Elbow and wrist ultrasonography during annual examinations of veterans with spinal cord injury: An observational study.

The purpose of this observational, cross-sectional, quality improvement project was to assess if musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders of the wrist and elbow could be identified during the Veterans Administration spinal cord injury (SCI) annual examination (AE) using screening ultrasound (US) in SCI patients and to assess the relationship between US findings and associated risk factors for musculoskeletal conditions. A questionnaire was administered during the AE and a focused MSK examination of the wrist and elbow was performed. Screening US was performed on the patients' symptomatic elbows and wrists to evaluate pathology.

Fenofibrate in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Fenofibrate forms the standard of care for managing hypertriglyceridemia. Many of these patients have associated metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). No systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has analysed the impact of fenofibrate in MASLD.

Efficacy and Safety of Twincretin Survodutide, a Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist as an Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Medication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Survodutide is a twincretin having dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonist activity, conceptually based on endogenous peptide oxyntomodulin. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) holistically analyzed the body weight lowering, glycemic efficacy, and safety of survodutide. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving diabetes and/or obesity patients receiving once-weekly subcutaneous survodutide in intervention arm and placebo/active comparator in control arm.

Epicardial adipose tissue in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral fat depot surrounding the myocardium and evidence suggests its potential role in the development of cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: (1) quantify EAT measurements (thickness and volume) in patients with T1DM, and (2) compare EAT measurements between T1DM patients and healthy controls.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using a systematic search strategy to identify studies that measured EAT thickness or volume in T1DM patients in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL.

Revisiting the Cardiorenal Safety of Sitagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health problem globally, with significant socioeconomic ramifications for healthcare systems. Diabetes unquestionably contributes to both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic renal disease. Hospitalization, low quality of life, and high mortality rate are inevitable in patients with this dual burden.

Evaluation of the Psychosocial Status of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Treating Physicians Using the Glycemic Happiness Scale: A Multicentric, Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and treating physicians using a novel Glycemic Happiness (GH) scale.

Methods: This was a real-world, prospective, multicentric, cross-sectional observational study. Male and female participants aged ≥ 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of T2D were eligible to take part.

Safety of Rapid Intermittent Bolus versus Slow Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline for Managing Symptomatic Severe Hyponatremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aims: Three percent hypertonic saline (3NS) is an established treatment for severe hyponatremia. The optimal regimen for administering 3NS for severe hyponatremia, with the aim to minimize side effects is not known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety profile of rapid intermittent bolus (RIB) versus slow continuous infusion (SCI) of 3NS for managing symptomatic severe hyponatremia.

A retrospective study of 5S behaviours of Physical Activity (PA) among suburban Mumbai population with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Background: T2DM is a chronic metabolic disorder to manage the same lifestyle modification is cornerstone. In 2022, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) published a consensus report targeting the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which emphasised the importance of regular aerobic and resistance exercise. Both forms of physical activity (PA) can improve blood glucose, HbA1C levels, flexibility and balance.

Non-Viral Delivery Systems to Transport Nucleic Acids for Inherited Retinal Disorders.

Inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) represent a group of challenging genetic conditions that often lead to severe visual impairment or blindness. The complexity of these disorders, arising from their diverse genetic causes and the unique structural and functional aspects of retinal cells, has made developing effective treatments particularly challenging. Recent advancements in gene therapy, especially non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polymersomes, offer promising solutions.

Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

No meta-analysis has analysed role of cagrilintide as weight-loss medication in obese individuals. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving obese individuals receiving cagrilintide or cagrilintide-2.4 mg with semaglutide-2.

Screening For Occult Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using NT-proBNP: Real-World Evidence From a Tertiary Care Center in India.

Objective Heart failure (HF) is an important underrecognized complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent literature and recommendations support screening for HF among T2DM people attending the outpatient department (OPD) in non-emergency settings using a biomarker. The present study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that assesses the prevalence of screen positivity (S+) for undiagnosed HF among T2DM people (with normal electrocardiogram (ECG) and no history of heart disease) attending the OPD at a tertiary care center in India using N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).

Role of Growth Hormone Therapy in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Multiple observation studies and meta-analysis have linked growth hormone (GH) deficiency with metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). No meta-analysis has analysed the efficacy and safety of GH therapy on different aspects of MASLD. We undertook this meta-analysis to address this gap in knowledge.

The Acute Coronary Syndrome Risk in Medically Managed Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Is the ASCVD Risk Score Failing Here?

Objectives: Type 2 Diabetics have elevated risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The current management algorithm focuses on atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) risk score to stratify this risk. However, in medically managed subjects, this algorithm may not be accurate.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: A significant number of patients face the issue of weight gain (WG) or inadequate weight loss (IWL) post-bariatric surgery for obesity. Several studies have been published evaluating the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) for weight loss post-bariatric surgery. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) till date has evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of GLP1RA in this clinical scenario.

Expert eValuation of Efficacy and Rationality of Vildagliptin "EVER-Vilda": An Indian Perspective.

Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is effective in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when administered as monotherapy, dual or triple combination therapy. In India, Vildagliptin is commonly prescribed in T2DM patients because it reduces mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), has lower risk of hypoglycemia and is weight neutral. Early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin is effective and well-tolerated in patients with T2DM, regardless of age or ethnicity.

Hyperprolactinemia Due to Prolactinoma has an Adverse Impact on Bone Health with Predominant Impact on Trabecular Bone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: No meta-analysis has holistically analysed and summarized the effect of prolactin excess due to prolactinomas on bone mineral metabolism. We undertook this meta-analysis to address this knowledge-gap.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies having patients with hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinoma and the other being a matched control group.

Ulinastatin Add-on to Standard of Care in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Aim: To assess the impact on 30-day mortality with ulinastatin (ULI) used as add-on to standard of care (SOC) compared to SOC alone in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Materials And Methods: In this multicentric, retrospective study, we collected data on clinical, laboratory, and outcome parameters in patients with COVID-19. Thirty-day mortality outcome was compared among patients treated with SOC alone and ULI used as add-on to SOC.

Primary Care Screening Tool for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Step One in the Battle Against Non-Communicable Disease.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often the first manifestation, in adolescents and young adults, of metabolic problems that may occur later. Early identification, timely referral and appropriate treatment can result in improved reproductive, metabolic and comprehensive health. However, unlike other components of metabolic syndrome, which can be diagnosed at primary care level, there is no inexpensive, clinical tool to screen for PCOS.

Osteoporosis and diabetes: The dual pandemics.

Bone health is an important, but neglected aspect of diabetes care. People with type 1 diabetes are known to have a lower bone mineral density (BMD), which put them at a greater risk of osteoporosis and fractures. While BMD in those with type 2 diabetes is often misleading, multiple factors operate to increase the risk of falls and fractures in them.

Counselling for Testosterone Therapy in Mid Life Men.

Testosterone is frequently used for the optimization of mid-life health. This therapy is effective and safe if accompanied by adequate counseling, before prescription, and during administration. In this opinion piece, we discuss the style and substance of medication counseling for testosterone therapy.