Key Mediators Reducing Socioeconomic Inequality in Early Childhood Caries.

Objectives: Socioeconomic status (SES) has a significant effect on the burden of early childhood caries (ECC), yet addressing SES disparities remains challenging. This study aimed to identify and quantify the most impactful mediator linking SES effect to the occurrence of ECC using advanced causal mediation analysis, to inform targeted interventions that reduce SES-related disparities in ECC.

Methods: Data were drawn from the Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events, a cohort of 2,182 mother-child dyads recruited from Adelaide's 3 largest public hospitals (2013-2014).

Accelerated motion-robust abdominal 3D T1ρ mapping using diamond radial sampling.

Purpose: To develop and validate a fast, motion-robust, free-breathing abdominal 3D T1ρ mapping method by combining variable-density diamond radial k-space sampling with fast-MAPSS (magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned-k-space spoiled gradient-echo snapshots).

Methods: 3D MAPSS T1ρ imaging was performed at 3T using five spin-lock time (TSL) pairs in phantom scans and three TSL pairs in nine healthy volunteers. Phantom experiments compared Cartesian sampling (reference) with stack-of-stars and diamond radial sampling.

Reference Values and Association of Body Weight, Age, and Sex With Echocardiographic Measurements in Non-Athletic Quarter Horses.

Background: Echocardiographic reference intervals for Quarter Horses are infrequently reported.

Objectives: To provide standard echocardiographic measurements for sedentary Quarter Horses and evaluate the relationship between physical characteristics (body weight, age, sex) and echocardiographic measurements.

Animals: Forty-one sedentary Quarter Horses, free of cardiac disease, from a university research herd.

The Effect of Cachexia on the Feeding Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis in Tumour-Bearing Mice.

Background: Cancer promotes muscle wasting through an imbalance in the tightly regulated protein synthesis and degradation processes. An array of intracellular signalling pathways, including mTORC1 and AMPK, regulate protein synthesis, and these pathways are responsive to the muscle's microenvironment and systemic stimuli. Although feeding and fasting are established systemic regulators of muscle mTORC1 and protein synthesis, the cancer environment's impact on these responses during cachexia development is poorly understood.

Development of a lip colour chart across four ethnicities.

In the human face, the lips play a key role in social interactions and are a major element of makeup strategies. However, the amount of data available on lips, particularly relating to colour, is limited in comparison to that on skin. To gain a better understanding of lip colour, this study aimed to assess its diversity across four ethnicities (Asian Chinese, African American, Hispanic American and Caucasian American and French).

Fish eye growth rate and vertical habitat: A maximum for eye growth rate investment in the mesopelagic zone.

Vision is one of the most important means by which animals perceive their environment. In the pelagic ocean, there is an enormous gradient of available light from the well-lit surface to the deep bathypelagic zone. Fish inhabiting different depths of the pelagic ocean must adapt to these conditions.

Quality, Reliability and Accuracy of Hyperthyroidism-Related Content on Social Media Platform TikTok.

Objective(s): To evaluate the quality, reliability and accuracy of hyperthyroidism-related content on TikTok using validated assessment tools.

Methods: We systematically searched TikTok for 'hyperthyroid' and 'high thyroid', analysing 115 videos after exclusions. Two independent researchers assessed videos using the Global Quality Scale (GQS, range 0-5) for overall content quality, the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN, range 0-5) for reliability and the Accuracy in Digital Information (ANDI, range 0-4) tool for factual correctness.

Monitoring and management of injection site reactions in patients receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine (Sublocade): two case reports and literature review.

Introduction: Injectable extended-release buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), but injection site reactions (ISRs) are common treatment-emergent adverse events that may impact patient comfort, adherence, and outcome. This report examines the clinical presentation, prevalence, and management of Sublocade-related ISRs through two case studies and a review of existing literature.

Case Presentation: We present two cases of ISRs in patients receiving extended-release buprenorphine, Sublocade.

Exploring Organ-Specific Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Improvements Following Bariatric Surgery in Youth With Obesity.

Objective: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) promotes significant metabolic improvements, though the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to metabolic improvements post VSG, such as improved fatty liver disease or adipose tissue function; however, it is unclear how different organ-specific sEVs interact with various metabolic parameters. The objective of this study is to establish the role of organ-specific sEVs in the metabolic improvements post VSG.

Semaglutide attenuates diabetic retinopathy progression via ameliorating retinal vasculopathy and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, characterised by retinal vasculopathy and oxidative stress. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has demonstrated cardiovascular benefits but has also been associated with mixed effects on DR progression. This study investigates the potential of semaglutide to attenuate DR progression by ameliorating retinal vasculopathy and oxidative stress in both in vivo and in vitro models.

Amelioration of Adults' Mental Health Conditions and Symptoms Through Spiritual Energy Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Reduced physical activities, social support, old age, and increased exposure to regular stressful life events are crucial factors for poor mental health. Although several medicines are available to support mental health-related symptoms, due to more side effects and non-compliance for long-term use, these conventional medicines are not appropriate to tackle these symptoms. In this context, the study aimed to determine whether spiritual energy therapy with an experienced spiritual energy practitioner could manage adults' psychological and mental health-related symptoms.

Adaptive Thermogenesis After Hypocaloric Low-Carbohydrate Versus Low-Fat Diets in African American Women: A Secondary Analysis.

Objective: This secondary analysis was conducted to compare the magnitude of adaptive thermogenesis (AT) following hypocaloric low-carbohydrate (CHO) versus low-fat diets in African American (AA) women.

Methods: Sixty-nine AA women with obesity were randomized to low-CHO or low-fat hypocaloric diets for 10 weeks, followed by a 4-week weight stabilization period (all food provided). At baseline and Week 13, insulin sensitivity (S) was measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test, body composition by bioimpedance analysis, total energy expenditure (EE) (TEE) by doubly labeled water, and resting EE (REE) by indirect calorimetry.

Influence of Age on Fracture Healing in Young and Middle-Aged Mice in a Proximal Femur Fracture Model.

Osteoporotic hip fractures are a considerable cause of pain and disability particularly among the elderly. Osteoporosis causes loss of bone stability, which in turn leads to an increased risk of fractures especially in metaphyseal bone. Moreover, the body's capacity for healing is diminished, resulting in prolonged recovery times following these fractures.

L-Carnitine Modulates Oocyte Development and Cumulus Expansion in Tropical Ruminants: Experimental and Bioinformatics Insights.

This study investigates the effects of L-carnitine on nuclear maturation and fertilization in cattle and goat oocytes. Ovaries were collected from females with poor reproductive efficiency in the tropical climate, and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved from large antral follicles. COCs were cultured with varying concentrations of L-carnitine (0, 0.

Accelerating patient transitions from hospital to home in the United Kingdom with single-use negative pressure wound therapy: a discharge pathway.

Background: Initially limited to inpatient use, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is now frequently used in community settings. However, complexities in wound management step-down strategies in the United Kingdom, including regional variations in referral processes, lack of consensus on funding criteria, and limited availability of NPWT units, have led to extended hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients ready for discharge but still needing NPWT. Single-use NPWT (sNPWT) can serve as a bridge between hospital and community NPWT.

Efficacy of cellular and/or tissue-based product applications on all non-pressure injury chronic wound types in a Medicare private practice model.

Background: This retrospective analysis is a derivative cohort study based on a prior retrospective investigation by this author group.

Objective: To assess the effect of the number of cellular and/or tissue-based product (CTP) applications on healing outcomes and wound area reduction (WAR) rates in patients with chronic wounds of multiple etiologies.

Methods: Data from a multicenter private wound care practice electronic health record database were analyzed for Medicare patients receiving CTPs from January 2018 through December 2023.

The trial design of the concurrent optical and magnetic stimulation (COMS) therapy study for refractory diabetic foot ulcers (MAVERICKS): a multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind investigational device exemption clinical study.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major clinical challenge, particularly among patients with refractory ulcers, that often lead to severe complications such as infection, amputation, and high mortality. Innovations supported by strong clinical evidence have the potential to improve healing outcomes, enhance quality of life, and reduce the economic burden on individuals and health care systems.

Objective: To describe the design of the concurrent optical and magnetic stimulation (COMS) therapy Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) study for refractory DFUs (MAVERICKS) trial.

Preoperatively predicting failure to achieve the minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit for total knee arthroplasty patients using machine learning.

Background: A clear understanding of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) is essential for effectively implementing patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) as a performance measure for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Since not achieving MCID and SCB may reflect suboptimal surgical benefit, the primary aim of this study was to use machine learning to predict patients who may not achieve the threshold-based outcomes (i.e.

Reimagining Outcomes: A Perspective Review of Advances in Remote Monitoring Technologies in Post-Arthroplasty Patient Care.

Arthroplasty surgery is a common and successful end-stage intervention for advanced osteoarthritis. Yet, postoperative outcomes vary significantly among patients, leading to a plethora of measures and associated measurement approaches to monitor patient outcomes. Traditional approaches rely heavily on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which are widely used, but often lack sensitivity to detect function changes (e.

TCA cycle-derived oncometabolites in cancer and the immune microenvironment.

Oncometabolites are aberrant metabolic byproducts that arise from mutations in enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or related metabolic pathways and play central roles in tumor progression and immune evasion. Among these, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), succinate, and fumarate are the most well-characterized, acting as competitive inhibitors of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases to alter DNA and histone methylation, cellular differentiation, and hypoxia signaling. More recently, itaconate, an immunometabolite predominantly produced by activated macrophages, has been recognized for its dual roles in modulating inflammation and tumor immunity.

High-resolution time-series transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the regulatory mechanism underlying salt tolerance in maize.

Background: Soil salinization represents a critical global challenge to agricultural productivity, profoundly impacting crop yields and threatening food security. Plant salt-responsive is complex and dynamic, making it challenging to fully elucidate salt tolerance mechanism and leading to gaps in our understanding of how plants adapt to and mitigate salt stress.

Results: Here, we conduct high-resolution time-series transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of the extremely salt-tolerant maize inbred line, HLZY, and the salt-sensitive elite line, JI853.

Tutorial: Saturation Transfer Difference NMR for Studying Small Molecules Interacting With Nanoparticles.

Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR is a robust, versatile technique for detecting small molecules binding to large receptors. In addition to identifying binding molecules in the presence of nonbinding molecules, the STD-NMR technique can be used to determine epitope maps and binding constants. In recent years, this technique has been applied to small molecules interacting with nanoparticles.