Liquid biopsy- A pivotal test to help navigate clinical decisions at a precision center in India!

Liquid biopsy, specifically circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, has emerged as a transformative tool in precision oncology, providing real-time, minimally invasive characterizations of the tumor and tumor dynamics. While tissue biopsy is a critical tool for baseline diagnosis of malignancy, it is often limited by sampling constraints and an inability to capture tumor heterogeneity. In this study, we explored the clinical utility of serial ctDNA testing in guiding therapeutic decisions across a cohort of 30 patients with diverse solid tumors.

Iron and Manganese Azooxime Complexes as Anti-Microbial Agents Against Antibiotics Resistant Wild Bacteria From Hospital Drainage.

Antibiotic resistance is the never-ending war among medical researchers and microbial life forms. The extensive evolving potential of the microorganisms, in combination with improper usage, storage and disposal of the marketed antibiotics generated from natural or artificial sources, always calls for the need for novel antimicrobial agents with different modes of action. In this project, azo-oxime complexes of iron and manganese (seven in total) have been applied to wild multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains (isolated from sewage water of hospital).

Photoinduced chromophore dissociation resulting in aggregation-induced red fluorescence.

Fluorescent molecules are essential for bioimaging and visualizing cellular localization, functionalities, including biosensing, ion sensing, and photochromism. The photocleavable fluorescent protein PhoCl1 belongs to a sub-class of green-to-red photoconvertible β-barrel fluorescent protein and has a characteristic green fluorescence conferred by the chromophore p-HBI. In contrast to other photoconvertible proteins, that shift their fluorescence from green-to-red upon photoexposure, PhoCl1 has been reported to render itself non-fluorescent by releasing the 9 amino-acid C-terminal peptide fragment (CTPF) bearing the photo-transformed red chromophore from the β-barrel.

Cancer Cell Detection and Precision Targeting Drug Delivery by Covalently Functionalized Liposome.

In diagnostics, targeting ability is still a topic of concern for cancer cell detection as well as the drug delivery process. Selective detection of cancer cells from normal cells is a highly demanding but also crucial and challenging task. Recent emergence of folic acid as a targeting ligand can improve the drug delivery systems specifically targeted to cancer cells due to the high affinity to bind the folate receptor (FR) on the surface of cancer cells.

Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, membrane-bound particles secreted by diverse cell types and act as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication during bone regeneration. These vesicles transport bioactive cargo including proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs that modulate osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune responses within the bone microenvironment. EVs originating from mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages have demonstrated substantial potential to promote bone formation, inhibit bone resorption, and enhance vascularization.

Sennoside A from Cassia angustifolia as a mixed-type inhibitor of DPP-IV: Integrative in vitro, in silico, and kinetic characterization.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a growing global health crisis, with India alone projected to surpass 124 million cases by 2040. Its multifactorial pathophysiology-including oxidative stress, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and impaired incretin signaling-is often inadequately addressed by existing therapies, which may lose efficacy and cause side effects over time. This highlights the need for safer, multi-targeted agents from natural sources.

Analysis and optimization of polyhydroxyalkanoates production by environmental bacterial isolates from Nepal.

The versatile non-biodegradable material plastic has significantly enhanced innovation, but its production heavily relies on fossil fuels and non-renewable resources, which causes severe pollution and ecosystem disruption, highlighting the urgent need for eco-friendly alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a class of bioplastics that offer a promising solution as biodegradable, environmentally compatible, and versatile biopolymer synthesized by microorganisms using various substrates, aiding in organic waste management. This study was aimed to isolate and profile PHA producing bacteria from diverse sources such as soil, compost, landfill site, and sewage in Nepal.

siRNA as a criterion in host immunity and cancer immunotherapy: modulating factors and nano-conjugate based approach for intervention.

The use of Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) is prevalent in various cancer-based therapies. siRNA is a powerful RNAi, which can be used in clinical oncology with nanoparticles as a vector for delivery. A nano-based siRNA conjugated system has been used to target various multi-drug resistance (MDR) genes of cancer to increase therapeutic specificity and control tumor progression using effective delivery.

Ab-initio analysis of CrX (X = S, Se and Te) monolayers as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction in nonaqueous lithium-oxygen batteries.

Lithium-oxygen batteries are next-generation battery devices due to lightweight nature and high energy density with compared to conventional Li-ion batteries. These batteries consist a metal anode terminal and an oxygen diffused cathode terminal, in which oxygen is used as a reactant with metal atoms from surrounding air. Nonetheless, these systems facing the problems related to sluggish kinetics and higher overpotential due to formation of insoluble products at negative electrode during redox reaction.

Determinants of poor health-related quality of life in people with peripheral arterial disease in Nepal.

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic arterial occlusive disease. It increases mortality risk by three to fivefolds and reduces health-related quality of life (HQoL). However, research on this topic in low-income settings is scarce.

Nanotechnology-Enhanced Extracellular Vesicles -Based Chipsets in Early Cancer Detection and Theranostics.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnostics, particularly through exosome-based chipsets that offer early, non-invasive, and highly sensitive detection. These nanoscale platforms isolate and analyze extracellular vesicles (exosomes) carrying molecular signatures from cancer cells. Microfluidic and material science innovations enable detection from body fluids with high specificity, surpassing conventional diagnostic tools.

Theoretical investigation on PD-L1-In-1 for cancer immunotherapy via density functional theory.

This study presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of PD-L1-In-1 (CHNO) using the B3LYP functional with the 6-311G(d) basis set, focusing on its structural, electronic, and spectroscopic properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and UV-Vis spectra were simulated, and vibrational modes were assigned via potential energy distribution (PED) analysis using the VEDA 4 program. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis revealed hyperconjugative interactions (E) and provided insights into donor-acceptor electron densities.

Understanding low-phosphate stress responses in plants: Opportunities for genome editing to improve phosphorous use efficiency (PUE).

Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient essential for plant growth, yet its availability in soil is often limited due to poor mobility and fixation with metal ions due to acidic or alkaline soils. Plants have evolved complex adaptive responses to overcome phosphate (Pi) deficiency. Recent advancements in genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas tools, offer opportunities to enhance these adaptive traits for sustainable agriculture.

Exploring the Potential of Zein Nanoparticles in Personalised Cancer Therapy, Highlighting Their Various Methodologies, Applications and Challenges.

Zein, a corn-derived prolamine protein, has become a powerful ally in the fight against cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC.) Its unique attributes, enriched by modifiable hydroxyl and amino groups, have led to the development of advanced functionalised drug delivery systems. Innovative techniques like chemical crosslinking, desolvation, dispersion and micromixing have led to the creation of zein-based nanoparticles, revolutionising cancer therapy.

Rhinovirus, an Age-Old Problem Yet to be Solved: A Comprehensive Review Discussing Modern Therapeutics.

Background And Aims: The human Rhinovirus, a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, is the most prevalent viral pathogen in humans and the primary cause of the common cold (Verywell Health 2024). Virus-host interactions, particularly receptor-mediated adhesion, are pivotal in viral pathogenesis. Competitive inhibition and the use of anti-adhesive agents have emerged as potential strategies to prevent viral docking.

Universal features of epidemic and vaccine models.

In this paper, we study a stochastic susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic model that includes an additional immigration process. In the presence of multiplicative noise, generated by environmental perturbations, the model exhibits noise-induced transitions. The bifurcation diagram has two distinct regions of unimodality and bimodality in which the steady-state probability distribution has one and two peaks, respectively.

To grow or not to grow: the enigma of plant root growth dynamism.

Root growth and modulation in plants is a highly dynamic yet strictly regulated process. Primary root development in Arabidopsis for example, is an intricate balance between cell division in the meristematic zone and cell elongation in the elongation zone, followed by subsequent differentiation. This process involves an orchestrated series of events that depend on environmental and developmental cues.

Ag/ZnO nanodots from Artemisia austroyunnanensis as antibacterial and anticancer agents against human neuroblastoma cells.

The green synthesis of multifunctional Ag/ZnO nanodots using Artemisia austroyunnanensis leaf extract was explored for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Characterization techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of nanodots with a nanoscale size (9.02 ± 1.

DFT-based insights into novel GaN nanoring for pollutant gas adsorption: energetics and electronic modulations.

Environmental pollution, a pressing global concern, is primarily caused by the release of harmful gases. These gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), ammonia (NH), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO), and sulphur dioxide (SO), significantly contribute to climate change, environmental degradation, and adverse health effects. To address this issue, the development of advanced materials is important.

Evaluation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata against drug-resistant and HRv strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, particularly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. While previous studies have suggested andrographolide as a potential antimycobacterial agent based on in silico predictions, limited empirical evidence exists on its direct efficacy against MDR-TB. This study systematically evaluates the antimycobacterial activity of andrographolide through the microbroth dilution method against M.

Inhibiting multidrug resistant Shigella flexneri using comparative genomics guided In vitro and In silico screening.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Gram-negative bacterium Shigella is the most widely documented etiologic factor for diarrheal mortality in infants, contributing to 13.2 % of diarrheal episodes across the globe. The present surge in antibiotic resistance, increasing numbers of non-typeable strains, and the disparate regional distribution of multiple Shigella variants has rendered it obvious that novel therapeutic alternatives are desperately sought after to address the growing threat of shigellosis.

Genome wide analysis of Priestia aryabhattai_OP, an endobacterium, modulating growth, development and biochemical compositions of sporophores in edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (MTCC 1802).

The increasing global interest in the consuming and producing of edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) is driven by their well-documented nutritional and health benefits. The metagenomic analysis of fruiting body revealed a distinct microbial composition in P.

Comprehensive evaluation of isolated compounds from Sphaeranthus indicus for pest control, investigating their larvicidal, pupicidal, ovicidal, and antifeedant activities against Spodoptera litura.

The increasing threat of agricultural pests, such as Spodoptera litura, has led to over-reliance on synthetic pesticides, resulting in resistance issues. This study investigates the pesticidal potential of bioactive compounds isolated from Sphaeranthus indicus against S. litura, focusing on ilicic acid, 7α-hydroxyfrullanolide, phytol, nonacosane, and β-isocostic acid.

A Newly Characterized Phytomelatonin Transporter Promotes Tolerance Against Multiple Inorganic Pollutants in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Melatonin is a known pleiotropic antioxidant and signaling molecule, found in both plants and animals. Although melatonin was found to translocate via the human glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), any mechanism of transporter-mediated uptake of melatonin has remained unknown in plants. In the present manuscript, we found an orthologue of GLUT1 in tobacco and established its role as a functional phytomelatonin transporter (MelT) using fluorescence tracking, via melatonin-conjugated quantum dot nanoparticles.

Composites of Reduced Graphene Oxide Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

Graphene and its related nanocomposites have garnered significant interest due to their distinct physiochemical and biological properties. In this study, reduced graphene oxide-silver hybrid nanostructures were synthesized for applications in biomedical nanotechnology, particularly in targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). A range of analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS), were employed to characterize graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their composite structures.