SIN-1 Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Reduces Deviation From Brain Homeostasis During Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats.

Background: Overall, 75% of patients with acute stroke have elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP). In randomized stroke trials, the indirect NO donor glyceryl trinitrate lowered MAP but improved neither regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) nor functional outcomes. One probable reason is that the microcirculation cannot bioactivate glyceryl trinitrate.

Three-dimensional quantitative evaluation of hypertension-induced aortic fibre remodelling based on multiphoton microscopy: a cross-age perspective.

Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, and its worldwide prevalence has continued to increase recently. Aortic fibre remodelling is critical in the development of hypertension and is strikingly age-related. However, the underlying microlevel variations remain unknown.

Preclinical Safety Assessment of an Ayurvedic Dentifrice: Acute and 28-Day Oral Toxicity Studies in Wistar Albino Rats.

Herbal formulations with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties are commonly used in traditional medicine for oral hygiene. Despite growing popularity, little or no research exists on the safety profile of these products to confirm their long-term safety. An ayurvedic dentifrice formulation was analyzed in Wistar albino rats for acute and subacute oral toxicity, with emphasis on the toxic effects of the product on physiological, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters.

Boswellic Acid and Carnosine Ameliorate Vanadyl-Sulfate-Induced Renal Damage via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/AKT Pathways.

Nephrotoxicity is a condition caused by the negative effects of several chemotherapy treatments on the kidneys. Our target was to determine how boswellic and carnosic acids protected rats against vanadyl sulfate (VOS)-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were used in the investigation.

Investigating the Role of Vitamin D in Enhancing Duloxetine and Fluoxetine Efficacy: Mechanistic Insights Into NRF2 Activation, Oxidative Stress, and Neurochemical Modulation.

Depression is a major psychiatric disorder with limited treatment efficacy. Oxidative stress plays a key role in its pathogenesis, and emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may reduce oxidative damage in neurological conditions. However, its role in modulating antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2 expression in depression remains unclear.

Minocycline Protects Against Oxidative Stress in a Model of Maple Syrup Urine Disease.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are metabolized by complex branched-chain ketoacids dehydrogenase (BCKDH). In Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), the BCKDH complex has its activity blocked by a genetic mutation, compromising the BCAA metabolism and leading to the accumulation of these BCAA, related to neurological damage in this disease. Thus, minocycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, bacteriostatic, and studies have shown benefits in neurodegenerative disease progression, like reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and downregulation of molecular pathways, such as apoptosis.

Evaluation of the Potential Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Extract in an Animal Model of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures.

Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) has neuro-therapeutic and anticonvulsant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract on pentylenetetrazol-induced brain damage in male Wistar rats and to analyze behavioral manifestations in vivo. Seizure latency, duration, and severity were measured in PTZ-treated rats according to the Racine scale; thus, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase catalytic activity were measured by the 2-thiobarbituric acid, Griess reagent, and hydrogen peroxide methods, respectively.

The nuclear export inhibitor selinexor improves kidney function in a rat model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common glomerular pathology characterized by podocyte injury, which can lead to kidney failure. Among the factors contributing to podocyte damage are mutations in nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which regulate nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and RNAs. Defective NPCs can accumulate in highly differentiated, non-dividing cells such as podocytes.

Bionanoformulated creams of silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs) and bimetallic silver-gold composites (Ag-AuNCPs) for tissue regeneration of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected excision wounds in Wistar Rats.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative pathogen with advanced antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming machineries that cause delayed infections (especially in human chronic wounds). Novel therapeutics such as antibiofilm agents, antimicrobial peptides and nanoformulated creams are being developed to treat P.

Long-term Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Enhances Nerve Regeneration and Remyelination in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Graft Model.

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries often lead to inconsistent outcomes due to the complexity of nerve regeneration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed to enhance regeneration by improving oxygenation, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitating cellular repair processes. This study evaluated the effects of long-term HBOT on axonal regeneration, remyelination, and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury repaired with autologous nerve grafts.

The mechanism of vascular adhesion molecule-1 in an ischemia-reperfusion cardia model.

Background: Vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is involved in promoting inflammation within blood vessels, activating endothelial cells, and is a key factor in the progression of diabetic vasculopathy in rats with diabetes, contributing to the underlying pathophysiological processes. This study focused on the expression level of VCAM-1 in diabetic rats subjected to a six-week schedule of aerobic training and valerian supplements.

Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats' hearts were removed under deep anesthesia and were studied using Lutgendorf's apparatus.

Cannabidiol regulates apoptosis and glial cells homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex of offspring from obese rat mothers.

Maternal obesity during pregnancy poses significant health risks for both mother and progeny, including long-term impacts on brain function. In previous studies, we demonstrated that cafeteria diet (CAF) consumption during gestation induces neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits in the offspring, which are reversed by cannabidiol (CBD) treatment. However, the effects of CBD on apoptosis-related pathways in this context remain unclear.

Synaptic accumulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors mediates the effects of BDNF-TrkB signalling on synaptic plasticity and in hyperexcitability during status epilepticus.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key mediator of synaptic plasticity and memory formation in the hippocampus. However, the BDNF-induced alterations in the glutamate receptors coupled to the plasticity of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus have not been elucidated. In this work we investigated the putative role of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the plasticity of glutamatergic synapses induced by BDNF.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of selective TRPV2 inhibitor SET2 in rats.

The TRPV2 channel, which regulates calcium transients, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in various diseases, including cardiovascular injury, neurodegeneration, and cancer. However, the absence of selective inhibitors has limited functional studies. Here, we report the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of SET2, a selective TRPV2 inhibitor.

Trifolium pratense-Derived Exosome Improved Serum Biochemical Parameters and Pancreatic Genes in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Introduction: Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are promising nanotherapeutics for improving chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Trifolium pratense (TP) is a flowering herb with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The present study aimed to explore the diabetic-healing effects of TP-derived exosomes (TPDEs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Establishment and Quantification of De Novo Lytic Infection by Cell-free Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a gammaherpesvirus implicated in multiple human malignancies, can undergo lytic replication during primary infection, a process that contributes to viral dissemination, immune evasion, and disease pathogenesis. However, the lack of robust in vitro systems for de novo lytic infection has limited insights into early infection events. Here, we present a tractable protocol that employs human colorectal cancer HCT 116 cells as targets for infection with cell-free virions derived from KSHV bacterial artificial chromosome 16 (BAC16)-reactivated iSLK producer cells.

Effect of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (Sulcatone) on hemostasis parameters in SHR rats: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo approaches.

Sulcatone is a compound found in citrus fruits and citronella oil, and it exhibits biological effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of sulcatone through in silico analysis and to evaluate its vasorelaxant, antioxidant, and hemostatic effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To refine the investigation, in silico evaluation was performed using the ADMET-AI, SwissADME, Protox 3.

Prophylactic efficacy of cannabidiol and sodium nitroprusside in a ketamine-model of schizophrenia: sex-dependent effects on positive-like and cognitive impairments.

Objective: Current treatments for schizophrenia (SZ) are often ineffective for all symptoms, with sex-dependent effects poorly understood. Cannabidiol (CBD) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) have emerged as potential prophylactic options. We evaluated their efficacy in preventing positive, negative, and cognitive deficits in a ketamine (KET) rodent model of SZ in both sexes.

Postconditioning of AM-1241 mitigates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulation of inflammatory, fibrosis, apoptotic and autophagy pathway in rats.

Background: Pharmacological postconditioning (PostC) is an emerging and safer cardioprotective strategy against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), involving the administration of therapeutic agents at the onset of reperfusion. Activation of the cannabinoid B receptor plays a crucial role in cardioprotection across various cardiovascular pathologies. AM-1241, a selective cannabinoid B receptor agonist, exhibits multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and cardioprotective effects.

Accelerometry is a valid method to distinguish between healthy and 6-OHDA-lesioned parkinsonian rats.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), continuous sensor-based evaluation of motor symptom severity, e.g., using accelerometry, has become an emerging field of interest in clinical research.

Co-administration of low-dose-Naltrexone and Carbamazepine remarkedly ameliorate allodynia and cognitive deficit in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia.

The aim of this study was to examine the pain-relieving effects of combining Carbamazepine (CBZ) and low-dose-Naltrexone (LDN) in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) to reduce the side effects of CBZ and the potential of synergistic antiallodynic interaction. Male Wistar rats were allocated randomly to 8 groups: Control, Sham, TN, TN (CBZ 100 mg), TN (CBZ 100 mg oral (p.o.

Enhancing osteoinduction: Collagen biogel enriched with piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles.

Collagen has been widely used for graft production and functionalized with various nanomaterials to impart chemical, physical, and bioactive properties that mimic natural bone characteristics, including the ability to generate of electrical charges. Barium titanate nanoparticles (BTNP) are particularly promising due to their piezoelectric properties. In this study, we evaluated the osteoinducing capacity of BTNP and developed an osteomimetic biocomposite composed of collagen and BTNP.

Mango by-Product-Based High-Fiber Confectionery Attenuates Liver Steatosis and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats.

The incorporation of fruit by-products into functional foods represents a promising strategy to address obesity. This study evaluated the nutritional potential of a novel extruded mango peel and bagasse-based confectionery (MC) on obesity-related parameters, gut microbiota composition, and liver/adipose tissue health. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n = 6): standard diet (STD), STD + MC (MC-STD), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD + MC (MC-HFD), over 11 weeks.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of methanolic stem bark extract of Khaya anthotheca (Meliaceae) in Wistar rats.

Background: Khaya anthotheca (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide range of therapeutic properties attributable mainly to the diverse limonoids it contains. Different parts of the plant are used in traditional health care for treatment of various diseases including candidiasis. However, inadequate information on its safety prompted this particular study.

Cardioprotective effects of extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: During pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), cardiac cells develop a hypertrophic and apoptosis-resistant phenotype. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to mitigate pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH; however, successful application is limited by low potency and the need for a high number of MSCs. MSCs exposed to hypoxia release more extracellular vesicles (EV)s with different content than normoxia.