Natural language processing of electronic medical records identifies cardioprotective agents for anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity.

In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the potential of natural language processing (NLP) for drug repositioning by analyzing the preventive effects of cardioprotective drugs against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) using electronic medical records. We evaluated the effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ARB/ACEIs), beta-blockers (BBs), statins, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on AIC using signals extracted from clinical texts via NLP. The study included 2935 patients prescribed anthracyclines at a single hospital, with concomitant prescriptions of ARB/ACEIs, BBs, statins, and CCBs.

A Luminescent Stable Triarylmethyl Diradical with an Axially Chiral Spacer.

Two units of a highly stable luminescent triarylmethyl radical (PyBTM) were bridged using a chiral octahydrobinaphthyl moiety, resulting in a diradical with sufficient stability to enable the measurement of its chiroptical properties. To synthesize this diradical, a novel boronic ester radical precursor, αH-PyBTM-B(Epin), was designed. The use of this precursor significantly improved the yield and streamlined the preparation of stable luminescent radical-substituted molecules.

Design and Properties of Azaacene-Fused Porphyrins: Extending π-Systems for NIR-II Absorption.

A series of porphyrins featuring various azaacene moieties were designed with the aim to explore the structure-property relationships in extended azaacene systems. The introduction of azaacene groups significantly enhanced the solubility of these chromophores while directly influencing their electronic absorption and emission properties, enabling absorption at longer wavelengths. Protonation of the azaacene-fused porphyrins further extended their absorption into the NIR-II region.

Vascular access dysfunction incidence among Japanese dialysis patients from NDB Open Data Japan.

Vascular access (VA) dysfunction affects the quality of care in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, comprehensive nationwide data in Japan are limited. Therefore, we estimated VA dysfunction and recurrence and examined their associations with sex, age, and regional variation using the National Database Open Data Japan (NDB Open).

An Attempt to Classify Elementary Reactions on the Basis of TS Motifs.

Reactions commonly used in synthetic organic chemistry are named after their discoverers or developers. They are called the name reactions and generally consist of several elementary reactions. Quantum chemical calculations can optimize transition state (TS) structures of the elementary reactions.

Artificial induction of the UPR by Tet-off system-dependent expression of Hac1 and its application in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

In response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells produce Hac1, which is a transcription factor responsible for the unfolded protein response (UPR). When Hac1 is unregulatedly expressed from a constitutive promoter, the ER is artificially enforced and enlarged, even without ER stress stimuli. However, such cells are unsuitable for applicative bioproduction because they grow quite slowly and quickly lose their high-UPR phenotype upon their long-term storage.

Cross-Modal Interaction Between Perception and Vision of Grasping a Slanted Handrail to Reproduce the Sensation of Walking on a Slope in Virtual Reality.

Numerous studies have previously explored the perception of horizontal movements. This includes research on Redirected Walking (RDW). However, the challenge of replicating the sensation of vertical movement has remained a recurring theme.

Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitor for Home and Hospital Use.

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, pose a significant threat to global health, often referred to as a "silent killer". Traditional cuff-based blood pressure monitors have limitations in terms of convenience and continuous monitoring capabilities. As an alternative, cuffless blood pressure monitors offer a promising approach for the detection and prevention of hypertension.

Coordination bonds as a tool for tuning photoconductance in nanostructured hybrid materials made of molecular antennas and metal nanoparticles.

The synthesis of robust, versatile materials in which electrical conduction is enhanced by light irradiation is of prime importance for fields as varied as photodetectors, photodiodes, solar cells and light sensors. Hybrid materials offer the advantage of combining the robustness of an inorganic building block with the adaptability of a molecular subunit. Herein, we demonstrate the importance of properly investigating the nature of the chemical interactions between the constituent elements in order to optimize photoconductance within hybrid materials.

Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Light-Harvesting in Self-Assembled Nanofibers of Naphthalenediimides toward Perylenediimide Guests.

The self-assembly of a bichromophoric naphthalenediimide (NDI) into nanofibers showed efficient energy transfer (light-harvesting) to perylenediimide (PDI) molecules through a host-guest interaction, which can be visualized by microscopy using samples deposited on glass surfaces. In combination with atomic force microscopy, spectral, and polarization analyses, fluorescence imaging unveiled the inhomogeneity, packing defects, and relative spatial arrangement of PDI and NDI molecular units, which were found to affect the exciton mobility along the NDI nanofibers and the energy transfer efficiency from NDI to PDI guests. Fluorescence microspectroscopy shows that efficient energy transfer occurs from NDI nanofibers to isolated PDI molecules and their partial self-aggregates.

Ablation of Htra1 leads to sub-RPE deposits and photoreceptor abnormalities.

The high-temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1), a serine protease, has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To delineate its role in the retina, the phenotype of homozygous Htra1-KO (Htra1-/-) mice was characterized to examine the effect of Htra1 loss on the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with age. The ablation of Htra1 led to a significant reduction in rod and cone photoreceptor function, primary cone abnormalities followed by rods, and atrophy in the RPE compared with WT mice.

Imaging flow cytometry with a real-time throughput beyond 1,000,000 events per second.

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines the imaging capabilities of microscopy with the high throughput of flow cytometry, offering a promising solution for high-precision and high-throughput cell analysis in fields such as biomedicine, green energy, and environmental monitoring. However, due to limitations in imaging framerate and real-time data processing, the real-time throughput of existing IFC systems has been restricted to approximately 1000-10,000 events per second (eps), which is insufficient for large-scale cell analysis. In this work, we demonstrate IFC with real-time throughput exceeding 1,000,000 eps by integrating optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging, microfluidic-based cell manipulation, and online image processing.

Impact of eye movements and facial expressions on social performance during a collaborative problem-solving task.

Social performance is associated with producing good relationships in social communication. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of collaborative problem- solving in social communication. Aiming to enhance collaborative problem-solving, we investigated the characteristics of behavioral signals that impact social performance.

Antimicrobial resistance recommendations via electronic health records with graph representation and patient population modeling.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which refers to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics, is a critical global health issue. Traditional methods for identifying AMRs in clinical settings rely on in-lab testing, which hampers timely medical decision-making. Moreover, there is a notable delay in updating empirical treatment guidelines in response to the rapid evolution of pathogens.

Neuromorphic system using capacitor synapses.

Artificial intelligences are indispensable social infrastructures, neural networks are embodiment methodologies, and neuromorphic systems are promising solutions for compact size and low energy. Memristors were first prepared for the synapse devices but incur energy consumption, and memcapacitors were next prepared but have small dynamic ranges of capacitance. In this research, we have developed a neuromorphic system using capacitor synapses.

Minimization of the Bacillus subtilis divisome suggests FtsZ and SepF can form an active Z-ring, and reveals the amino acid transporter BraB as a new cell division influencing factor.

Bacterial cytokinesis begins with polymerization of the tubulin homologue FtsZ into a ring-like structure at midcell, the Z-ring, which recruits the late cell division proteins that synthesize the division septum. Assembly of FtsZ is carefully regulated and supported by a dozen conserved cell division proteins. Generally, these proteins are not essential, but removing more than one is in many cases lethal.

[Residential areas, travel burdens, and children with cancer: Analysis of mobility and mortality ratios using data from Japan's national population-based cancer registry].

Objectives　Although childhood cancer treatment has recently become centralized at specialized hospitals worldwide, the relationship between mortality ratios and living in rural areas or traveling long distances for treatment remains controversial. In the present study, we examined whether regional differences in patient mobility and mortality ratios exist in Japan.Methods　We investigated 10,713 patients with cancer aged ≤18 years, diagnosed between 2016 and 2019, registered in the national cancer registry data.

Small molecules and heat treatments reverse vernalization via epigenetic modification in Arabidopsis.

Monocarpic plants flower only once and then produce seeds. Many monocarpic plants require a cold treatment known as vernalization before they flower. This requirement delays flowering until the plant senses warm temperatures in the spring.

Impact of Attached File Formats on the Performance of ChatGPT-4 on the Japanese National Nursing Examination: Evaluation Study.

This research letter discusses the impact of different file formats on ChatGPT-4's performance on the Japanese National Nursing Examination, highlighting the need for standardized reporting protocols to enhance the integration of artificial intelligence in nursing education and practice.

Granulomatous inflammatory responses are elicited in the liver of PD-1 knockout mice by genome mutagenesis.

Introduction: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of immune responses. Upon deletion of PD-1 in mice, symptoms of autoimmunity developed only after they got old. In a model experiment in cancer immunotherapy, PD-1 was shown to prevent cytotoxic T lymphocytes from attacking cancer cells that expressed neoantigens derived from genome mutations.

Volume and quality of the gluteal muscles are associated with early physical function after total hip arthroplasty.

Purpose: Identifying muscles linked to postoperative physical function can guide protocols to enhance early recovery following total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative pelvic and thigh muscle volume and quality with early physical function after THA in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis (HOA).

Methods: Preoperative Computed tomography (CT) images of 61 patients (eight males and 53 females) with HOA were analyzed.

The transmembrane protein TMEM196 controls cell proliferation and determines the floor plate cell lineage.

The neural tube, the embryonic precursor to the vertebrate central nervous system, comprises distinct progenitor and neuronal domains, each with specific proliferation programs. In this study, we identified TMEM196, a novel transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation in the floor plate in chick embryos. TMEM196 is expressed in the floor plate, and its overexpression leads to reduced cell proliferation without affecting the pattern formation of the neural tube.

Evaluating and Enhancing Japanese Large Language Models for Genetic Counseling Support: Comparative Study of Domain Adaptation and the Development of an Expert-Evaluated Dataset.

Background: Advances in genetics have underscored a strong association between genetic factors and health outcomes, leading to an increased demand for genetic counseling services. However, a shortage of qualified genetic counselors poses a significant challenge. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a potential solution for augmenting support in genetic counseling tasks.

Proteomic profiling reveals alterations in metabolic and cellular pathways in severe obesity and following metabolic bariatric surgery.

In this study, we investigated the impact of bariatric surgery on the adipose proteome to better understand the metabolic and cellular mechanisms underlying weight loss following the procedure. A total of 46 patients with severe obesity were included, with samples collected both before and after bariatric surgery. In addition, 15 healthy individuals without obesity who did not undergo surgery served as controls and were studied once.

Analysis of Social Performance and Action Units During Social Skills Training: Focus Group Study of Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia.

Background: Social communication is a crucial factor influencing human social life. Quantifying the degree of difficulty faced in social communication is necessary for understanding developmental and neurological disorders and for creating systems used in automatic symptom screening and assistive methods such as social skills training (SST). SST by a human trainer is a well-established method.