Accelerating patient transitions from hospital to home in the United Kingdom with single-use negative pressure wound therapy: a discharge pathway.

Background: Initially limited to inpatient use, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is now frequently used in community settings. However, complexities in wound management step-down strategies in the United Kingdom, including regional variations in referral processes, lack of consensus on funding criteria, and limited availability of NPWT units, have led to extended hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients ready for discharge but still needing NPWT. Single-use NPWT (sNPWT) can serve as a bridge between hospital and community NPWT.

The evolution of penile reconstructive techniques in urology.

The need to enhance the quality of life and functionality of patients with a number of diseases, such as congenital abnormalities, traumas, and gender incongruence, has contributed to a significant development in the field of male genital reconstructive surgery. This article highlights the roots of penile reconstructive surgeries over history, emphasizing innovative achievements that have shaped modern practices. Critical advancements that have improved surgical accuracy and post-operative care are examined, including new imaging modalities, penile prosthesis implantation, and complete phallic reconstruction.

The Accommodation of Excess Charge in Binary Particle Lattices: A Many-Body Electrostatic Study.

Many binary particle lattices are fabricated from charged particles on the assumption that the resultant structure is overall charge neutral. Results presented here from calculations on nine separate particle lattice types show that when both Coulomb and many-body multipole electrostatic interactions are taken into account, a lattice can actually gain stability by accommodating a small excess charge, either positive or negative. This effect arises from an increase in stability due to charge-induced multipole interactions, which serve to counteract destabilizing interactions that arise from repulsive Coulomb forces.

Use of unscheduled care in the last year of life for people with multiple long-term health conditions: a retrospective cohort study of 299,361 decedents.

Background: People living with and dying from multiple long-term health conditions are high users of healthcare services. Unscheduled care, the unplanned use of healthcare services, rises dramatically in the last year of life, likely reflecting unmet needs.

Aim: To characterise Scotland-based decedents with multiple long-term health conditions in their last year of life and explore the relationship between characteristics and unscheduled care usage over that year.

Older Chinese migrants' experiences of remote primary care in England: interview study.

Background: Over the past decade, remote (non-face-to-face) services are being increasingly used in primary care, including interactions through telephone and online platforms. These services bring potential benefits as well as potential barriers for patients. Older migrants are a population that could face intersectional barriers when accessing healthcare; it is important to understand the impact of remote services on them.

Characterization of CNS Network Changes in Two Rodent Models of Chronic Pain.

Neuroimaging in rodents holds promise for advancing our understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms that underlie chronic pain. Employing two established, but pathophysiologically distinct rodent models of chronic pain, the aim of the present study was to characterize chronic pain-related functional changes with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In Experiment 1, we report findings from Lewis rats 3 weeks after Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into the knee joint (n = 16) compared with the controls (n = 14).

Wearable device-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm with mortality risk in patients with cancer.

Objectives: The objectives were to examine the associations between accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm (CRAR), the most prominent circadian rhythm in humans and the risk of mortality from all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with cancer.

Methods: 7456 cancer participants from the UK Biobank were included. All participants wore accelerometers from 2013 to 2015 and were followed up until 24 January 2024, with a median follow-up of 9.

Reported use of implementation science theories, models, and frameworks in 151 implementation trials: secondary analysis of a systematic review targeting nursing practice.

Background: Theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) are central to the development and evaluation of implementation strategies supporting evidence-based practice (EBP). However, evidence on how and to what extent TMFs are used in implementation trials remains limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the nature and extent of TMF use in implementation trials, identify which TMFs are most frequently employed, and explore temporal trends in their use.

Addressing underrepresented homicide and climate data in forensic science: The case for new human taphonomy facilities in tropical regions.

This review explores the geographical distribution of human taphonomy facilities (HTFs) in connection to climate and homicide rates from the 50 most impacted cities worldwide. Existing HTFs depict temperate climates, omitting tropical and arid areas. This underrepresentation impairs accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) estimates and limits the applicability of findings to global contexts.

An evaluation of the ACE-V latent fingerprint examination process in the Indonesian National Police.

This study investigated the implementation of ACE-V (Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification) as the standard protocol for fingerprint examination in the Identification Centre of the Indonesian National Police. An online questionnaire-based survey was developed, and 71 Indonesian fingerprint examiners participated. The results showed significant variation in the sequential steps used during the examination process, suggesting the value of exploring more standardized procedures and improving transparency.

A preliminary survey of ethnic diversity and experience of discrimination in forensic science in the UK.

Bringing in diverse people to a scientific workplace can result in many different benefits including improved innovation and impact. This study investigates the current ethnic diversity in forensic science in the UK using an online questionnaire. The preliminary data collected were compared to census figures for scientific occupations, and it was found that minoritised individuals are under-represented.

Crafting safety in the storm: An occupational health and safety professionals' job crafting scale.

Introduction: This study aims to develop and validate a job crafting scale designed specifically for occupational health and safety (OHS) professionals working in a crisis environment. Job crafting, defined as the proactive adjustment of job roles to better align with individual preferences and strengths, is recognized as a valuable strategy for enhancing job satisfaction, engagement, and performance in various occupational settings. However, existing job crafting scales primarily focus on general work contexts and cannot fully capture the unique dimensions of job crafting relevant to OHS professionals in a crisis response context.

Exploring e-scooter risk factors based on interpretable machine learning framework.

Introduction: The recent rise in e-scooter usage has reshaped urban mobility but has also led to a significant increase in e-scooter-related injuries, raising critical safety concerns. While existing research has primarily focused on post-crash medical outcomes and general risk comparisons, substantial gaps remain in identifying specific risk factors associated with e-scooter crashes and utilizing interpretable analytical approaches.

Method: This study addresses these gaps by analyzing 2,400 e-scooter crash records from the UK STATS19 database using advanced machine learning models to predict injury severity.

Safety and Effectiveness of Statins for Primary Prevention in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: An Emulation.

Background: There is no consensus for using statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), because no randomized controlled trial has exclusively investigated statins in this population.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of statins for primary prevention in adults with T1DM.

Methods: We performed a sequential target trial emulation comparing statin initiation vs noninitiation using UK primary care data from the IQVIA Medical Research Data database.

Limited utility of faecal immunochemical testing in a colorectal cancer screening programme for adults with cystic fibrosis: insights from a prospective UK study.

Objective: People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are at significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), prompting international recommendations for earlier screening with colonoscopy. The utility of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) as a screening adjunct in pwCF remains unclear. This study evaluates FIT's diagnostic performance and uptake within a CRC screening programme in a UK CF centre.

Experiences of using a physical activity and exercise digital intervention to reduce respiratory tract infections: a qualitative process evaluation.

Objectives: Increasing physical activity and effectively managing stress can positively impact immunity and may reduce the duration of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). As part of a larger trial, participants accessed a digital behavioural change intervention that encouraged physical activity and stress management to reduce RTIs. We aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to engaging in physical activity and stress reduction.

Effectiveness of a centrally designed, large-scale, multisite undergraduate medical simulation programme: student-reported confidence across eight London hospitals in a UK medical school setting.

Objectives: Simulation is well established in medical education. However, with rising numbers of medical students globally, provision of high-quality, equitable simulation teaching on a large, multisite scale is increasingly challenging. We sought to explore whether a centrally designed, multisite simulation programme could enhance student confidence equitably across multiple clinical sites with differing resources.

Psychometric Considerations and Age Appropriateness of Outcome Measures Implemented in Exercise Randomized Controlled Trials Within the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort: A Systematic Review.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an autoimmune condition of multifactorial etiology resulting in chronic inflammatory joint disease, which may be associated with systemic manifestations. Therapeutic exercise is essential to counteract physical impairments, which requires the implementation of outcome measures (OMs) in research and practice as they provide meaningful results for research efficacy, exercise program evaluation and quality, medication tolerance, and patient improvement.

Purpose: To assess the types of OMs implemented in exercise randomized controlled trials related to the juvenile idiopathic arthritis cohort and the psychometric properties and age appropriateness of the implemented OMs.

Nutritionally Relevant Technological Advancements in Professional Cycling.

Technological innovations can provide cyclists and their support team additional data. These data have potential to improve understanding of performance determinants and could be used to identify and tailor nutritional strategies to improve cycling performance. This potential, however, is dependent on the quality, interpretation, and practical use of the data generated.

The G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Orchestrates Hair Follicle Homeostasis.

Tightly regulated cell-cell and cell-niche intercommunications via intertwined signaling networks are involved in maintaining normal hair follicle (HF) homeostasis, cycling and cell fate determination. However, knowledge of specific mechanisms by which hair loss takes place under pathological situations is needed. Using a keratinocyte-specific knockout mouse model, we uncover that the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) signaling node plays a key role in HF homeostasis.

Neural foundations of creativity: A voxel-based meta-analysis of the activations and deactivations underlying creativity across linguistic, musical, and visual domains.

The neuroscience of creativity has proposed that shared and domain-specific brain mechanisms underlie creative thinking. However, greater nuance is needed in characterizing these mechanisms, and limited neuroimaging analyses, especially regarding the relationship between the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and other linguistic tasks, have so far prevented a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of creativity. This paper offers to fill these gaps with a closer examination of the contributions of the specific domains and the deactivations associated with creativity.