromaticity.

What is the size limit for global aromaticity? How large can a macrocyclic π-system be and still exhibit an aromatic ring current around its circumference? We address this question by investigating a π-conjugated butadiyne-linked 18-porphyrin nanoring (diameter 8 nm). This nanoring was synthesized by two different strategies: classical template-directed synthesis, using a radial template with 18 pyridyl binding sites, and Vernier templating, using a small hexapyridyl template. Both strategies are effective when the porphyrins have octyloxy side chains, but classical templating is more effective than Vernier templating when the porphyrins have bulky trihexylsilyl substituents.

The contribution of magnocellular selective adaptation to spatial distance compression.

Topographic maps early in visual processing preserve the spatial relations of visual stimuli but the metric relationships between these visual directions is not directly accessible. To investigate the magnocellular pathway's role in metric spatial vision, we employed an adaptation paradigm. Exposure to a 60 Hz flickering disc array (subjectively invisible) induced a systematic compression in the perceived distance between subsequently presented dot pairs.

A pyramid of human ecology of disease for pandemic preparedness.

The emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases and its potential threat to future health security highlights the need to re-examine how we conceptualize the impact of human-environment interactions on health. Traditionally, social scientists, epidemiologists, and ecologists have used the human ecology frameworks to understand disease dynamics, framing health outcomes as the result of interactions between population, habitat, and behaviour. However, they fall short in capturing the fluid, evolving nature of social-biological interactions across time and space particularly during epidemics.