Gut microbiome and mitochondrial crosstalk in Schizophrenia, a mental disability: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Gut-mitochondria is an emerging paradigm in understanding the pathophysiology of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia (SCZ). This bidirectional communication network connects the gastrointestinal microbiota with mitochondrial function and brain health, offering novel insights into disease onset and progression. SCZ, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, cognitive impairments, and social withdrawal, has traditionally been attributed to genetic and neurochemical imbalances.

Attention Gated-VGG with deep learning-based features for Alzheimer's disease classification.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be one of the neurodegenerative diseases with possible cognitive deficits related to dementia in human subjects. High priority should be put on efforts aimed at early detection of AD.

Research Design And Methods: Here, images undergo a pre-processing phase that integrates image resizing and the application of median filters.

Impact of diabetes on outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular events as compared to non-diabetic patients. This analysis investigated outcomes of diabetic patients presenting with multivessel disease (MVD) and STEMI in a contemporary trial and the relevance of an immediate versus staged multivessel PCI strategy in this high-risk population.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the MULTISTARS AMI trial were stratified according to the presence/absence of diabetes.

Developing representations of a 'new' illness using the Common Sense Model: evolving COVID-19 illness representations and their associations with protective behaviours in the Scottish population.

Objective: There is a lack of research on how illness representations as represented in the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (CS-SRM) emerge and develop. We aimed to describe the evolution of COVID-19 illness representations over time, and to explore associations with sociodemographic characteristics and protective behaviours.

Methods And Measures: This study (June 2020 release from lockdown to February 2021 after vaccine roll-out) used 17 independently recruited cross-sectional cohorts.

In vitro evaluation of color characterization, mechanical properties, and antimicrobial activity of 3D-printed provisional dental resin incorporated with Ficus carica (Fig) seed extract.

Background Of The Study: known for its bioactive phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential; however, studies evaluating its outcome on the color, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of 3D-printed provisional dental resins are lacking. So this study evaluate the effect of seed extract incorporation on the color assessment, flexural strength, compressive strength, microhardness and antimicrobial activity of 3D-printed provisional crown and bridge resin.

Materials And Methods: A total of 240 samples were prepared, with 60 samples allocated to four groups based on 0 %, 1.

Leveraging for an Exquisite Symmetric Supercapacitor─A Cost-Effective MnCO Synthesis Approach for Energy Storage Application.

Sugarcane () was employed as a sustainable carbon source to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) spherical manganese carbonate (MnCO) microspheres, offering a green route to advanced electrode material for high-energy-density symmetric supercapacitors. Although numerous synthesis strategies and material modifications have been explored, a detailed evaluation of environmentally friendly synthesis pathways remains essential. In this study, MnCO microspheres were successfully synthesized via a sugar-derived green synthesis followed by hydrothermal treatment.

Post Contrast-Acute Kidney Injury in CT Imaging: A Knowledge, Perception and Practice Assessment among Radiographers and Radiologists.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), often referred to as post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), remains a significant issue in diagnostic imaging procedures that utilize iodinated contrast agents. This study aims to examine the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of radiologists and radiographers regarding PC-AKI. A survey was conducted among South Indian radiologists and radiographers in November and December of 2024.

Vitamins and Iron-Deficiency Gestational Anemia - A Review.

Vitamins, as essential m icronutrients, are vital for numerous cellular functions and play a key role in maintaining hematological parameter s during pregnancy, including erythropoiesis and processes affecting iron status. Iron-Deficient Gestational Anemia (IDGA), the most common clinicopathological condition in obstetrics and highly prevalent in developing countries, significantly contributes to complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes. While it is recognized that vitamin deficiencies impact iron metabolism and erythropoiesis, a complete understanding of their specific roles in preventing and managing IDGA is lacking.

Role of in chronic inflammation and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral cancer pathogenesis is significantly influenced by species, especially , through chronic inflammation and cellular dysregulation. Epidemiological studies highlight a strong correlation between persistent infections and oral carcinogenesis. Experimental evidence has identified key biomolecular mechanisms, including biofilm formation, epithelial invasion, and immune evasion.

Advances in cellulosic natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites: Properties, additive manufacturing and hybridisation - A review.

This review critically examines the rapidly advancing field of cellulosic natural fibre-reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites, with a particular emphasis on material innovation aligned with sustainability and environmental responsibility. The review presents a systematic analysis of recent literature evaluating the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, wear, and machining characteristics of NFRP composites, as well as the influence of advanced processing approaches such as additive manufacturing. Special attention is given to the structure-property relationships and hybridisation strategies employed to address limitations such as relatively lower mechanical performance and durability compared to synthetic fibre composites.

Structural sensitivity of a tri-trophic food chain model in a parameter plane.

Biological models are important in describing species interaction, disease spread, and environmental processes. One key aspect in improving the predictive capability of these models is deciding which parametrization is used to formulate the mathematical model. Considering two distinct functions with similar shapes and the same qualitative properties in a model can lead to markedly different model predictions.

Recent developments and innovative application of propolis in the food industry: a natural preservative from honeybee waste.

Unlabelled: Propolis, or bee glue, is a resinous substance produced by honeybees from plant resins, rich in bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cavity properties. These qualities make it a valuable natural preservative in the food industry, extending shelf life and preventing spoilage. Propolis has gained attention as an alternative to synthetic preservatives.

Preserving the tribal identity: A policy imperative for indigenous well-being and conservation of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in South India.

Purpose: This short communication explores how identity erosion among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India, impacts their wellness and ecological stewardship. It aims to highlight culturally specific disruptions across generations and recommend policy responses that are identity-affirming and context-sensitive.

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used an epistemological approach to understand tribal perceptions through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with elders and youth from select members of the PVTGs in the Nilgiris.

Hypoglycaemia During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy and Feto-Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The significance of hypoglycaemia during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in pregnancy is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) evaluated if hypoglycaemia during OGTT predicts feto-maternal outcomes. Electronic databases were searched for studies in pregnancy where an OGTT at 24-28 weeks was done and feto-maternal outcomes were documented.

Retrograde cerebral perfusion to support aortic arch repair.

Introduction: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and aortic arch aneurysms are life-threatening conditions requiring complex surgical intervention, often involving circulatory arrest. Cerebral ischemia and neurological complications remain significant challenges in aortic arch surgery. This narrative review focuses on retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) techniques used to mitigate these risks.

Current Practices for Mental Fatigue Quantification and Induction in Movement Science: Introducing the SPeCIFY Guidelines.

Mental fatigue (MF) is a complex phenomenon with significant implications for human performance, for which there are numerous studies investigating the effects of MF. Nevertheless, there is considerable variability in the approaches used to induce and quantify MF, making it hard to compare findings across studies and draw well-supported conclusions. This review addresses the methodological variability in the induction and quantification methods of MF in movement science in the following ways: on the one hand, by providing an overview of task design strategies to induce MF, emphasizing the importance of tailoring task duration, difficulty, and nature to individual participants and specific research contexts; on the other hand, by providing an overview of current methods used to quantify MF, including behavioural, subjective, and physiological measures, and highlighting the strengths and limitations of each.

Achieving white light emission from a hydrazone through three different channels: AIE, solvatochromism and excitation wavelength.

Reported herein is a hetero-bis-hydrazone that emits white light, capitalizing on AIE, solvatochromism, and tuning excitation wavelength. Two ESIPT moieties simultaneously emitting in the blue and orange regions led to white light. The presence of four tautomers, two from each, was crucial to achieve this.

Photocatalyst-free synthesis of quinazolinones from -aminobenzamides and rongalite under visible light.

A photocatalyst-free method has been developed for the synthesis of quinazolinones from -aminobenzamides and rongalite as a C synthon under visible light for the first time. This transformation proceeds using atmospheric oxygen as the oxidant, involving the generation of a superoxide radical anion (O˙), as supported by EPR analysis. Additionally, the formation of HO was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis.

Partitioning, bioaccumulation, and sources of parent and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Sri Lankan aquatic environments: Ecological and human health implications.

Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) including chlorinated (ClPAHs) and brominated (BrPAHs) variants, are emerging contaminants that are considered the next-generation candidates of persistent organic pollutants. Since there was a significant gap exists in understanding of partitioning dynamics of HPAHs between the particulate phase (PP) and dissolved phase (DP) considering many congeners, this study analyzed 75 congeners of parent PAHs and HPAHs (p/HPAHs) in the samples collected from 27 sites from 20 water bodies in Sri Lanka. The results revealed that the mean of the total concentrations of PAHs, ClPAHs, and BrPAHs in the aqueous phase (PP + DP) were 55.

Cissus quadrangularis mediated biogenic synthesis of silver-nanohydroxyapatite-mesoporous silica nanocomposite, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation on dental pulp stem cells.

This study focuses on tripartite synthesis of Silver (AgNPs), Mesoporous Silica (MSNs), and Hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) nanoparticles with aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt grape plant; Indian name: Pirandai) as a reducing agent. The dried and powdered form of the plant was subjected to aqueous extraction. The phytochemicals analysis was qualitatively estimated which detected the presence of alkaloid, tannin, phenol, terpenoid, steroid and saponin.

A Real-Time Epilepsy Detection Method Using Embedded Zero Tree Wavelet Approach and Support Vector Machine.

Temporary disturbances in brain function are caused by epilepsy, a chronic disorder resulting from sudden abnormal firing of brain neurons. This research introduces an innovative real-time methodology representing detecting epileptic spasms from electroencephalogram (EEG) data. It employs a support vector machine (SVM) alongside embedded zero tree wavelet (EZW) transform.

Structural and morphological characterization of silver nanoparticles intruded mineral trioxide aggregate admixture as a chair-side restorative medicament: an in vitro experimental study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to create a rapid admixture of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for chairside use in clinical settings to remediate the challenges associated with root canal treatment and pulp capping.

Methods: Synthesized AgNPs at ratios of 10 and 25% were added to commercially available MTA to create an admixture. The admixture was subjected to structural and morphological assessment using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.

The Role of Phytosterol Derivatives in Inhibiting LuxS-Mediated Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium of the Vibrionaceae family, is a notable opportunistic pathogen that affects aquatic organisms, such as shrimp and fish. The LuxS enzyme, a Zn-dependent metalloenzyme, governs the synthesis of autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a conserved quorum-sensing molecule that modulates gene expression related to virulence in Vibrio species and Escherichia coli. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of marine algae-derived bioactive compounds against the LuxS/AI-2 quorum-sensing system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Structure-based design of alicyclic fused pyrazole derivatives for targeting TGF-β receptor I kinase: molecular docking and dynamics insights.

TGF-β receptor I kinase plays a significant role in cancer biology and is a well-established target for cancer drug development, as evidenced by active molecules like Galunisertib (LY2157229). Computational studies were conducted to analyse the catalytic site of TGF-β receptor I kinase, identifying key amino acid residues essential for binding. Based on these findings, Alicyclic fused pyrazole derivatives were designed.