Dysregulated RNA splicing impairs regeneration in alcohol-associated liver disease.

Individuals with progressive liver failure risk dying without liver transplantation. However, our understanding of why regenerative responses are disrupted in failing livers is limited. Here, we perform multiomic profiling of healthy and diseased human livers using bulk and single-nucleus RNA- and ATAC-seq.

Metagenomic complexity of high, seasonal transmission of Plasmodium spp. in asymptomatic carriers in Northern Sahelian Ghana.

Background: Mixed-species, mixed-strain plasmodia infections are known to occur in humans in malaria endemic areas. It may be surprising that to date, the extent of this complexity has not been systematically explored in high-burden countries of sub-Saharan Africa, especially in the reservoir of asymptomatic infections in all ages, which sustains transmission.

Methods: Here we take a metagenomic lens to these infections by sampling variable blood volumes from 188 afebrile residents living in high, seasonal transmission in Northern Sahelian Ghana.

Digging into the evolutionary history of the fungus-growing-ant symbiont, Escovopsis (Hypocreaceae).

Symbiotic relationships shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi in the genus Escovopsis share an evolutionary history with the fungus-growing "attine" ant system and are only found in association with these social insects. Despite this close relationship, there are key aspects of Escovopsis evolution that remain poorly understood.

Modulating the PPARγ pathway upregulates NECTIN4 and enhances chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in bladder cancer.

With the approval of the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV), NECTIN4 has emerged as a bona fide therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here, we report the development of a NECTIN4-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell, which exhibits reactivity across cells expressing a range of endogenous NECTIN4, with enhanced activity in high expressors. We demonstrate that the PPARγ pathway, critical for luminal differentiation, transcriptionally controls NECTIN4, and that the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone primes and augments NECTIN4 expression, thereby increasing sensitivity to NECTIN4-CAR T cell-mediated killing.

Proximity labeling of axonemal protein CFAP91 identifies EFCAB5 that regulates sperm motility.

Radial spokes (RSs) are conserved multimolecular structures attached to the axonemal microtubule doublets and are essential for the motility control of both cilia and sperm flagella. CFAP91, an RS3 protein, is implicated in human male infertility, yet its molecular function remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Cfap91 knockout (KO) mice exhibit impaired sperm flagellum formation and male infertility.

The Fuetsan Manhoben Curriculum: Effects on Risk Perceptions and Intentions Regarding Tobacco and Betel Nut Use Among Adolescents in Guam.

: While there are known high rates of tobacco and betel (areca) nut use in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI), there have been limited efforts at preventing the initiation of tobacco and betel nut among those living in the region, particularly, adolescents.

Multiple human enhancer RNAs contain long translated open reading frames.

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are transcribed by during enhancer activation but are typically rapidly degraded in the nucleus. During states of reduced RNA surveillance, however, eRNAs and other similar "noncoding" RNAs (including, e.g.

A critical affinity window for IgSF proteins DIP-α and Dpr10 is required for proper motor neuron arborization.

For neurons to establish the correct connections in animal nervous systems, interactions between cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), expressed presynaptically and postsynaptically, are thought to guide neurons to their targets. Here, we assess the role that affinity between two cognate CAMs-DIP-α and Dpr10-plays in establishing the leg neuromuscular system in If affinity decreases or, surprisingly, increases past certain thresholds, motor neuron (MN) terminal branches fail to be maintained. Live imaging during development shows that when affinities are aberrant, MN filopodia are unable to productively engage their muscle targets.

Prelude to the perfect storm: the many triggers of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an increasingly recognized disorder of immune hyperactivity that often leads to multiorgan failure and death. In adults, HLH is usually triggered by infection, malignancy, or an autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorder that precipitates a destructive cytokine storm. Treatment aims to deescalate the hyperimmunity by treating the triggers while interfering with the immune pathways that cause the morbidity.

Comparing Two Approaches to Identify Individuals with Severe Asthma in United States Claims Data.

Purpose: Given the increased likelihood for individuals with severe asthma to experience comorbidities, disease complications, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations, the ability to stratify asthma populations on severity is often important. Although pharmacoepidemiologic studies using administrative healthcare databases sometimes categorize asthma severity, there is no consensus on an approach.

Methods: Individuals with asthma (≥ 2 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes J45) aged ≥ 6 years were identified in Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database between January 2017 and November 2023.

Comparison of resistance training among individuals living with diabetes, prediabetes, and without diabetes: 2017-2023 BRFSS.

Aim: This study aims to compare the weekly resistance training (RT) frequency between people with diabetes, prediabetes, and without diabetes.

Methods: A total of 536,703 participants from 2017 to 2023 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System were included in the analysis. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression was performed to compare weekly resistance training frequency among participants with different diabetes statuses (without diabetes, prediabetes, and with diabetes).

Association between community assault and adverse renal outcomes among patients with crush injury in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Civilians in South Africa experience a high incidence of crush injury, or traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Community assault (CA) is a common mechanism of crush injury in South Africa, where victims are assaulted by multiple persons using a variety of objects. A crush injury places patients at risk of renal dysfunction.

Myths, mandates, and decision-making: A qualitative exploration of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant and postpartum women in Pakistan.

Background: Among pregnant and postpartum women, decision-making for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine is influenced by vaccine safety concerns, misconceptions, shifting vaccine policies, and exclusion in the initial vaccine rollout. This caused confusion and vaccine hesitancy among many groups including pregnant and postpartum women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the multilevel factors that influence vaccine decision-making among pregnant and postpartum women in Pakistan, which is crucial for improving vaccine demand among the vulnerable group-pregnant and postpartum women.

Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in intensive care: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation, a condition associated with adverse outcomes in the short and long term, is common in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Identifying patients at high risk could inform trials of preventive interventions and help to target such interventions. We aimed to develop and externally validate a prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to ICUs.

Oxytocin-mediated empathy internally facilitates cooperative behaviors in rats.

Reciprocity is considered one of the vital mechanisms that sustain the evolution of cooperative behavior. However, free-riding, where assistance is received but not reciprocated, poses a serious threat to reciprocity behavior, which relies on future payback. Previous theories proposed that third-party punishment plays a vital role in preventing free-riding behavior.

Insufficient telomeric DNA damage response promotes chromosomal instability in aged oocytes.

Increased chromosomal instability impairs oocyte quality, contributing to female reproductive aging. The telomeric DNA damage response (DDR) is essential for genomic stability; however, how oocytes respond to telomeric damage remains elusive. Here, we observed that aged human germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes accumulated telomeric DNA damage.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in myeloid cells: a central deficit in autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases arise from genetic and environmental factors that disrupt immune tolerance. Recent studies highlight the role of myeloid cell immunometabolism, particularly mitochondrial dysfunction, in driving autoimmunity. Mitochondria regulate energy homeostasis and cell fate; their impairment leads to defective immune cell differentiation, abnormal effector activity, and chronic inflammation.

Academic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Practice Models in United States Dental Schools.

Practicing within an academic dental school environment offers many advantages for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. In the dental school setting, surgeons typically work concomitantly in university hospitals or teaching institutions, where their roles extend beyond clinical care to include teaching, research, and mentoring. Academic surgeons often manage complex or rare surgical cases and contribute to the advancement of the field through scholarly publications and participation in academic conferences.

Food production from air: gas precision fermentation with hydrogen-oxidising bacteria.

The breach of six planetary boundaries highlights the need for sustainable food production. Aerobic hydrogen-oxidising bacteria (HOBs) convert atmospheric CO and green hydrogen (H) into biomass via gas fermentation, a process already used for food-grade single-cell protein production. This approach enables a supply chain independent of agriculture, requiring minimal land and water, with potential for carbon-neutral production and carbon capture.