PPA2 activates MTFP1-DNM1L fission signaling to govern mitochondrial proliferation and mitophagy.

The inorganic pyrophosphatase PPA2, a matrix-localized protein, maintains mitochondrial function. Here, we identified the role of PPA2 in activating mitochondrial fission signaling. We found that PPA2 overexpression promotes mitochondrial fission by upregulating the mitochondrial translocation of phosphorylated DNM1L S616.

Dynamical properties of chromatin provide insights into key folding principles.

Even though the three-dimensional static organization of chromatin is highly studied, chromatin is a dynamic structure, and time-dependent changes are crucial for biological function. Although it is known that both intrachromatin interaction and loop extrusion are crucial to understanding chromatin organization, what their respective roles are in deciding the nature of spatial and temporal organization is not clear. Simulating a model with active loop extrusion and intrachromatin interactions, we show that under certain conditions, the measurable dynamic quantities are dominated by the loop extrusion, even though the population-averaged contact map (structure) can be dominated by intrachromatin interactions, with loop extrusion playing no major role.

Antihypertensive potential of diosgenin: A comparative pharmacoinformatics study.

The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR) is an important target protein involved in the regulation of hypertension, a major public health concern affecting 1.28 billion individuals globally. The existing drugs have serious side-effects on medium to long term use, and therefore, search for safer and more effective drug molecules is highly needed.

Statistical inference for dependent competing risks data under adaptive Type-II progressive hybrid censoring.

In this article, we consider statistical inference based on dependent competing risks data from Marshall-Olkin bivariate Weibull distribution. The maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown model parameters have been computed by using Newton-Raphson method under adaptive Type II progressive hybrid censoring with partially observed failure causes. Existence and uniqueness of maximum likelihood estimates are derived.

Caprine Pancreatic ECM-Derived Self-Assembling Non-Swelling Hydrogel for Enhanced Angiogenesis and Scarless Wound Healing In Vivo.

Extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived hydrogels hold great promise as biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering and wound care due to their inherent biocompatibility and bioactivity. This study developed a novel self-assembled hydrogel from caprine pancreatic ECM and evaluated its wound-healing potential. The hydrogel exhibited appropriate gelation kinetics, retained key ECM components (collagen and sGAG), and demonstrated excellent biodegradability, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility.

g-CN-based photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications: insights into properties, structural modifications, challenges, and future directions.

The growing demand for sustainable energy and environmental remediation has intensified the search for efficient, metal-free catalysts. Among these, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has garnered significant attention due to its nitrogen-rich structure, extended π-conjugation, and tunable bandgap. Its abundant raw materials, non-toxic nature, and exceptional physicochemical properties make it a promising candidate for energy and environmental applications.

Regulation of protein disaggregation by the hydrophobic chain length of ammonium-based ionic liquids.

Protein aggregation and disaggregation are critical in determining biomolecular stability and function. This study explores the influence of ammonium-based ionic liquids with varying hydrophobic chain lengths on the aggregation and disaggregation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence spectroscopy showed a fivefold increase in fluorescence upon aggregation, which further intensified in the presence of N8, indicating enhanced fibrillation.

Functional properties of hard kombucha brewed with deep ocean water using Lachancea thermotolerans.

Hard kombucha is an alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of a 40% (v/v) kombucha solution with selected yeast strains and sugar. Among 35 yeast strains examined, Lachancea thermotolerans, known for its high ethanol production, was selected to prepare hard kombucha using tap and deep ocean water. After 21 days of fermentation, the pH of the filtered tap water hard kombucha (TWHK) and deep ocean water hard kombucha (DOWHK) decreased to 2.

Spectroscopic and computational insights into binding of daphnetin with pepsin: Inhibition of pepsin fibrillation and identification of amyloidogenic core region.

Multi-spectroscopic and computational techniques were utilized to investigate the interaction between daphnetin and pepsin, the principal gastric protease, along with daphnetin's inhibitory effect on pepsin aggregation. Fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectral analyses indicated that daphnetin binds to pepsin via static quenching. Thermodynamic analyses revealed positive ΔH° [+(9.

Evaluation of Self-Assembled Nanofibrous Aggregates (SNAs) for Assessing Osteogenic Potential in the Development of Bioinks for Bone Tissue Regeneration.

A long-standing challenge in regenerative medicine is replicating the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have been widely studied in tissue engineering; however, their potential in forming nanofibrous architectures that closely resemble the ECM of bone remains unexplored. This study evaluates the potential of self-assembled nanofibrous aggregates (SNAs) in developing bioinks for facilitating bone repair and growth using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs).

Low-cost machine learning-integrated optical spectrophotometer for non-destructive color and shelf-life analysis: A study on sliced bread.

Monitoring physical color and spectral signatures is essential for the early detection of spoilage in perishable food products. This study introduces a cost-effective, Machine Learning (ML)-enabled spectrophotometer for nondestructive spoilage detection in sliced bread. An Artificial Neural Network was developed to accurately predict reflectance spectra (340-750 nm) from RGB values.

Autophagy paradox: Genetic and epigenetic control of autophagy in cancer progression.

Autophagy is a highly regulated, evolutionarily conserved process of self-digestion controlled by autophagy-related (ATG) genes. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cargoes, including cytoplasmic organelles, misfolded proteins, and toxic aggregates, to enrich cellular nutrient pools and reduce oxidative stress. In normal cells, basal autophagy occurs to maintain cellular homeostasis, which changes during tumor initiation, progression, and malignant transformation.

Artificial intelligence in ECG-based diagnosis of low left ventricular ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Detecting Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD) is crucial for counteracting heart failure progression. While Electrocardiograms (ECG) are widely used, their standalone diagnostic accuracy is insufficient. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with ECG analysis offers a promising approach to enhance precision.

NIR-Responsive Carbon Dots Functionalized with AS1411 Aptamer: A Dual-Mode Approach to Enhanced Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy.

Recent advancements in light-based treatments, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), present promising alternatives to conventional cancer treatments. Moreover, combination therapy employing multiple therapeutic approaches has become a cornerstone of modern oncology, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and overcome resistance mechanisms. This study presents an approach to enhance the effectiveness of PDT and PTT in cancer treatment by synthesizing carbon dots from the organic dye IR-820 and citric acid.

Electrical discharge machining by rapid tools prepared by micro stereo-lithography process with copper metallization.

Rapid tooling (RT) has evolved into an emerging area in the field of manufacturing for fabricating tools potentially reducing machining time and cost allowing higher levels of geometric freedom. In this work, the application of RT technique in electrical discharge machining (EDM) has been explored. RT tools fabricated by micro stereo-lithography (micro-SLA) are coated with thick copper coatings by electroless metallization and electroplating to be used during EDM to machine 304 L stainless steel work piece material.

What drives anthropogenic fine particulate chloride emissions in India? - A quantitative assessment of hotspots.

Particulate chloride (pCl) is a significant constituent of atmospheric particulate matter, playing a critical role as a key precursor to secondary aerosols via nocturnal heterogeneous reactions. While coarse pCl typically prevails along the coastal belt, however, the growing presence of fine pCl in the interior regions is an emerging air quality concern. Anthropogenic sources driving these emissions remain poorly characterised, particularly in India, where existing global inventories lack resolution and specificity.

Artificial intelligence-driven green innovation for sustainable development: Empirical insights from India's renewable energy transition.

This paper explores the contribution of artificial intelligence (AI), green technology innovation (GTI), and renewable energy generation (REG) to sustainable development in India, with a specific focus on their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Employing data from 1987 to 2020 and applying the Dynamic ARDL simulation approach, the study analyzes both direct and moderating effects of AI on green growth. The outcomes illustrate that while REG alone has a statistically insignificant impact on green growth (0.

Unravelling the self-assembly of a novel cationic pseudo-gemini surfactant and its monomeric counterpart: interactions with DNA and BSA in aqueous medium at neutral pH.

The demand for sustainable, efficient, and easily tunable cationic surfactants is growing rapidly due to their pivotal role in gene therapy, drug delivery, and biotechnology. However, conventional gemini surfactants often require laborious synthesis and lack design flexibility. Here, we introduce a novel pseudo-gemini surfactant system, innovatively constructed through simple non-covalent electrostatic interactions between a hydrophobic tertiary amine and a dibasic acid.

Design of plant-based bigels by incorporating candelilla wax oleogel and xanthan gum hydrogel for oral curcumin delivery.

This study evaluated the role of plant-based biphasic gel (bigel) formulations prepared using various ratios of xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel and Candelilla wax-based oleogel for the delayed release of curcumin (CUR). Microscopic studies revealed that the bigel exhibited a bicontinuous phase distribution. FTIR analysis suggested increased hydrogen bonding with a higher proportion of hydrogel in the bigel formulations.

Novel fusion-based time-frequency analysis for early prediction of sudden cardiac death from electrocardiogram signals.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of global mortality, often occurring without warning and driven by complex cardiac dynamics. Despite significant advances in cardiovascular diagnostics, accurately predicting SCD at an early stage remains a critical challenge. This study proposes a novel fusion-based time-frequency (T-F) deep learning framework for the early prediction of SCD by classifying associated cardiac conditions.

Exploring properties of surgical mask modified by iodine-doped cellulose film with 2D reduced graphene oxide decorated with TiO nanocomposite.

The surgical mask protects against respiratory infectious diseases and prevents the risk of secondary infection due to the lack of inactivation of viruses or pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the properties of surgical masks after the modification with a nanocomposite of titanium oxide decorated on 2D reduced graphene oxide and iodine-carboxymethyl cellulose (TIRC). The titanium oxide decorated on 2D reduced graphene oxide was prepared by the hydrothermal method.

Beyond household and individual factors: examining the association between ambient air pollution and birth outcomes in India.

Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) are primary factors contributing to morbidity and mortality among children aged under 5, resulting in a range of short- and long-term health consequences worldwide. Among the various risk factors, ambient air pollution poses a significant environmental risk and is a key determinant of child health. The prevalence of LBW and PTB among under 5 children sampled from the NFHS-5, 2019-2021, was combined with monthly PM data (2013-2021) obtained from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at Washington University.

Synergistic Effects of Steam Impinged Microwave-Vacuum Blanching on the Textural Behavior of Vegan Patties.

The present study was carried out to understand the effect of the process variables of the combined microwave-vacuum-steam blanching process on the textural behavior of vegan patties. This novel blanching technique was systematically evaluated to optimize parameters, including microwave power density (3.8 W/g), steam duration (3 s), pea-to-potato mash ratio (0.

Exploring minimum free-energy pathway of GB1 dimerization in dilute and crowded solution.

The intracellular crowded environment plays a major role in driving the protein-protein association reaction that entails large conformational fluctuations. A detailed understanding of the crowding influence on protein association requires characterization of transient intermediates on a free energy landscape. In this work, we explore the free energy landscape of dimerization of protein GB1 in a dilute and crowded medium by employing advanced sampling techniques, such as metadynamics and parallel tempering.

Emulsifying and stabilizing ability of alkylated chitosan.

The emulsifying and stabilizing ability of alkylated chitosan was studied in comparison with initial chitosan during the preparation of simple emulsions and in the course of fabrication of polylactide microparticles through an oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The effect of chitosan chemical structure and solution characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, and hydrophilic lipophilic balance) on the emulsion properties (mean size and size distribution of the dispersed droplets, stability in time, emulsifying activity index, and emulsification stability index) and the polymer microparticles (total yield, mean size and size distribution, surface/volume morphology, and surface chemical composition) was evaluated. It was found that alkylated chitosan had better emulsifying and stabilizing abilities in comparison with unmodified chitosan at all studied concentrations (0.