Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth Physiology, Yield Quality, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Rate of in Pots.

is a medicinal and ornamental herbaceous plant with significant economic value, as its tuberous roots are used for medicinal purposes. However, the current production of medicinal plants is characterized by wasteful use of resources and ecological risks caused by the unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizers. In this study, based on uniform application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, six nitrogen application levels were set in pot experiments (expressed as N): N0: 0 kg/ha, N1: 208.

The prognostic role of HPV status in penile squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy that can present as either Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated or HPV-independent. Currently, there is no consensus on the prognostic value of HPV status in PSCC or its role in guiding treatment strategies. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to assess the impact of different methods of determining HPV status on cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with PSCC.

Efficacy of Advanced Therapies in Achieving Remission by Disease Location in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: We compared the efficacy of different advanced therapies by disease location in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Through a systematic review, we identified 14 randomized controlled trials in 3139 patients with moderate-to-severe CD who were treated with different advanced therapies vs placebo, and reported efficacy in inducing clinical remission, stratified by disease location (isolated colonic vs ileal disease, excluding ileocolonic disease). We grouped advanced therapies based on the primary mechanism of action: anti-interleukins, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK inhibitors), anti-integrins, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists.

Scoring indices for assessing endoscopic disease activity in acute severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Endoscopy is important for assessing disease severity and potentially predicting treatment response in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). We aimed to identify and determine the operating properties of existing endoscopic indices/items used to assess disease activity in ASUC.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from database inception to 17 April 2024 to identify individual items and scoring indices used to evaluate endoscopic disease activity in patients with ASUC.

Optimizing the Use of Deceased Donor Kidneys at Risk of Discard: A Clinical Practice Guideline.

Underutilization of deceased donor organs has worsened the gap in the number of kidneys available for transplantation. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to provide recommendations on the utilization of donor kidneys at risk of discard. Six conditional recommendations were made all with very low certainty of evidence: 1) We suggest utilizing extended criteria donor (ECD) kidneys for transplantation rather than remaining on the wait list and continuing with dialysis; 2) We suggest utilizing kidneys from ECD versus non-ECD in selected transplant candidates; 3) We suggest that organs from older kidney donors can be used in selected transplant candidates who may derive benefit from them; 4) We suggest that kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury can be used for transplantation based on clinician assessment and donor factors; 5) We suggest that donor kidneys with acute kidney injury from either ECD or non-ECD be used for kidney transplantation; 6) We suggest using kidneys from donors after death determination by circulatory criteria for transplantation.

Update and summary of the EAU/ESPU paediatric guidelines on urinary tract infection in children.

Background And Objective: These guidelines aim to provide a practical approach for both diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections (UTI).

Objective: To highlight 2025 update of the Guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) on UTI in children.

Methods: A structured literature review was performed for all relevant litterature from the last update (2021) up to 20th February 2024.

Effectiveness and Safety of Advanced Combination Treatment in Patients With Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Concomitant Immune-Mediated Disease or Extraintestinal Manifestations: A Multicenter Canadian Study.

Introduction: Owing to the therapeutic ceiling associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies, some patients may require 2 advanced therapeutic agents, known as advanced combination treatment (ACT) to control disease or treat associated extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs).

Methods: We included adult patients with IBD from 9 Canadian centers treated with either 2 biological therapies, a biological plus an oral small molecule, or 2 small molecules. Indications for ACT were the following: (i) refractory IBD, (ii) uncontrolled immune mediated diseases, and (iii) uncontrolled EIMs.

Computer-aided diagnosis for colorectal polyp in comparison with endoscopists: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) is anticipated to enhance the prediction of colorectal polyp histology. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CADx in the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps, evaluating its performance against that of both experienced and inexperienced endoscopists.

Methods: The protocol of this study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42024585097).

Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Testicular Torsion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy.

Background And Objective: Uncertainty regarding the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for testicular torsion (TT) and a lack of high-level evidence to inform international guidelines have led to significant global variation in its use. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for TT.

Methods: This systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Medical Therapy for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of medical treatments for ASUC.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched to November 14, 2024 for randomized controlled trials (placebo or active comparator), and comparative cohort studies that evaluated medical therapies for hospitalized adults with ASUC.

The Effectiveness of Medical Therapies for Joint, Skin and Eye Extraintestinal Manifestations in IBD-An Umbrella Review.

Background: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) occur commonly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting joints, skin, eyes and other organs, and contributing to morbidity and long-term disability.

Aims: To synthesise evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) on the effectiveness and safety of medical treatments for IBD EIMs in IBD of joints, skin and eyes.

Methods: For this umbrella review, we searched three databases for relevant SRs published until May 30, 2024.

Spatial mapping and geographic variation of inflammatory bowel disease in Canada: a population-based study.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges to healthcare systems, with rising prevalence globally. To address challenges of health resource allocation and understand the geographic distribution of disease in Canada, we explored spatial mapping of IBD across Canada.

Methods: Data from 2009 to 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey identified individuals with IBD.

Differentiating IL-23 Inhibitors in Crohn's Disease.

Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines, plays a critical role in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therapies targeting the p19 subunit of IL-23 have recently expanded the therapeutic options for IBD demonstrating efficacy and safety for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD). Thus, in this review, we provide an overview of agents targeting the IL-23 pathway in CD, highlighting similarities and differences of specific IL-23 inhibitors.

Managing Preoperative Anxiety and Thromboprophylaxis in Children Undergoing Urological Procedures: An Update of the European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines on Paediatric Urology.

Context: The literature on preventative measures against anxiety and antithrombotic management in children undergoing urological procedures is still limited, resulting in a generally low level of evidence. These guidelines aim to provide a practical approach based on a consensus from the European Association of Urology (EAU)/European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) Paediatric Urology Guidelines Panel.

Objective: The authors aim to provide the 2024 EAU/ESPU Paediatric Urology Guidelines Panel update of the chapter on perioperative management of urological procedures in children.

5-Aminosalicylates for non-surgical patients with active or quiescent Crohn's disease: an overview of systematic reviews (umbrella review).

Background: 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are commonly used in non-surgical patients with Crohn's disease (CD), especially in mild-to-moderate disease, despite current guidelines against their use. Despite this, the evidence regarding their efficacy is mixed, with conflicting findings in systematic reviews (SRs).

Aims: We conducted an overview of reviews (umbrella review) to consolidate existing knowledge from published SRs on using 5-ASAs in patients with active or quiescent CD.

Prevalence and risk factors for lymph node metastasis in duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although the status of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial in determining treatment strategy for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (D-NETs), robust evidence for their potential LNM risk remains lacking. This systematic review aimed to summarize the prevalence and risk factors of LNM in D-NETs.

Methods: This systematic review of electronic databases identified eligible case-control and cohort studies for D-NET resected either endoscopically or surgically, published from 1990 to 2023.

Type 2 and type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumors have high risk of lymph node metastasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial in determining treatment strategies for gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). While type 3 is considered more aggressive than types 1 and 2 within the clinical subtype of gNETs, the supporting data were insufficient, due to their rarity. We aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors associated with LNM in gNETs.

European Association of Urology-European Society of Paediatric Urology Guidelines on Paediatric Urology: Summary of 2024 Updates. Part II.

Background And Objective: We present a summary of part II of the 2024 update of the European Association of Urology (EAU)/European Society of Paediatric Urology (ESPU) guidelines on paediatric urology. The summary provides evidence-based standards for management of a number of urological conditions in the paediatric population. The aim is to provide practical recommendations for clinical management of these conditions with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Organelle-targeted BODIPY-conjugated platinum(IV) anticancer prodrugs for overcoming drug resistance.

Platinum-based chemotherapy, despite being a cornerstone of cancer treatment, faces significant challenges due to acquired drug resistance. To address this issue, we have designed three organelle-targeting platinum(IV) prodrugs conjugated with BODIPY fluorophores, enabling spatiotemporal control through green light irradiation. These BODIPY-Pt(IV) conjugates exhibit excellent stability in PBS buffer, demonstrating resilience under physiological conditions.

IL-23p19 Antagonists vs Ustekinumab for Treatment of Crohn's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interleukin (IL)-23p19 antagonists with ustekinumab, stratified by prior biologic exposure, in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Through a systematic review through August 17, 2024, we identified phase 2 and 3 RCTs comparing IL-23p19 antagonists vs ustekinumab in adults with moderate-to-severe CD. The primary outcome was achieving clinical remission at ∼1 year, and secondary outcomes were achieving endoscopic remission and serious adverse events.

Definitions, diagnosis, and management of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease patients with permanent ileostomy-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Over 10% of patients with Crohn's disease require permanent ileostomy. We aimed to summarize the existing data on diagnosis, definitions of recurrence, and management of Crohn's disease patients with permanent ileostomy.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to February 6, 2024.

Increasing Rate of Hospitalization for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is an Age-Related Effect: A Canadian Population Study.

Introduction: To understand trends in the risk of all-cause hospitalization for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, we explored age, period, and cohort effects in Canada.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey data from the 2005-2014 Canadian Community Health Survey linked to the Discharge Abstract Database to capture the all-cause hospitalization within 3 years of entry into the study for eligible individuals. Random-effects 2-level models estimated fixed effects for age and random effects for time periods and birth cohorts on the risk of all-cause hospitalization within 3 years entry into the study.