Safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Data on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during Ramadan fasting is limited. No meta-analysis has summarized the safety and effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in these situations.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of GLP-1RA in patients with T2DM fasting during Ramadan.

Impacts of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolic and Hepatic Endpoints in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Previous studies examining the impact of Ramadan fasting on patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have yielded mixed results. Therefore, assessing the health benefits of such fasting in patients with MAFLD through a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) is important.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.

Cushing's syndrome due to Carney complex in two siblings.

Carney complex (CNC), an inherited disorder, is rarely diagnosed in children. We present two siblings diagnosed with CNC. The younger sister presented with primary amenorrhoea, while the brother sought evaluation for weight gain.

Prevalence of diabetes distress among people with type 2 diabetes in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes distress (DD), an emotional problem arising from the challenges of living with diabetes and the relentless burden of daily self-management, is common among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). South Asia has a high T2D burden, and many studies have reported varying prevalence rates of DD in this area.

Aim: To estimate the pooled prevalence of DD among patients with T2D in South Asia, as it is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

Safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) and its impacts on blood pressure and renal function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The safety and efficacy of esaxerenone (ESAX), a novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, remain insufficiently explored in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MA). This SR/MA aimed to investigate the safety and effects of ESAX on blood pressure (BP) and renal function.

Methods: Multiple databases and registers were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials and real-world studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of ESAX in various conditions.

Thrice-Weekly Insulin Degludec Versus Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy and safety of thrice-weekly insulin degludec (IDeg 3TW) versus once-daily insulin glargine (IGlar OD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are scarce and not uniform. Moreover, no systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) is available for such a comparison. This SRM aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of IDeg 3TW versus IGlar OD in the available RCTs in T2DM.

The economic benefits of fracture prevention.

Introduction: Osteoporosis-related fractures represent a significant and growing public health concern, especially in aging populations. Despite the availability of effective treatments, significant care gaps persist in both primary and secondary prevention.

Areas Covered: This narrative review synthesizes key findings from economic evaluations examining the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, fracture liaison services (FLS), and FRAX®-based intervention thresholds.

Optimizing Bone Health in Diabetes: Strategies for Fracture Risk Reduction in Public Healthcare.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we explore the under-recognized burden of fractures in diabetes, focusing on resource-constrained healthcare systems. We examine the epidemiology, assessment methodologies, and management approaches to osteoporosis in diabetes and discuss strategies to improve skeletal health outcomes.

Recent Findings: Public healthcare strategies for fracture risk reduction in diabetes include educating healthcare providers, empowering patients, and integrating fracture liaison services for secondary prevention.

Efficacy and Safety of Twincretin Survodutide, a Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist as an Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Medication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Survodutide is a twincretin having dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonist activity, conceptually based on endogenous peptide oxyntomodulin. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) holistically analyzed the body weight lowering, glycemic efficacy, and safety of survodutide. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving diabetes and/or obesity patients receiving once-weekly subcutaneous survodutide in intervention arm and placebo/active comparator in control arm.

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) deficiency patient with gender dysphoria: insights into challenges in management.

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that impairs testosterone synthesis, leading to undervirilisation in 46,XY individuals. An individual in their early 20s, raised as female, developed male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. Evaluation revealed a 46,XY karyotype.

Trabecular Bone Score in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Trabecular bone score (TBS) independently predicts diabetic bone disease. Many studies have compared TBS in those with and without diabetes, showing inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate TBS in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and clarify its role, considering gender and other confounders.

Comparative Effectiveness of Glucagon-like Peptide-1- Receptor Agonists in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved or Minimally Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Comprehensive Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Regression.

Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or minimally reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to consolidate evidence from RCTs assessing the effects of GLP-1 RAs in HFpEF and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods: Several databases were searched comprehensively for relevant RCTs.

Expert Opinion on Management Advancements in Sarcopenia: From Muscle Wasting to Recovery.

Sarcopenia, an age-related condition marked by the decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, often leads to loss of function, disability, and diminished quality of life (QoL) in the elderly population. Despite its growing prevalence, sarcopenia is frequently underdiagnosed and inadequately managed. Timely detection and appropriate interventions are crucial to slowing disease progression and minimizing associated risks.

Obesonomics.

Economic and commercial determinants of health, as well as health- related determinants of economy, are gradually being understood by researchers and public health specialists. One condition which is influenced by economic factors, and which also impacts economic health, is obesity. In this opinion piece, we conceptualize obesonomics as the bidirectional relationship between obesity and economic health.

Effect of beinaglutide, a thrice-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, on body weight and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Beinaglutide, a short-acting glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist, has shown variable efficacy in weight reduction and metabolic control in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Aim: To summarize the therapeutic effects of beinaglutide in patients with overweight/obesity with/without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: RCTs involving patients receiving beinaglutide in the intervention arm and placebo or active comparator in the control arm were searched through multiple electronic databases.

Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can improve metabolic parameters and significantly reduce weight and fat mass. Evidence regarding the use of SGLT2i in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is limited. The current systematic review compared the efficacy of SGLT2i with placebo or other active comparators in PCOS.

Efficacy and Safety of Early Initiation of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitors Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the preferred agents for managing type 2 diabetes in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and for reducing hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in patients with heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. We undertook this meta-analysis, as, to date, no meta-analysis has holistically analysed the potential benefits and safety of SGLT2i in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with MI who received SGLT2i in the intervention arm (initiated within 2 weeks of the index event) and placebo/active comparator in the control arm.

Forty-four Years of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study: Legacy Effect and Beyond.

The results of the third phase of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, recently published in , reinforce the crucial role of early intensive glycaemic control in protection against micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. The benefits persist into the third decade after the completion of the trial, long after the difference in glycated haemoglobin between the intensive and standard arms has disappeared. This 'legacy effect' emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and aggressive management of diabetes from the time of its identification.

One-hour vs Two-hour Postprandial Glucose Targets and Fetomaternal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The optimal time and target for postprandial glucose (PPG) measurement in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether targeting 1-hour PPG (1 hPG) vs 2-hour PPG (2 hPG) altered fetomaternal outcomes in GDM.

Methods: Studies that compared pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing 1 hPG vs 2 hPG monitoring in GDM were identified through comprehensive search of electronic databases.

Reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite therapeutic benefits, discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) due to adverse events (AEs) and other causes. No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the RCTs.

Aim: To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide controls [placebo, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras)] in RCTs.

Unraveling BURnout Determinants among ENdocrinologists in Indian conText (UNBURDEN-IT).

Introduction: Burnout is a growing concern among healthcare providers, with varying prevalence by specialty. While reports suggest that up to half of endocrinologists experience burnout, few systematic studies exist to identify the factors responsible.

Methods: We conducted an electronic survey of practicing endocrinologists across India.

Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism Based Therapies in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The exponential increase in obesity is responsible for the increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Weight loss is critical to improvement in OSA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonism-based therapies (GLP1RA-BT) have been associated with significant weight loss.

Metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery versus lifestyle intervention in adolescents with severe obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data from clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) compared to lifestyle modifications (LSM) in children and adolescents with obesity are scarce. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) sought to fill this knowledge gap. Randomised or non-randomised trials spanning at least one-year involving children and adolescents with severe obesity receiving any form of MBS in the intervention group and LSM for weight loss in the control group were systematically searched through electronic databases.

Renal effects and safety of tirzepatide in subjects with and without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as obesity, are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. The renal impacts of glucose-lowering and weight-lowering drugs and their potential benefits in preventing CKD often guide clinicians in choosing them appropriately. Only limited data based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is currently available on the renal effects and safety profile of tirzepatide.