Evaluation of Hospital Implementation of a Mandate to Report Gunshot Wounds to Law Enforcement.

This study examined the implementation of a state law in the southern United States that required hospitals to report gunshot wounds (GSWs) to law enforcement by exploring changes in the proportion of reported GSW cases in a level 1 trauma center. In the first year of implementation, 95.7% of the GSW admissions who arrived via a private vehicle or walked in were reported to law enforcement; this decreased to 71.

Reported use of implementation science theories, models, and frameworks in 151 implementation trials: secondary analysis of a systematic review targeting nursing practice.

Background: Theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) are central to the development and evaluation of implementation strategies supporting evidence-based practice (EBP). However, evidence on how and to what extent TMFs are used in implementation trials remains limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the nature and extent of TMF use in implementation trials, identify which TMFs are most frequently employed, and explore temporal trends in their use.

Physical activity and mobility disability in older adult cancer survivors.

Background: Cancer survivors may be more likely to experience accelerated declines in physical function compared to cancer-free controls, but objective data and knowledge of preventive interventions are limited.

Methods: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study was a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized trial conducted at 8 centers across the United States that enrolled 1635 sedentary adults aged 70-89 years and with physical limitations but who could walk 400 m at baseline, of which 371 (22.7%) reported a history of cancer.

Sociocultural correlates of cervical cancer prevention behaviors among Hispanic/Latina women in the United States.

Background: Hispanic/Latina women in the United States have high rates of cervical cancer and little is known regarding how sociocultural factors might be related to their cervical cancer prevention behaviors.

Purpose: Two studies examined correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation, HPV vaccine completion, ever screening for cervical cancer, and being up to date with screening among screening- and vaccine-eligible Hispanic/Latina women.

Methods: Study 1 examined sociodemographic correlates of these behaviors using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Assessing mitochondrial number and morphology in a C. elegans model of human tauopathy.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a shared hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies among others. Pathological alterations of the microtubule-associated protein Tau can disrupt mitochondrial dynamics, transport, and function, ultimately leading to neuronal toxicity and synaptic deficits. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing therapeutic interventions.

Cannulation of mesenteric lymphatic vessels in a murine model.

Mesentery is a crucial part of an animal's digestive system since it holds the intestine in place, while also contains the specialized lymph nodes and immune cells that help protect the intestines from infections and support the body's immune response in the abdominal cavity. Analyzing mesenteric lymph can help better understand the transport mechanisms and potential implications for various conditions, such as lymphatic disorders or underlying infections. The first step towards this is the precise collection of the mesenteric lymph.

Precise measurement of motor neuron dysfunction in Drosophila ALS model via climbing assay and leg imaging.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and death. While there is a plethora of studies focusing on many aspects of ALS, the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, and effective treatments are scarce. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for studying ALS due to its genetic tractability and its evolutionarily conserved cellular and molecular processes which are also shared between the fly and human.

The microbiome and volatile organic compounds reflecting the state of decomposition in an indoor environment.

Given that a variety of factors can affect the decomposition process, it can be difficult to determine the post-mortem interval (PMI). The process is highly dependent on microbial activity, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a by-product of this activity. Given both have been proposed to assist in PMI determination, a deeper understanding of this relationship is needed.

A simple protocol to improve touch DNA analysis using direct STR amplification.

Traditionally, when processing DNA samples, a multiple-step procedure is followed; after a sample has been collected, DNA is then extracted and quantified before a profile is generated. During the process, valuable DNA can be lost and/or consumed. When processing reference samples, where DNA is usually in abundance, DNA loss may not be a concern for the analysts.

Assessing the impact of green building features on the occupational safety and health of construction workers.

Introduction: The construction industry is known to be among the most dangerous, given the rate of incidents and hazards to workers. However, with the shift from conventional to sustainable construction, green building features introduce new concerns for on-site hazards that put workers at higher risk.

Method: This study conducted a review of existing literature to identify green building features associated with hazards or otherwise having health and safety implications for the construction industry.

Spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of Ohio's enhanced graduated driver's licensing law on teen motor vehicle crashes.

Background: Graduated Driver's Licensing (GDL) policies create an intermediate licensure phase for young novice drivers, and previous studies suggested that they reduce teen motor- vehicle crashes (MVCs). Multiple studies have shown that the effects of GDL laws vary in association with demographic factors and location, motivating estimation of sub-state policy effects. The present study estimates county-level effects of Ohio's 2007 enhanced GDL law on MVCs among 16-17-year-olds.

Safety climate, safety behaviors, and workplace accidents: What are the mechanisms? A multi-level lagged study.

Introduction: Occupational safety is managed by multiple stakeholders at different levels within organizations. Leveraging theory and insights from previous occupational health and safety research, this study formulated and tested hypotheses concerning the interplay between safety climates generated by a team's supervisor and coworkers, workers' individual psychological processes (i.e.

You can't have your cake and eat it too: the paradox of the American public supporting road safety but reluctant to pay the price - evidence from a discrete choice experiment.

Background: An estimated 44,680 people died in motor-vehicle crashes in the United States in 2024. A disproportionate share of these deaths involved young people. In 2023 alone, these crashes cost the U.

Assessing the importance of functional form selection in developing calibration functions for the highway safety manual predictive models.

Introduction: The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) offers crash prediction models for estimating the number and severity of crashes for several facility types. However, since these models were developed using data from selected states within the United States, they should be calibrated when applied to a new jurisdiction. The HSM recommended using a scalar calibration factor to calibrate the prediction models.

Nighttime pedestrian safety in different communities: Application of artificial intelligence techniques.

Introduction: Pedestrian safety is a growing concern in the United States transportation sector, with around 7,500 pedestrian crash fatalities reported in the United States in recent years. Pedestrians are at an even higher risk of crashes at night due to limited visibility and alcohol impairment of the drivers or pedestrians. The U.

Evaluating the impacts of cellphone use policies on cellphone-distracted fatal crashes.

Introduction: Driver distraction is becoming increasingly frequent while driving, with a notable portion of traffic crashes linked to distraction, often due to cellphone use. States have enacted varying levels of policies, including partial and full handheld bans, texting bans, and their combinations to target distracted driving. Existing research is limited in terms of both geographical area and time period, and do not account for whether cellphone distraction contributed directly to crash incidents.

A modern injury risk curve for pedestrian injury in the United States: The combined effects of impact speed and vehicle front-end height.

Objective: Estimating the probability of pedestrian injuries at different impact speeds is important for research and regulatory efforts related to infrastructure and vehicle design. However, a risk curve is only valuable if it is based on crash data that accurately represent the current vehicle fleet. This study, therefore, aimed to provide an updated estimate of pedestrian injury risk at different severity levels using recent crash data from U.

How do motorists' pre-crash behaviors contribute to the injury severity of police officers? Using interpretable machine learning to untangle the behavioral pathways in crashes involving police vehicles.

Introduction: Police officers are integral to enforcing traffic laws and providing assistance to motorists. While performing their duties on the road or roadside, they encounter significant hazards, many of which arise from the negligent or inappropriate behaviors of drivers. Despite the prevalence of these risks, there is a paucity of research specifically examining the outcomes of traffic crashes involving police officers or police vehicles, particularly in relation to the injury severity sustained by police officers in such incidents.

How can teen driver education be enhanced with ADAS training: Stakeholder perspectives.

Introduction: Effective driver education for teen drivers is increasingly important, especially as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) become standard in modern vehicles. This study examines driver education programs in the commonwealth of Massachusetts and explores how they are placed to prepare young drivers to understand and safely use ADAS technologies.

Method: Through a convergent mixed-methods approach, we analyzed thematic data from interviews and surveys of key stakeholders and performed sentiment analysis to capture their concerns and attitudes.

Beyond the conventional: Exploring pedestrian safety on interstates with Bayesian and machine learning models.

Introduction: Despite being prohibited from walking on freeways per federal laws, 14% to 17% of all pedestrian crashes in the United States happen on the interstates. Examining these crashes within the context of the safe systems approach is essential, with an emphasis on mitigating safety risks for all road users. This study investigates the correlates of pedestrian crash injury severity on interstates in North Carolina, focusing on pedestrian actions, roadway conditions, and the type of vehicles involved in the crashes.

The value of occupational health and safety data: Perceptions of current data practices in the fire service.

Objective: Despite growing interest in utilizing firefighter health and safety data to reduce injuries and fatalities, there is little evidence on attitudes towards data. We examined fire service perceptions of data to inform future policies and practices.

Methods: We conducted focus groups and interviews with career firefighters, union representatives, and department leaders in Maryland and Virginia; and interviews with national leaders (March-November 2023).

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bus crash severity.

Unlabelled: Recent research highlights significant shifts in travel patterns, traffic volumes, and safety measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Early findings suggest a nationwide decrease in crashes (22.0%) and injuries (16.

Deciphering the Synchronization of Alternating Current Frequency with the Nickel Catalytic Cycle in Selective C-N Cross-Coupling.

Alternating current (AC) electrolysis offers a promising strategy for modulating redox states in metal-catalyzed reactions, yet its mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover how AC frequency synchronizes with key steps in a Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling cycle to control product selectivity between C-N and C-C coupling. We show that optimal C-N selectivity arises from minimizing the exposure of a key intermediate, Ni(Ar)Br, to reducing conditions that otherwise promote off-cycle Ni species and undesired C-C homocoupling.