CaOx crystal nuclei are formed in rat outer cortex proximal tubules by a potential fibrinogen-dependent mechanism.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are prevalent in urinary tract stone disease. While their formation can be induced in rats by administering ethylene glycol and vitamin D, the initial nucleation and formation processes are unclear. Here, we aimed to determine where CaOx crystals initially form, examine the associated histological and morphological changes, and clarify the genes whose expression varies at those sites and their function.

Lung Volume Modulation of Sternohyoid Muscle Function: An Anesthetised Rat Model.

Lung volume change modifies pharyngeal airway patency by altering breathing-related passive force transmission between lower and upper airways (via tracheal and other connections). We hypothesise that such force transmission may also impact active upper airway dilator muscle function by altering resting muscle length. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between end expiratory lung volume (EELV) and ability of sternohyoid muscle (SH) contraction to alter pharyngeal airway patency.

Targeting LxCxE cleft pocket of retinoblastoma protein in immunosuppressive macrophages inhibits ovarian cancer progression.

Ovarian cancer remains a major health threat with limited treatment options available. It is characterized by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) maintained by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) hindering anti-tumor responses and immunotherapy efficacy. Here we show that targeting retinoblastoma protein (Rb) by disruption of its LxCxE cleft pocket causes preferential cell death in Rbhigh M2 polarized or M2-like Rbhigh immunosuppressive TAMs by induction of ER stress, p53 and mitochondria-related cell death pathways.

Sex-specific behavioral impairments and neuronal alterations in Wistar rats following repeated sevoflurane exposure during developmental stages.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated exposure to sevoflurane as an anesthetic agent during various developmental stages, namely neonatal, preadolescent, and adult, on behavioral, synaptic, and neuronal plasticity in male and female Wistar rats.

Methods: Rats were exposed to sevoflurane during three developmental stages: neonatal (PN7), pre-adolescence (PN28), and adulthood (PN90). Behavioral performance was evaluated with the Morris Water Maze.

Beetroot leaf extract enhances gut motility in a model of loperamide-induced constipation in male rats: A phytopharmacological study.

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent and difficult bowel movements, hard stool consistency, and delayed intestinal transit. The present study evaluated the phytochemical profile and physiological effects of the aqueous extract of beetroot leaves (AEBL) in a rat model of Loperamide (LOP)-induced constipation. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6): two controls (normal and constipated) and four constipated groups receiving either increasing doses of AEBL (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, b.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in diabetic rats: the role of P53 and SIRT1.

One of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in recent years, type 2 diabetes is now one of the top causes of death globally and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the impact of HIIT exercises on the levels of specific proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. Animals in diabetic groups were given a high-fat diet and an intraperitoneal injection of STZ to cause diabetes.

Hepatoprotection conferred by curcumin against emamectin benzoate-induced oxidative stress, biochemical, molecular, and histological disturbances in rats.

Excessive use of pesticides frequently contaminates the environment and poses health risks. This study aimed to investigate the potential hepatoprotective effect of curcumin against the toxic effects of emamectin benzoate in rats. Six groups of male Wistar rats were used: control, curcumin (Cur; 200 mg/kg), Emamectin benzoate - low dose (EMB-LD; 5 mg/kg BW), Emamectin benzoate - high dose (EMB-HD; 10 mg/kg BW), Cur plus EMB-LD, and Cur plus EMB-HD, respectively.

TLR-4/Notch1/NF-κB pathway modulation by dapagliflozin: a novel mechanism for neuroprotection in hepatic encephalopathy.

Acute or chronic liver damage can result in Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a potentially fatal neuropsychiatric condition that leads to cerebral and neurological alterations. Dapagliflozin (DAPA), an orally active Sodium/Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor with long duration of action. The study aim was to evaluate the potential protective impact of DAPA against HE caused by Thioacetamide (TAA) in rats.

"Engineering Rifampicin-Encapsulated Inhalable Microparticles for Precision Tuberculosis Therapy: In Vivo Distribution and Therapeutic Evaluation".

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause significant global mortality, highlighting the need for improved drug delivery systems. The objective of this paper focuses in describing the formulation, optimization and in vivo assessment of rifampicin encapsulated PLGA microparticles for site-specific inhalation therapy. Microparticles for inhalation were produced by spray drying, and the DoE methodology was applied to reach the most suitable aerodynamic properties (mass median aerodynamics diameter (MMAD) 2.

Wound Healing Properties of Nymphaea alba (Nymphaeaceae) Flower Extract: Evidence from In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Network Analysis.

Introduction: The white water lily (Nymphaea alba) is a traditional medicinal plant recognized for its diverse array of bioactive properties. However, its potential in wound healing remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, cytotoxicity, and wound healing efficacy of Nymphaea alba flower extract (NAFE) using both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as computational network analysis.

Monoamine depletion and oxidative imbalance underlie ketamine-induced motor deficits in adolescent rats.

Ketamine has been widely used as a recreational substance by adolescents and young adults in nightclubs and raves in an acute manner, especially during the weekend. Considering the scarcity of evidence on the harmful consequences of adolescent ketamine recreational use on the central nervous system, primarily related to motor function, this study aimed to investigate the behavioral, biochemical, and neurochemical consequences on motor function induced by ketamine use, evaluating the motor cortex, cerebellum, and striatum in early abstinence. Adolescent female Wistar rats (28 days old) received ketamine by intranasal route (10mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days.

YangXue QingNao Wan ameliorates vascular dementia in 2-VO rats via inhibition of ferroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: YangXue QingNao Wan (YXQN) is a compound Chinese medicine comprising of 11 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, including Angelica sinensis, Ligusticumstriatum, and Paeonia lactiflora, etc. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that YXQN improved cerebral microcirculation in hypertensive rats. However, its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in treating vascular dementia (VaD) remain unclear.

D1-like dopamine receptors in the dentate gyrus mediate cannabidiol's facilitation of extinction and prevention of reinstatement in methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant, and despite its widespread abuse, there are no FDA-approved treatments for METH use disorder (MUD). Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, has shown promise in reducing behaviors linked to psychostimulant use, including METH. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear.

The carotid body mediates peak oxygen uptake during maximal physical exertion in rats.

Cardiorespiratory responses to physical exercise are expected to meet the organism's metabolic demands. As carotid body (CB) glomus cells have been proposed as metabolic sensors, we sought to determine their contribution to peak oxygen uptake ( ) during exercise in rats. Adult male Wistar Kyoto rats underwent bilateral co-injection of two adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) at the CB bifurcation (AVV-TH-Cre-SV40 and AVV-hSyn-DREADD(Gi)-mCherry).

Exploring the beneficial effects of curcumin-based hydrogel beads in rats with rheumatoid arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant.

The aim of this study was to examine the potential antioxidant activity of curcumin in therapeutic and preventive condition and its potential role as adjuvant to conventional drug methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study included 104 female Wistar albino rats, 6 weeks old, body weight of 200-250 g, which were divided into 8 groups (n=13 in each group): 1. CTRL: negative control, 2.

Repurposing rupatadine to attenuate ovarian ischemia reperfusion in rats through modulation of PAF/NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-1β; HIF-1α/VEGF/Caspase 3 signaling pathways.

The aim of the current study is to identify the possible protective effect of rupatadine (RUP) on ovarian ischemia reperfusion (OIR) in rats. RUP was administered in the presence and absence of OIR. Thirty-two adult Wistar albino female rats were randomly arranged into four groups: Sham, RUP (6 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, OIR and OIR + RUP groups.

Odanacatib Coating Supports Osseointegration of Implants: A Preclinical Study.

Introduction: Odanacatib (ODN), a cathepsin K inhibitor, is a drug that reduces bone resorption while preserving bone formation. ODN was initially developed for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but further development as a systemic medication has been discontinued. Here, we propose ODN as a topical treatment, the coating of dental implants, to achieve an anabolic shift of early osseointegration.

Antioxidant potential of alpha-lipoic acid in mitigating progression of experimental periodontitis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation, a well-known antioxidant with therapeutic potential, on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6 per group): control, periodontitis, and periodontitis treated with alpha-lipoic acid. Periodontitis was induced by placing bandages around the lower first molars for 14 days.

Infliximab ameliorates vancomycin-triggered nephrotoxicity: Biochemical, molecular, and histopathological insights.

This study investigated the pathophysiological effects of vancomycin (VCM)-induced nephrotoxicity and the potential protective role of infliximab (INF). Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7): Control, INF, VCM, and VCM + INF. The Control group received physiological saline; the INF group received a single intraperitoneal (i.

Eggshell membrane supplementation stimulates angiogenesis and promotes bone healing in a rat drill-hole injury model.

The development of new adjunct therapies to support bone healing remains an important clinical challenge. Eggshell membrane (ESM), a natural biomaterial derived from chicken eggs, has recently attracted attention for its safety, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ESM supplementation on bone healing in a rat tibial drill-hole injury model.

Identification of potential biomarkers of triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemia: NMR-based plasma metabolomics approach and gene expression analysis.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a complex lipid metabolism disorder defined as an abnormal increase in circulating levels of one or more plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia model is one of the most commonly used acute models for hyperlipidemia induction in research. However, the metabolic alteration induced by Triton WR-1339 remains unclear.

Interaction effect of lithium and crocin on memory performance and behavioral functions in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is an approved method for the induction of depression in rodents. Lithium, as one of the oldest psychiatric drugs, can induce beneficial effects on mood state under stressful conditions. On the other hand, crocin (active component of Saffron) has antioxidant, procognitive, and mood-enhancer effects.

SIN-1 Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Reduces Deviation From Brain Homeostasis During Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats.

Background: Overall, 75% of patients with acute stroke have elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP). In randomized stroke trials, the indirect NO donor glyceryl trinitrate lowered MAP but improved neither regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) nor functional outcomes. One probable reason is that the microcirculation cannot bioactivate glyceryl trinitrate.

Three-dimensional quantitative evaluation of hypertension-induced aortic fibre remodelling based on multiphoton microscopy: a cross-age perspective.

Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, and its worldwide prevalence has continued to increase recently. Aortic fibre remodelling is critical in the development of hypertension and is strikingly age-related. However, the underlying microlevel variations remain unknown.