Arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS in white and brown rice and health risk assessment.

Arsenic (As) contamination in rice poses significant health risks due to the toxicity of certain arsenicals. This study presents an improved, time-efficient method for quantifying arsenite (As), arsenate (As), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in commercial white and brown rice using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The method incorporates chromatographic modifiers and ion-pairing agents in the mobile phase, reducing overall retention time to less than 4 minutes while enhancing peak separation.

Bi-directional semi-3D network for accurate epicardial fat segmentation and quantification using reflection equivariant quantum neural networks.

The process of detecting and measuring the fat layer surrounding the heart from medical images is referred to as epicardial fat segmentation. Accurate segmentation is essential for assessing heart health and associated risk factors. It plays a critical role in evaluating cardiovascular disease, requiring advanced techniques to enhance precision and effectiveness.

Corrosion-Guided Surface Engineering of Permalloy for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The production of H via water electrolysis is limited by the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that occurs on the anode of water electrolysis. In alkaline water electrolysis, OER is catalyzed equally well by non-noble metals-based catalysts. In this study, we report one such advanced OER electrocatalyst developed by an unconventional electrochemical anodization in acid from a readily available, abundant, and cheap permalloy (NiFe).

A paper-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay coupled with a portable heating device for point-of-care detection of syphilis in low-resource settings.

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete bacterium , remains a significant global health concern. Serological methods are widely used but have limitations in early-stage infections and immunocompromised patients. This highlights the need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools to aid in syphilis management and outbreak prevention.

The Crucial Role of Solvent and Bound Oxygen on the Interplay of Cerium (III) and Cerium (IV) Chloride in a Photocatalytic Cycle for Organic Transformations.

Here, we investigate the fundamental interactions between Ce (III) chloride, molecular oxygen, and various solvent environments to elucidate their collective impact on photocatalytic efficiency. Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and computational modeling, we discovered that in acetonitrile (MeCN), O molecules directly bind to the metal complex using the sphere of action model with a separation distance of 2.35 Å.

Bathophenanthroline-promoted C(sp)-H alkylation of N-heteroarenes using alcohols: a practical approach.

We present a transition-metal-free and environmentally friendly method for the alkylation of C(sp)-H bonds in methyl-substituted N-heteroarenes using alcohols, mediated by bathophenanthroline. This straightforward and practical protocol employs readily available alcohols as alkylating agents, affording the desired alkylated N-heteroarenes in good to excellent yields using a broad range of aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic alcohols. The method also exhibits broad compatibility with various substituted methyl-N-heteroarenes, affording C-alkylated products in moderate to good yields.

Performance improvement of solar still by water mass splitting arrangement.

The study explored the use of a black rubber mat as a cost-effective material for energy storage and water splitting, and its potential for enhancing potable water production. In this research, a solar still (SS) and a modified version incorporating a rubber mat were designed and tested. The rubber mat was placed at the bottom of the conventional tubular SS, and the performance of the experimental work was evaluated on 09-10-2019, from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm.

Magnitude of Beta-Hemoglobinopathies through Biomarkers among the Selected Tribes of Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Hemoglobinopathies present a growing challenge to global healthcare resources. These disorders are monogenic: caused by a single gene, and they are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner from parents to offspring. Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease are the primary forms of Hemoglobinopathies.

Pulmonary Vein PI, Cardiac Function and Remodeling in SGA Fetuses`.

Background: To investigate the myocardial performance index (MPI), global sphericity index (GSI) and pulmonary vein pulsatility index (PVPI) changes in FGR fetuses in an Indian population.

Method: In this prospective observational study, 70 fetuses from 26 weeks to term were recruited into two groups: 35 fetuses with appropriate growth (controls) and 35 with EFW < 10th centile, which were further classified into SGA ( = 14) and FGR ( = 21) based on vessel Doppler parameter (umbilical artery PI > 95th centile, CPR < 5th centile). PVPI, MPI and GSI were measured and compared among groups.

The Impact of Isotretinoin on Lipid Profile: a Systematic Review.

Background: Isotretinoin, or 13-cis retinoic acid, is prescribed to treat moderate to severe recalcitrant nodulocystic acne that remains untreated with other drugs, such as antibiotics. The adverse effect profile of isotretinoin has raised concerns since studies have reported a substantial elevation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, indicating the risk of cardiovascular diseases after a long-term course of isotretinoin. Assessing the impact of isotretinoin on lipid profile markers in acne patients was the aim of this systematic review.

Nanorobots: Trailblazing the Future of Pharmaceuticals Through Targeted Therapy and Disease Monitoring.

Introduction: This review explores the design principles, sensor mechanisms, and propulsion systems of nanorobots, highlighting their applications in targeted drug delivery, disease monitoring, and broader biomedical fields. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of how nanorobots transform pharmaceutical delivery systems and precision therapy.

Methodology: A structured literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

UPLC-LCMS-Based Method Development, Validation, Forced Degradation, and Impurity Profiling of Nirogacestat Drug Substance.

Introduction: This study aims to establish a novel, straightforward, and reliable UPLCMS method for determining the stability and impurity profile of Nirogacestat under various stress conditions, in accordance with ICH guidelines. The stability of Nirogacestat was investigated under various stress conditions, including acid/base hydrolysis, oxidation (H2O2), photolysis, reduction, and thermal degradation. This research addresses the need for a validated, stability-indicating method that performs reliably across key analytical parameters, thereby contributing to pharmaceutical quality assurance.

A novel method for high-precision tungsten isotope measurements on small-size samples.

The application of Hf - W system for accurate dating and tracing of planetary events relies on highly accurate and precise tungsten isotope measurements. However, high-precision measurement of W isotopes usually requires large samples, which greatly hampers the study of low-content and/or small-size samples. In this study, a two-column W purification procedure was developed for small-size samples with the whole procedure blank of less than 40 pg and the recovery greater than 97 %.

In vitroanti-inflammatory effects of alginate sulfate and optimization of alginate sulfate/PVA/CA-based microneedle system.

Polymeric modification and transdermal delivery are rapidly growing fields. In this study, alginate sulfate (AlgS) was synthesized with varying degrees of sulfation using chlorosulfonic acid. The results indicated a greater level of sulfation for the reaction with increased chlorosulfonic content.

An alternative approach to replacing the synthetic radioprotective drug amifostine with natural compounds in a piscine model exposed to Co gamma radiation.

Radioprotection is a critical necessity in modern society, where synthetic drugs are currently the most prevalent agents used. However, natural compounds are gaining attention as promising radioprotectors due to their reduced adverse effects on human health. This study aims to explore the potential of natural compounds to replace the synthetic radioprotective drug, amifostine.

Chronic exposure to food additives: Monosodium glutamate and tartrazine dysregulate gut-brain axis in zebrafish model.

The commonly used food additives to enhance color and flavor are Monosodium glutamate and Tartrazine. The effects of both were investigated on chronic exposure of over 30 days to adult zebrafish, in four groups: control, tartazine (31,844 ppm), monosodium glutamate (10.9 × 10 ppm), and a combined exposure group (monosodium glutamate+tartazine = 5450 ppm + 15,922 ppm), with 10 fish per group in triplicates.

Incidence of local treatment and metastasis during active surveillance for patients with a small renal mass in a national multicenter prospective cohort.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of local treatment and incidence of metastasis for patients with a solitary small renal mass (SRM) (≤4cm) initiating active surveillance (AS).

Materials And Methods: Patients enrolled in the Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) between January 2011 and January 2023 with a solitary renal mass ≤4cm opting for AS were included. The primary outcome was local treatment progression, achieved if the patient received definitive local treatment after initiating AS.

Exploring the structural and electronic properties of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) as nanocarrier for drug delivery applications: DFT approach.

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional mechanical strength, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. However, their limited solubility in aqueous environments poses a major challenge for biomedical applications. In this study, we employ density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the impact of hydroxyl (-OH) and amine (-NH) functionalization on the structural, electronic, and solubility characteristics of BNNTs.

Auramine O, food dye induces cognitive impairment, anxiety, alters synaptic transmission and neural growth in zebrafish model.

Synthetic food dyes, widely used to enhance the visual appeal of food and beverages, are associated with potential neurobehavioral impacts, particularly in children. Despite its banned status in many regions, Auramine O (AO) has been detected as a contaminant in various food products. In silico studies have demonstrated that AO can induce neurotoxic effects.

Xanthan gum-stabilized docosahexaenoic acid loaded nanoemulgel: A stable nutraceutical delivery system with enhanced bioavailability.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid beneficial for brain development and cardiovascular health. DHA has poor aqueous solubility and is highly susceptible to oxidation, limiting its bioavailability. To address these challenges, in the present investigation, nanoemulsion was prepared using DHA-enriched edible algal oil and tween 80 as an emulsifier (1 %) initially.

Mechanistic understanding of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp)-mediated epigenetic regulation of T helper cell differentiation in acute leukemia.

Unlabelled: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is exclusively expressed in hematopoietic cells, yet its role in leukemia remains poorly defined. This study investigates the epigenetic regulation of key immune genes by T helper (T) cell transcription factors. Human CD4⁺ T cells from healthy donors and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were transfected with control CRISPR (CO), WASp knockout (WKO), and WASp overexpression (WOE) plasmids.

Framework for Creating Successful Multidisciplinary Translational Research Teams.

Translational research teams are the need of the hour to address society's complex problems. Researchers from various disciplines coordinate and collaborate to form research teams. The translation of their work from inception to social impact is integral to the team's function.

Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery in Bone Tissue Engineering.

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) faces critical challenges in managing infections such as osteomyelitis, which complicate healing and compromise implant success. Conventional antibiotic therapies often fail to achieve effective localized drug concentrations without systemic toxicity. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have emerged as a transformative solution, offering spatiotemporally controlled, on-demand antibiotic release triggered by environmental cues such as pH, temperature, enzymatic activity, and redox conditions.

Endotoxin Levels after Calcium Hydroxide Placement in Root Canals Irrigated with Continuous or Sequential Chelation in Previously Treated Teeth with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Endotoxins are proinflammatory components of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to test the null hypotheses that (i) there is no significant difference between continuous chelation irrigation (5.25% sodium hypochlorite + 9% etidronic acid) and sequential chelation (5.