Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu-Hf isotopes in Ryugu.

Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.

Sodium orthovanadate alleviates lethal effect of total-body irradiation in mice without impairing recovery of male reproductive function.

Sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a potent inhibitor of p53, has been shown in earlier work to alleviate total-body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic syndrome. However, as p53 plays a crucial role in normal spermatogenesis, its suppression may raise concerns about potential adverse effects on male reproductive function. In this study, we investigated whether vanadate exacerbates impairment of male fertility when administered for hematopoietic protection under TBI conditions.

Comparison of supine and upright postures for liver respiratory motion management in radiotherapy.

Background: Understanding respiratory motions of liver and its surrogate organs is crucial for precise dose delivery in liver cancer radiotherapy. Although these motions have been studied for respiratory motion management in the supine posture, few studies have quantified them and evaluated their correlations in the upright posture.

Purpose: This study quantified the respiratory motions of liver and surrogate organs and evaluated the correlations between the liver motions and surrogate signals for respiratory motion monitoring in both the supine and upright postures.

Possibility of increasing linear energy transfer in multi-ion radiotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

Background: Multi-ion radiotherapy using carbon, oxygen, and neon ions aims to improve local control by increasing dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET) in the target. However, there has been limited understanding of how to utilize variables for multi-ion treatment planning such as the selection and arrangement of ion species.

Purpose: An in silico study was conducted to explore the feasibility of increasing a minimum LET, and the optimal selection and arrangement of ion species in multi-ion therapy for increasing LET in tumors of varying sizes mimicking bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTS).

Quantification of monoamine oxidase B expression with C-SL25.1188 for imaging reactive astrocytes in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: Astrocyte reactivation can be assessed using positron emission tomography (PET) ligands targeting monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). C-SL25.1188 binds reversibly to MAO-B, allowing precise density measurements, but requires invasive arterial sampling.

Virtual reality navigation for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The development of non-invasive clinical diagnostics is paramount for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tangles in AD originate from the entorhinal cortex, a cortical memory area that mediates navigation via path integration (PI). Here, we studied correlations between PI errors and levels of a range of AD biomarkers using a 3D virtual reality navigation system to explore PI as a non-invasive surrogate marker for early detection.

Trans-Scale Insights into Variability in Radiation Cancer Risk Across Tissues, Individuals, and Species.

Diversity is evident in various aspects of life and the human population. The current radiological protection system considers the diversity in disease susceptibility and incorporates some of it to provide a unified risk model for the human population. This paper focuses on variability in cancer risk among cells/tissues, individuals, and animal species.

Advances in malignant hyperthermia: novel insights into heat-induced Ca release as a thermal signaling.

Thermoregulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis in mammals under various environmental conditions. Impairment of this function can result in severe conditions, such as fever, heat stroke, and malignant hyperthermia (MH). In this review, we will focus on the role of the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1), a Ca release channel that is crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles.

Detection of actinides in wound swabs by the measurement of spontaneously emitted characteristic X-rays.

In the event of an accident at a nuclear fuel handling facility, the wounds of the affected workers may be contaminated with actinides such as uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium. The accidental absorption of actinides from wounds can lead to a significant degree of internal radiation exposure, which can be hazardous to the human body. Although the current approach for identifying actinide contamination is based on the detection of α-particles, the applicability of this approach is reduced for wound contamination due to the α-particles being easily shielded by various components of bodily fluid.

Ultra-high dose rate protons in clinical irradiation suppress DNA single-strand breaks induction in the below nano-second time scale of physicochemical stages.

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) proton radiotherapy on DNA damage compared to conventional dose rate (CONV) radiotherapy. We hypothesized that the unique physicochemical processes associated with UHDR could lead to a reduction of DNA damage. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify the time scale of the physicochemical processes in which the suppression of SSBs by UHDR proton irradiation occurs.

Changes in yields of oxidative damages 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the presence of gold nanoparticles under X-rays, protons and heavy ions.

Objectives: To clarify the mechanisms of GNPs radiosensitizing effects, we investigated changes in yields of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is an oxidative damage marker and generated by reactions of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) with OH radicals in aqueous solutions.

Methods: Aqueous dG (Sigma Aldrich) solutions (500 μM) are irradiated with X-rays, protons and heavy ions in a wide LET range. The examined LET range is from about 2 to 600 eV/nm.

The impact of sleep quality on resting-state functional connectivity.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of natural sleep quality on the subsequent day's resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) connectivity patterns.

Methods: Fourteen healthy female subjects participated in two sets of tests that included sleep assessments and MRI scans across two consecutive days. Sleep quality was objectively measured using a portable EEG monitor in the participant's home environment.

Multi-spin Redox Sensor for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Tissue Redox State : Validation of Data With a Conventional Spin Probe.

Background/aim: Redox imaging is one of the fastest growing areas in diagnostics of pathologies accompanied by redox imbalance. We describe a multi-spin redox sensor (RS) and its application for redox imaging in mice using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

Materials And Methods: The probe is composed of a quantum dot functionalized with a cyclodextrin shell, conjugated with nitroxide residues (TEMPO) and triphenylphosphonium to achieve intracellular delivery.

Neural Correlates of Resistance to Gaming Desire Induced by Social Media Content.

The rise of gaming-related content on social media has increased exposure to game-related stimuli, particularly among young people, which may reinforce gaming urges and create difficulties in controlling gaming behaviour. Therefore, understanding the management of gaming desire triggered by such content is critical. Identifying the neural mechanisms underlying resistance to these urges will be crucial for effective prevention and intervention.

Identification of a magnetohydrodynamic trigger for plasma explosions in magnetic fusion beyond existing paradigms.

In magnetic-fusion devices, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disturbances such as edge-localized modes (ELMs) have interesting similarities to explosive dynamical events observed in space. Various models for the mechanisms triggering such disturbances have been proposed. However, current studies have focused on developing methods for controlling such effects based on empirical scaling.

Electrical coherent driving of chiral antiferromagnet.

Electric current driving of antiferromagnetic states at radio or higher frequencies remains challenging to achieve. In this study, we report all-electrical, gigahertz-range coherent driving of chiral antiferromagnet manganese-tin (MnSn) nanodot samples. High coherence in multiple trials and threshold current insensitive to pulse width, in contrast to results observed with ferromagnets, were achieved in subnanosecond range, allowing 1000/1000 switching by 0.

Observation of Boron Vacancy Concentration in Hexagonal Boron Nitride at Nanometer Scale.

Negatively charged boron vacancy (V) ensembles in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have attracted considerable attention as a promising platform for quantum sensing. Current challenges include the experimental validation of the spatial distribution and electronic states of optically active V and optically inactive neutral boron vacancy (V) defects. To address these issues, we employ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using monochromated 30-keV electrons, effectively reducing background interference.

Investigating size and surface modification to optimise the delivery of nanodiamonds to brain glial cells.

Nanodiamonds (NDs) with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects have garnered attention as promising nano-quantum sensors due to their high photostability, low biotoxicity, and ability to measure intracellular parameters such as temperature, magnetic fields, and electric fields. While NDs have been extensively studied in in vitro systems, their application in vivo remains underdeveloped. Efficient delivery of NDs to specific cells within biological tissues remains a critical challenge for advancing their applications in the life sciences.

Absence of Long-Range V-V Dimer and Magnetic Orderings in High-Entropy (MgMnCoNiCu)VO.

V-V dimerization in ilmenite-type vanadium oxides is an intriguing phenomenon that induces structural and metal-to-insulator transitions. Herein, we report the high-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and electronic and magnetic states of high-entropy ilmenite-type (MgMnCoNiCu)VO. Although all the parent ilmenite-type compounds exhibit triclinic (1̅) symmetry at room temperature, this compound crystallizes in a rhombohedral (3̅) structure, indicating the absence of long-range V-V dimer ordering.

Development and demonstration of an active optical axis alignment method for divertor infrared thermography system in ITER.

An active alignment method to compensate for optical axis misalignment between the in-vessel and ex-vessel optics caused by thermal expansion of the vacuum vessel during plasma operation was developed in this study. By observing the return light from an alignment pattern at the vacuum window and a calibration light source positioned at the first pupil plane inside the vacuum vessel, subsequent optical axis alignment during plasma operation can be conducted using only the return light from the alignment pattern. Testing with a prototype demonstrated that the developed alignment method can align the optical axis remotely and actively with accuracies of less than 0.

Retro-Diels-Alder-Triggered Supramolecular Polymerization of Tetrabenzoporphyrin into Pyramidal Aggregates.

Supramolecular polymerization of π-extended compounds with hydrogen-bonding sites remains challenging, especially at high concentrations, due to their limited solubility in nonpolar solvents. Herein, we report a novel method incorporating a thermal precursor approach for the supramolecular polymerization of a poorly soluble tetrabenzoporphyrin (BP) derivative with multiple hydrogen-bonding sites and chiral cholesterol groups (BP). Polymerization in the nonpolar solvent tetralin is induced by the retro-Diels-Alder reaction of the highly soluble precursor (CP) to BP in the hot solution and subsequent natural cooling, as confirmed by monitoring absorption spectra.

Automated Radiosynthesis of [F]FMeNER-D Using the Simplified One-Pot F-Fluoromethylation Method.

(S,S)-2-(α-(2-[F]Fluoro[dideutero]methoxyphenoxy)benzyl)morpholine ([F]FMeNER-D), which is used to image the norepinephrine transporter in the brain via positron emission tomography (PET), is typically radiosynthesized by O-fluoromethylating norethylreboxetine (NER) with [F]bromofluoromethane-d using a fully automated F-labeling synthesizer with a two-pot unit. We simplified the automated radiosynthesis of [F]FMeNER-D through the use of a straightforward one-pot method to prepare [F]fluoromethyl-d-tosylate as the fluoromethylating agent (avoiding the need to azeotropically dry [F]F in advance), which was then reacted with NER. The reaction conditions were optimized, with [F]FMeNER-D synthesized using an F-labeling synthesizer equipped with a one-pot unit.

Low-Cost Polyphenol-Polypyrrole Molecularly Imprinted Sensor for Point-of-Care Alzheimer's Detection.

There is an urgent need for rapid, affordable diagnostics for Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly those that can detect phosphorylated Tau 181 (p-tau181)─a key biomarker─directly in plasma. We present a scalable, label-free electrochemical biosensor fabricated on a printed circuit board platform, integrating a novel nanomolecularly imprinted polymer transducer based on a polyphenol red-polypyrrole composite. This platform enables sensitive detection of p-tau181 in undiluted plasma, serum, and clinical AD samples using a custom-designed potentiostat and machine learning-assisted classification.

Positive mental states and their relation to psychosocial resources: protocol of a systematic review focusing on cultural moderators.

Introduction: Fostering well-being and positive mental states are major aims of many strategies for the promotion of public mental health. Such strategies become increasingly important since many people worldwide suffer from psychological distress and mental disorders, resulting in substantial individual and societal costs. Within the last years, there is a shift from strategies solely focusing on the reduction of mental distress to those also aiming at the promotion of positive mental states.