Biologics for novel driver altered non-small cell lung cancer: potential and pitfalls.

Precision medicine has revolutionized clinical paradigm of lung cancer (LC) patients optimizing therapeutical options on the basis of molecular fingerprinting of tumor cells. The advent of the genomic era contributed to the widespread diffusion of sequencing technologies laying the basis for the approval of an increasing number of clinically relevant predictive biomarkers in clinical settings. In the rapidly evolving scenario of predictive biomarkers, mandatory testing genes demonstrated a statistically significant clinical benefit in LC patients elected to molecular tests, but emerging biomarkers are under investigation to raise the bar in the clinical management of LC patients.

Differentiating IL-23 Inhibitors in Crohn's Disease.

Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines, plays a critical role in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therapies targeting the p19 subunit of IL-23 have recently expanded the therapeutic options for IBD demonstrating efficacy and safety for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD). Thus, in this review, we provide an overview of agents targeting the IL-23 pathway in CD, highlighting similarities and differences of specific IL-23 inhibitors.

A Wider Grip: Endoanchors Increase Proximal Sealing Surface during Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

Background: To evaluate how the Heli-FX EndoAnchor system (Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) influences the Real Achieved Sealing Zone (RASZ) compared to Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) with Endurant (Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) alone in a matched and unmatched real-world cohort.

Methods: In a retrospective, single-center study (2015-2022), 221 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm patients underwent Endurant stent graft (Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) placement either alone (n = 190) or with adjunctive Heli-FX EndoAnchors (n = 31). Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography angiography scans were evaluated using a standardized measurement technique (closed-polygon area, center lumen line distances) to quantify the Target Anticipated Sealing Zone (TASZ) and the RASZ.

Identifying Mild Behavioral and Neurocognitive Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (MBNI-ALS) Provides Key Prognostic Insights.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disease encompassing cognitive and behavioral impairments. The Revised Diagnostic Criteria for ALS-frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTDS), while widely adopted, may overlook subtle impairments such as memory and visuospatial deficits, limiting their prognostic value.

Objectives: This study aimed to apply the Mild Behavioral and Neurocognitive Impairment (MBNI) approach, adapted from other neurodegenerative diseases, to ALS patients and assess its prognostic utility for survival and disease progression.

The growing field of liquid biopsy and its Snowball effect on reshaping cancer management.

Liquid biopsy (LB) has emerged as a transformative tool in oncology, providing a minimally invasive approach for tumor detection, molecular characterization, and real-time treatment monitoring. By analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and microRNA (miRNA), LB enables comprehensive tumor profiling without the need for traditional tissue biopsies. Over the past decade, research in this field has expanded exponentially, leading to the integration of LB into clinical practice for specific cancer types, including lung and breast cancer.

Genomics and the early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor survival rates. Early detection significantly improves outcomes, yet current screening methods, such as low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), are limited by high false-positive rates, radiation exposure, and restricted eligibility criteria. This review highlights the transformative potential of genomic and molecular technologies in advancing the early detection of LC.

5-Aminosalicylates for non-surgical patients with active or quiescent Crohn's disease: an overview of systematic reviews (umbrella review).

Background: 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are commonly used in non-surgical patients with Crohn's disease (CD), especially in mild-to-moderate disease, despite current guidelines against their use. Despite this, the evidence regarding their efficacy is mixed, with conflicting findings in systematic reviews (SRs).

Aims: We conducted an overview of reviews (umbrella review) to consolidate existing knowledge from published SRs on using 5-ASAs in patients with active or quiescent CD.

One stage total hip arthroplasty and contralateral hip arthroscopy for bilateral femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis: A clinical trial.

Introduction: The management of cam morphology of FAI associated with osteoarthritis (OA) is debated. However, current surgical indications are becoming obsolete, and hip arthroscopy spreads in different settings. The present clinical trial evaluated the outcome of one-stage unilateral hip arthroscopy and contralateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with bilateral cam deformity associated with labral tears and early and advanced OA stages, respectively.

Jaw motion tracking with open-source tools: A dental technique.

A method is described for the cost-effective tracking of mandibular movements using an open-source software program (Blender v. 4.3; Blender Foundation) in combination with video recordings and intraoral scans.

Perioperative and Mid-Term Oncological and Functional Outcomes After Partial Nephrectomy for Entirely Endophytic Renal Tumors: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study (The RECORD2 Project).

Background And Objectives: Totally endophytic renal tumors are a unique subset that pose significant technical challenges during partial nephrectomy (PN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes of PN in this particular setting.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 4151 patients who had surgical treatment for renal tumors between January 2013 and December 2016 at 26 urological Italian Centers (RECORD 2 project).

AI-Enabled IoT for Food Computing: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions.

Food computing refers to the integration of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and data-driven approaches, to address various challenges in the food sector. It encompasses a wide range of technologies that improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of food systems, from production to consumption. It represents a transformative approach to addressing challenges in the food sector by integrating AI, the IoT, and data-driven methodologies.

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for the development of the International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders-European Chapter (IFSO-EC) guidelines on multimodal strategies for the surgical treatment of obesity.

Background: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) in addition to one or more treatment interventions for obesity (i.e., lifestyle structured interventions-LSI, medical therapy-MT, obesity management medication-OMM or endobariatric procedures-EP) are lacking.

The structural and organizational aspects of human papillomavirus vaccine affecting immunization coverage in Europe: a systematic review.

The introduction of HPV vaccinations, that can prevent most prevalent HPV-related cancers of various body districts, is a public health milestone. Despite broad immunization programs, European Health Systems face structural and organizational difficulties that hinder care. This study examined structural and organizational elements that may affect HPV vaccine coverage.

Awareness, burden and treatment of uterine fibroids: a web-based Italian survey.

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and one of the leading causes of hysterectomy in Italy. This survey aimed to report how Italian women perceive and approach UFs, in order to raise healthcare professionals (HCPs)', institutions' and women's awareness of UFs and their treatment options. 1508 Italian women aged 30-50 years completed a web-based survey, answering a structured questionnaire focused on UF prevalence, symptomatology and impact, management and awareness.

Prasugrel Intermediate Metabolite Modulates Platelet Inhibition by Negatively Interfering With an Active Metabolite: An Ex Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Study.

Background: Prasugrel is converted into prasugrel active metabolite (PAM; R-138727) through the cytochrome P450-mediated conversion of an intermediate metabolite (PIM; R-95913). It is unknown whether PIM exerts any biological function. The FABOLUS-FASTER trial (Facilitation Through Aggrastat or Cangrelor Bolus and Infusion Over Prasugrel: A Multicenter Randomized Open-Label Trial in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Referred for Primary Percutaneous Intervention) showed that chewed prasugrel does not improve bioactivity, in spite of accelerated PAM kinetics.

Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction assessed by global longitudinal strain correlates with mild cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients.

Prevention of dementia represents a public health priority. Hypertension is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor to progressive dementia. A great effort is underway to develop accurate and sensitive tools to detect the MCI condition in hypertensive patients.

Barriers for access and utilization of dementia care services in Europe: a systematic review.

Background: Dementia is a group of chronic diseases characterised by cognitive impairment that progressively disrupts daily functioning and requires increasing levels of healthcare, social support, and long-term care. Support for people with dementia can be provided by formal support systems although most of the care process relies upon informal care givers. Despite the availability of formal support systems and healthcare workers, the utilization of dementia care services remains suboptimal.

Reducing diagnostic delays of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: a comparative study of a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic versus conventional referral specialists.

Background: Managing extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients remains challenging due to considerable heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the lack of a standardised definition and validated diagnostic pathways. Delays in recognising and treating EIMs can lead to significant disease progression. Therefore, early detection and treatment are crucial.

New perspectives on inoperable early-stage lung cancer management: Clinicians, physicists, and biologists unveil strategies and insights.

This work provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of lung cancer, emphasizing the global significance of the disease and the challenges associated with its diagnosis and treatment. The authors highlight the prevalence of lung cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCC) being the predominant histological subtypes. Advanced-stage diagnosis is common due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease, leading to a systemic treatment approach involving chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Comparative Analysis of Tunicate vs. Plant-Based Cellulose in Chitosan Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration.

A novel hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration based on chitosan, selected for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties, was covalently functionalized with a bioactive peptide from bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to guide osteoblast growth and proliferation. This study evaluates the impact of incorporating different concentrations (8, 16, or 24% /) of plant-based micro-fibrillated cellulose or tunicate nanocellulose to improve the mechanical and biological properties of peptide-grafted chitosan hydrogel matrices. While the mechanical properties of the matrices increase with increasing cellulose content, regardless of its source, the behavior of human osteoblasts used in biological tests discriminates between the two types of cellulose and shows better results (proliferation at 2 and 7 days, and mineralization) for the enrichment with tunicate cellulose.

Artificial intelligence to revolutionize IBD clinical trials: a comprehensive review.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has potential to be transformative to the field. This article explores how AI-driven technologies, including machine learning (ML), natural language processing, and predictive analytics, have the potential to enhance important aspects of IBD trials-from patient recruitment and trial design to data analysis and personalized treatment strategies. As AI advances, it has potential to improve long-standing challenges in trial efficiency, accuracy, and personalization with the goal of accelerating the discovery of novel therapies and improve outcomes for people living with IBD.

Therapeutic approach to fibromyalgia: a consensus statement on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment from the neuropathic pain special interest group of the Italian neurological society.

Background: Although fibromyalgia is a disabling disease, there is no targeted therapy for specific neurotransmitters or inflammatory mediators. Our aim was to provide neurologists with practical guidance for the management of these difficult patients based on a critical, narrative and non-systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the last 10 years.

Methods: The members of the Special Interest Group Neuropathic Pain of the Italian Neurological Society evaluated the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the last 10 years and answered questions that allow a consensus on the main pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.