Multimodality curative-intent treatment in NSCLC: an unprecedented era of change 2017-2025.

Curative-intent multimodality treatment-combining local treatments such as surgery or radiotherapy with systemic therapy-is the cornerstone of care in stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since 2017, the systemic therapy backbones with multimodality treatment have undergone a dramatic transformation, driven by a series of pivotal, practice-changing clinical trials. Immunotherapy and targeted therapies, previously confined to the advanced/metastatic setting, are now firmly embedded in curative-intent regimens.

Adenoviral Retinitis: A Rare Case Presentation of a Common Virus.

Purpose: To report a rare case of bilateral necrotising retinitis caused by a potentially novel human adenovirus D (HAdV-D) in a post-bone marrow transplant patient and to highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic role of intravenous cidofovir, alongside a review of previously reported cases of human adenovirus (HAdV) retinitis.

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 60-year-old man with a history of acute myeloid leukaemia, in remission post-bone marrow transplant, presented with bilateral hypertensive granulomatous panuveitis and necrotising retinitis.

Impact of prehospital delay on postoperative complications and 5-year mortality in older adults with hip fractures.

Purpose: Guidelines recommended early surgery for hip fracture to improve outcomes, yet it is often hindered by prehospital delays. However, it remains unclear whether prehospital delay independently leads to poor outcomes of the well-recognized impact of in-hospital delay for hip fracture surgery.

Methods: We included patients aged over 60 years old who underwent surgery for their first acute hip fracture between 2000 and 2022 at a national trauma center in Beijing, China.

The influence of ethnicity on frailty in a United Kingdom (UK) population.

Background: Frailty is an important and increasing clinical and public health problem. Within the United Kingdom (UK). Most data relating to the occurrence of frailty is derived from Caucasian groups.

Clinical Scoring Systems for the Assessment of Continence Following Anorectal Malformation Repair: A Comprehensive Review.

Despite advancements in surgical techniques and improved survival rates for anorectal malformation (ARM) patients, the lack of a standardized way for assessing bowel function and quality of life remains a challenge. Variability in scoring outcomes exists between systems due to inconsistencies in criteria and precise definitions, such as soiling, constipation, and continence. While older tools lack proper validation, newer scales, including the Rintala and Baylor Continence Scale (BCS), offer more structured assessment.

Enhancing severe asthma care: real-world outcomes of a digital adherence and self-management platform.

https://bit.ly/41FuddG.

Self-harm in individuals who experience binge eating disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and self-harm often co-occur and cause great distress. BED is often poorly understood and under-represented in research, despite high prevalence. It is unclear how self-harm in BED populations compares to rates of self-harm in other eating disorder populations or control groups.

Evaluating the implementation of the Saving Babies Lives Care Bundle Version 2 from service user and healthcare professionals' perspectives: a questionnaire study.

Introduction: The Saving Babies' Lives Care Bundle (SBLCB) was introduced in England in 2015 and was updated in 2019 (SBLCBv2). This study aimed to describe the degree to which SBLCBv2 was implemented in practice and describe contemporary experiences of receiving and delivering antenatal and intrapartum care informed by the recommendations of SBLCBv2.

Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in 28 National Health Service maternity units across England between October and December 2023.

Service users' experiences of maternity care in England informed by the Saving Babies' Lives Care Bundle Version 2: A reflexive thematic analysis.

Background: In 2019, NHS England launched the second version of the Saving Babies' Lives Care Bundle (SBLCBv2), recommendations that maternity providers are expected to fully implement, in an ongoing effort to reduce stillbirths and preterm births. Although stillbirth rates have seen an overall significant reduction since the inception of the SBLCB, experiences of maternity care in England are deteriorating. This study aimed to explore service users' experiences of SBLCBv2-informed maternity care to help understand the aspects of care they received positively and those needing improvement.

Successful Treatment of Severe Hepatopulmonary Syndrome as a Rare Complication of Zellweger Spectrum Disorder.

We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who developed hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) as a rare complication of Zellweger spectrum disorder and was successfully treated with liver transplantation. Our patient presented with neonatal sensorineural hearing loss. Muscular hypotonia, global developmental delay, and pigmentary retinopathy in infancy led to a diagnosis of peroxisomal biogenesis disorder due to compound heterozygous variants.

Novel method of detection of birefringent ocular amyloidosis deposits using monochromatic wavelengths of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Purpose: To describe a noninvasive imaging technique for detection of ocular amyloidosis using ultrawide field (UWF) images.

Methods: This was a retrospective, case-control study of patients with familial transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis seen at the Wills Eye Hospital, USA and Moorfields Eye Hospital, UK. Pseudocolor, 100% red and 100% green UWF fundus images of patients with familial TTR were reviewed and, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for the pattern abnormalities noted on fundus images for amyloidosis were calculated.

DICER1-Related Pediatric Thyroid Neoplasm with Follicular and Morular Growth: A Tumor that Did Not Read the Textbook.

Thyroid lesions associated with DICER1 syndrome include multifocal hyperplastic and benign neoplastic proliferations (follicular nodular disease) with characteristic macrofollicular and/or intrafollicular centripetal papillary growth patterns, frequently associated with atrophic and involutional changes. There are also well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas showing intermediate-type nuclei, sometimes combining high-grade areas (tumor-in-tumor pattern) and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Here, for the first time, we describe an encapsulated follicular cell thyroid tumor showing a mixed follicular and morular growth pattern, which presented in an 11-year-old girl with follicular nodular disease and a constitutional (germline) DICER1 p.

An expert panel review of endoscopic vein harvesting devices: benefits, limitations, and clinical insights.

Objectives: Endoscopic Vessel Harvesting (EVH) devices are technically complex and the learning curve for novice practitioners can be steep, due to the need for refined hand-eye coordination and device familiarity. Training and mentoring approaches vary widely, as does the experience level of practitioners entering EVH practice.

Methods: This expert review was conducted by 10 international EVH specialists from the UK, USA, and Serbia, each with 18 to 28 years of experience.

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Children With Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency.

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare differential diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with considerable variation in presentation and treatment outcomes. The temporospatial evolution of brain MRI appearances has not been well described. We systematically evaluated 35 MRI brain scans of 13 patients with neonatal MoCD (7 type A, 6 type B) to characterize brain abnormalities arising from exposure to toxicity related to sulfite accumulation and to evaluate changes in response to cPMP treatment in 6 children with MoCD type A.

Sex Distributions in the Most Frequent Autosomal Genetic Causes of Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether sex imbalances are detectable in the most frequent genetic causes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Databases from centers in three countries (Moorfields Eye Hospital, London; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; and Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry, Perth, Australia) were searched, quantifying numbers of male and female patients with disease attributed to variants in the six most frequently involved autosomal RP genes. Proportions of female patients (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for each gene.

Effects of volenrelaxin in worsening heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a phase 2 randomized trial.

Relaxin is a peptide hormone that may decrease circulatory congestion and improve kidney function. In this study, we conducted a double-blind, international, multicenter trial to test whether volenrelaxin, a long-acting form of human relaxin, can improve left atrial (LA) function, reduce congestion and improve kidney function in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We randomly assigned patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV HFpEF and recent heart failure (HF) decompensation to 25-mg, 50-mg or 100-mg volenrelaxin or placebo administered subcutaneously once weekly.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis and management of new brain tumours in children and young people (aged < 16 years old) in the UK.

Objective: This study aims to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes of children and young people (CYP) with brain tumours in England.

Design: UK-based retrospective observational study with two components. Nationwide brain tumour incidence data from the National Disease Registration Service was obtained (2015-2020) to study trends in newly diagnosed cases.

Left Atrial Papillary Fibroelastoma and Mediastinal Radiotherapy.

Background: High-dose mediastinal radiotherapy can result in progressive valvular degeneration and secondary malignancy.

Case Summary: A 50-year-old woman with prior chest radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin lymphoma presented with progressive exertional dyspnea. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation with mitral annular calcification and an incidental finding of a mobile 12 × 8 mm left atrial mass.

Activin A/Follistatin Axis in Airway Diseases and its Association With Recurrent Exacerbations.

Background/aim: Chronic airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and asthma COPD overlap (ACO), are characterized by complex inflammatory processes in which Activin A-a key member of the TGF-β superfamily-is implicated. Although its role in the stable state of these diseases has been extensively studied, data regarding its involvement during exacerbations remain limited. Our objective was to investigate the dynamics of Activin A in sputum and serum during acute exacerbations and subsequent convalescence in patients with chronic airway diseases.

Genetic Insights and Diagnostic Challenges in Highly Attenuated Lysosomal Storage Disorders.

Background: Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inborn errors of metabolism caused by variants in genes encoding lysosomal hydrolases, membrane proteins, activator proteins, or transporters. These disease-causing variants lead to enzymatic deficiencies and the progressive accumulation of undegraded substrates within lysosomes, disrupting cellular function across multiple organ systems. While classical phenotypes typically manifest in infancy or early childhood with severe multisystem involvement, a combination of advances in molecular diagnostics [particularly next-generation sequencing (NGS)] and improved understanding of disease heterogeneity have enabled the identification of attenuated forms characterised by residual enzyme activity and later-onset presentations.

Bridging the gap: exploring the impact of bootcamp on non-technical skills and professional development in early-career orthopaedic trainees.

Background: Surgical education faces numerous challenges, including reduced training opportunities and the need for both technical and non-technical skills development. This study explores how a surgical bootcamp for new Trauma and Orthopaedic (T&O) trainees can facilitate the development of Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) and form a foundation for ongoing professional development during the critical transition to specialty training.

Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, we examined the impact of a two-day bootcamp for T&O ST3 trainees (n = 15) in the Yorkshire region.

Safety of tralokinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis followed for up to 4.5 years: an integrated analysis of 8 clinical trials.

Background: Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) require long-term management, and understanding the long-term safety of new treatments is a top priority for patients and healthcare professionals.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of tralokinumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD by conducting an integrated safety analysis of 7 placebo-controlled trials and the ongoing, open-label extension study ECZTEND.

Methods: An initial 16-week placebo-controlled (PBO-CTRL) safety set and an all-tralokinumab (ALL-TRALO) safety set combining the placebo-controlled trials and ECZTEND (data cut-off 30 April, 2022) were analyzed.