Real-World Evaluation of AI-Driven Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Public Health Settings: Validation and Implementation Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms offer an effective solution to alleviate the burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in public health settings. However, there are challenges in translating diagnostic performance and its application when deployed in real-world conditions.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility of integration and diagnostic performance of validated DR screening (DRS) AI algorithms in real-world outpatient public health settings.

Identification of Spatial Hot spots Clustering and Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis to Assess Predictors of Cesarean Section Delivery in Northeastern States, India.

Background: It is difficult to achieve health related Sustainable Development Goals when a higher proportion of birth delivery occurs through cesarean section (CS) than vaginal delivery without considerable medical benefits. This study aims to identify the spatial hot spot clustering and determinants of cesarean section in northeastern states, India.

Methods: The study utilized data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-2021), which included responses from 34,222 mothers who delivered live births in the five years preceding the survey.

Corrigendum to "Effect of antiretroviral therapy on retention of people living with HIV in India (2012-2017): a retrospective, cohort study," [The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia. Volume 34, 100552, March 2025].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.

Epidemiology and risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: insights from leading centres in the i-RegVeD registry, India.

CVST is a rare cerebrovascular condition commonly associated with young adults and females. The primary aim of this study was to identify key risk factors associated with CVST and assess the outcomes of participants with CVST. This is an ongoing multicenter hospital-based study conducted from July 2022 to October 2023.

Effectiveness of Kushal Maa, a group-based mhealth interactive education and social support intervention for maternal and neonatal health outcomes: study protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial in India.

Introduction: Perinatal care continuity across the full continuum is essential for optimising maternal and infant health; however, a stark gap occurs post partum, with less than one half of Indian mothers receiving postpartum care due to significant logistical and sociocultural barriers, particularly for periurban and rural residents. To overcome these barriers and reduce women's postpartum isolation, our international team of maternal and infant health clinicians and researchers developed and pilot-tested a culturally-tailored mobile interactive education and support group intervention, ), confirming feasibility and acceptability and preliminary effectiveness. The current study seeks to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention compared with standard care on maternal and neonatal health-related behaviours and health, characterise the mechanisms of intervention impact and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention in improving postpartum maternal and neonatal health compared with the standard of care.

Preliminary Effectiveness of a Postnatal mHealth and Virtual Social Support Intervention on Newborn and Infant Health and Feeding Practices in Punjab, India: Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Pilot Study.

Background: We evaluated a pilot mobile health (mHealth) intervention aimed at improving postnatal maternal and infant health. The intervention featured provider-led group sessions for education, health care communication, in-person care referrals, and virtual mHealth support for postpartum mothers through weekly calls, texts, interactive voice response (IVR), and a phone app.

Objective: We aimed to assess the preliminary effectiveness of the pilot mHealth intervention, MeSSSSage (Maa Shishu Swasthya Sahayak Samooh, which means maternal and child health support group), on infant health knowledge, behaviors, and outcomes at 6 months post partum.

Non coverage of Hepatitis B immunization among children and its predictors in northeastern states of India: A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis.

Background: Hepatitis B, a viral infection, is a vaccine-preventable disease and is a significant public health challenge globally. Child immunization is a safe and effective way to prevent Hepatitis B virus infection. The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) of India, which effectively reduces the chronic burden, aims to reach immunization of nearly 2.

A pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile phone counselling intervention for perinatal women living with HIV and depression in India.

Pregnant and postpartum women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at high risk for perinatal depression, which can significantly undermine HIV care engagement and treatment outcomes. Despite this, depression often remains unidentified and untreated. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, fidelity, acceptability and preliminary effects of a mobile phone counselling intervention among perinatal women living with HIV and depression in India.

Time-to-event analysis.

Survival analysis (or time-to-event analysis) deals with data where the outcome of interest is the length of time until the occurrence of an event. This type of analysis is unique because the event may not occur in all participants (known as censoring). A previous article in this journal covered the basic aspects of conventional survival analysis.

Geospatial analysis of neonatal mortality in north-eastern India: a multilevel Bayesian approach.

Objectives: Neonatal mortality remains a significant public health issue in India. This study investigates spatial patterns and contributing factors to neonatal mortality in the north-eastern states, identifying hotspot regions and spatial variations.

Methods: A sample of 34,222 mothers from India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21) in the north-eastern states was analysed.

Effect of antiretroviral therapy on retention of people living with HIV in India (2012-2017): a retrospective, cohort study.

Background: India's free antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme was initiated in 2004. People living with HIV who were registered with ART centres (ARTC) were initiated on ART based on the CD4 count cutoffs as per prevailing guidelines. The others with higher counts remained on six-monthly follow up.

The Self-Reported Human Health Impacts of Disaster on People in India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Longitudinal Aging Study India.

Introduction: The human health impacts of disaster are predicted to increase in frequency and severity due to the effects of climate change. This has impacts on all nations, but understanding disaster-related health impacts in highly populous nations, such as India, will help to inform risk preparedness and reduction measures for large proportions of the global population.

Problem: Disaster-related human health impacts in India were examined via the use of survey data to inform risk reduction.

Novel trial designs: Master protocol trials.

Conventional trial designs are resource and time-intensive. To accelerate the process of testing new interventions, we now have several novel research trial designs. This article focuses on master protocol trials, which allow several therapies to be tested within a single larger trial.

Unified Mobile App for Streamlining Verbal Autopsy and Cause of Death Assignment in India: Design and Development Study.

Background: Verbal autopsy (VA) has been a crucial tool in ascertaining population-level cause of death (COD) estimates, specifically in countries where medical certification of COD is relatively limited. The World Health Organization has released an updated instrument (Verbal Autopsy Instrument 2022) that supports electronic data collection methods along with analytical software for assigning COD. This questionnaire encompasses the primary signs and symptoms associated with prevalent diseases across all age groups.

Perceptions of healthcare workers on implementing the 2022 WHO verbal autopsy instrument in rural India through the existing public health system.

Background: Cause-of-death (CoD) information is crucial for health policy formulation, planning, and program implementation. Verbal Autopsy (VA) is an approach employed for the collection and analysis of CoD estimates at the population level where medical certification of cause of death is low and, secondly, for integrating it with the existing public health system by utilizing the grassroots level workforce.

Objective: The study aims to understand the field perspectives on implementing the 2022 WHO VA instrument in rural India through the existing public health system.

Strengthening Cause of Death Statistics in Selected Districts of 3 States in India: Protocol for an Uncontrolled, Before-After, Mixed Method Study.

Background: Mortality statistics are vital for health policy development, epidemiological research, and health care service planning. A robust surveillance system is essential for obtaining vital information such as cause of death (CoD) information.

Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive model to strengthen the CoD information in the selected study sites.

Developing a digital data platform for surveillance of food and water-borne pathogens in North East India: insight for public health advocacy.

Robust digital infrastructure is vital and the need of the hour, especially in the healthcare sector, for real-time data generation, analysis, and quick decision-making. Food- and water-borne illnesses represent a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. India, a developing nation with diverse cultures and food practices, poses a high risk of food-borne diseases and outbreaks, yet is often underreported and ineffectively researched.

Sample size calculation in clinical research.

Calculation of sample size is an essential part of research study design since it affects the reliability and feasibility of the research study. In this article, we look at the principles of sample size calculation for different types of research studies.

Economic burden and economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases among countries of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize studies on the economic burden and economic impact of non-communicable diseases in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region (WHO SEAR) countries.

Introduction: WHO SEAR countries represent 8.6% of the world's population, and 75% of all deaths in this region are attributable to non-communicable diseases.