Development of a Deep Learning Model for the Volumetric Assessment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head on Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Although volumetric assessment of necrotic lesions using the Steinberg classification predicts future collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), quantifying these lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generally requires time and effort, preventing the Steinberg classification from being routinely used in clinical investigations. Thus, this study aimed to use deep learning to develop a method for automatically segmenting necrotic lesions using MRI and for automatically classifying them according to the Steinberg classification.

Methods: A total of 63 hips from patients who had ONFH and did not have collapse were included.

Adipocytes promote cancer stemness properties in oral squamous cell carcinoma through C3/C3AR axis and sphingolipid metabolism.

There is convincing evidence that being overweight or having obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite OSCC frequently spread to the cervical lymph nodes, where adipose tissue is the predominant tissue within the microenvironment, it is still largely unknown whether adipocytes could contribute to the formation of oral cancer stem cells (CSCs) niche during the oral carcinogenesis. Here, we report that adipocytes promote the CSCs phenotype of OSCC cells through the activation of complement C3 (C3).

Synthesis and characterisation of uniform CoPt nanoparticles using red blood cell ghosts conjugated with peptides on their inner surface.

We have demonstrated the potential of red blood cell ghosts (RBCGs) conjugated with a cobalt platinum (CoPt)-binding peptide as a scaffold for synthesising CoPt nanoparticles (NPs). The results of characterisation experiments showed that the NPs prepared using peptide-conjugated RBCGs were larger, more uniform, and had a higher Co content and improved magnetic properties.

Epigenetic regulation of neural stem cell aging in the mouse hippocampus by Setd8 downregulation.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mammalian brain decline rapidly with age, leading to impairment of hippocampal memory function in later life. However, the relationship between epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional regulation that compromises hippocampal NSC activity during the early stage of chronological aging remains unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) on NSCs and newly generated neurons across different stages.

Development and Evaluation of Multi-Module Retinal Devices for Artificial Vision Applications.

Artificial retinal devices require a high-density electrode array and mechanical flexibility to effectively stimulate retinal cells. However, designing such devices presents significant challenges, including the need to conform to the curvature of the eyeball and cover a large area using a single platform. To address these issues, we developed a parylene-based multi-module retinal device (MMRD) integrating a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) system.

The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 regulates floral meristem activity and flower development in Arabidopsis.

The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) GENERAL CONTROL NON DEREPRESSIBLE5 (GCN5) participates in various developmental processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Notably, GCN5 ensures proper flower development, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that during early flower development, GCN5 catalyzes histone acetylation at WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) chromatin, activating their expression.

Cyanomethylation of Aldehydes on an Electrochemical Microflow System and Utility of Machine Learning-Assisted Examination of the Reaction Conditions.

Cyanomethylation of carbonyl compounds affords a β-hydroxy nitrile, which is very useful in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Although several electrochemical methods have also been reported to achieve cyanomethylation of carbonyl compounds, dehydration as a major side reaction is a significant issue that needs to be prevented. An electrochemical flow reactor, free from side reactions through rapid removal of the reaction solution from the electrode surface, enables the electrochemical cyanomethylation of aldehydes in acetonitrile without any dehydrated side products.

Reversible Photocyclization of Imidazoleisoindole-Based Stilbene Derivative Apparently over NonTriene Form.

Diarylethene is one of the most extensively studied photochromic compounds due to its remarkable properties. Recently, nitrogen-based diarylethenes (DAEs) have been reported to exhibit unusual photochromic behavior. In this study, we synthesized an imidazoleisoindole-based stilbene analogue, which involves a neutral C═C─C═C─C─N framework, along with a C═C─C═C─C═N form as a minor mesomeric form.

Control of alcoholic fermentation through modulation of nitrogen metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake strains exhibit high alcoholic fermentation performance. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of genes required for nitrogen sensing and metabolism, including amino acid biosynthesis and uptake, was markedly lower in the sake strain than in the laboratory strain. Thus, we hypothesized that changes in nitrogen metabolism affect the fermentation capability of S.

Binding mechanism of adenylate kinase-specific monobodies.

Monobodies are synthetic antibody-mimetic proteins that regulate enzyme functions through protein-protein interactions. In this study, we investigated the binding mechanisms of monobodies to adenylate kinase (Adk). Calorimetric and X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that CL-1, a monobody specific for the CLOSED form of Adk, binds to the CORE domain of Adk in an enthalpy-driven manner, forming several hydrogen bonds and a cation-π interaction at the protein interface, without perturbing the Adk backbone.

Hepatic Glucose Uptake During Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia Associates With Glycemia During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.

Context: Postprandial hepatic glycogen synthesis and glycolysis are reduced in hepatic insulin resistance. However, the physiologic interpretation of the reduction in hepatic glucose uptake (GU) during the gold-standard measurement of insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, in insulin resistance is unclear. This is because the peripheral route of glucose and insulin delivery during a clamp study differs greatly from the physiological route.

Optical Neuroimage Studio (OptiNiSt): Intuitive, scalable, extendable framework for optical neuroimage data analysis.

Advancements in calcium indicators and optical techniques have made optical neural recording common in neuroscience. As data volumes grow, streamlining the analysis pipelines for image preprocessing, signal extraction, and subsequent neural activity analyses becomes essential. Challenges in analysis includes 1) ensuring data quality of original and processed data at each step, 2) selecting optimal algorithms and their parameters from numerous options, each with its own pros and cons, by implementing or installing them manually, 3) systematically recording each analysis step for reproducibility, and 4) adopting standard data formats for data sharing and meta-analyses.

Influence of Polyoxyethylene Stearyl Ether and Subsequent Annealing on n-Type Doping of CNT Yarns for Flexible Thermoelectric Generators.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn is a promising element for flexible/wearable thermoelectric (TE) generators due to its high electrical conductivity and structural flexibility. However, one of the challenges is controlling the n-type doping and its air stability, which are essential for fabricating p-n-combined π-type cells and optimizing their performance. An obstacle to doping control is the unintentional p-type doping caused by oxygen in the atmosphere.

Selective manipulation of L-cysteine crystal polymorphs using focused laser beams.

The selective manipulation of crystal polymorphs holds profound implications across diverse scientific and industrial fields, as distinct polymorphs exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. This study demonstrates selective polymorphic manipulation by laser trapping - a technique enabling contactless manipulation and condensation of matter at the nanometer-scale and micrometer-scale. L-cysteine, a ubiquitous amino acid employed in pharmaceuticals and food additives, was targeted.

E3 ubiquitin ligase RMND5A maintains the self-renewal state of human neural stem/precursor cells by regulating Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways.

During cortical development, neural stem/precursor cells (NS/PCs) sequentially produce neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Before producing these cells, human (h) NS/PCs undergo prolonged self-renewal to form a larger cortex than other mammals, although the mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we performed a gene knockout screen using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to search for genes involved in hNS/PC self-renewal.

Real-Time Monitoring of Wheel Movement in a [2]Rotaxane Using a Competing Kinetic Pathway.

The wheel movement of rotaxanes is typically fast in solution. Therefore, real-time monitoring of such movement is one of the challenging topics. Herein, we report real-time monitoring of wheel movement in a [2]rotaxane (comprising hydrophilic pillar[5]arene as a wheel and hydrophobic π-conjugated moiety with hydrophilic tetra(ethylene oxide) ends as an axle) via a competing kinetic pathway, i.

Staining Methods for Visualization of Cellular Damage During Petal Abscission.

Petal abscission involves cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the cells at the base of petals. Visualizing changes in the properties of these cells is crucial for analyzing and understanding petal abscission, a trait with important implications, especially for ornamental flower crops. This protocol describes the guidelines, experimental setups, and conditions for visualizing cell death by trypan blue staining and ROS accumulation by 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining in petals.

Structural and biochemical differences between non-catalytic and catalytic antibodies.

A conventional antibody can be converted into its catalytic counterparts by deleting Pro95 in the CDR-3 of human and mice antibody light chains, as previously reported. T99wt is a naturally occurring human antibody light chain that we transformed into its catalytic antibody using Pro95 deletion. In peptidase activity tests, T99wt exhibited a low catalytic activity against a synthetic peptide Arg-pNA and hardly cleaved amyloid-β peptide.

Biocontrol of Bacterial Wilt Disease Using Plant-Associated Bacterial Communities in Tomato.

Host-protective or disease-suppressive microorganisms are emerging as sustainable solutions for controlling crop diseases, such as bacterial wilt. However, the efficacy of biocontrol strategies is often constrained by limited resilience under varying environmental conditions and interactions with native microbial communities in the field. One major challenge is that introduced biocontrol microbes often face suppression by indigenous microbes due to competitive interactions.

Gas Microbubble Formation via Near-Infrared Femtosecond Laser Ablation in Live Cells.

Focused near-infrared femtosecond laser irradiation induces efficient photochemical breakdown of intracellular molecules, resulting in the formation of gas microbubbles that ultimately lead to cell death and removal. This study characterizes these microbubbles using high-speed imaging. Microbubbles generated within cells by single-pulse irradiation are consistently larger than those formed in the surrounding culture medium across a broad pulse energy range.

Curcumin induces IL-6 receptor shedding via the ADAM10 proteinase.

Proteolytic cleavage and release of single-spanning transmembrane receptors, a process called shedding, is vital for normal physiological functions and pathological responses, including inflammation and cancer. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) is one of the principal single-spanning transmembrane receptors expressed in hepatocytes and subpopulations of leukocytes, including monocytes and macrophages. Soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) is also present in human plasma.

Simultaneous quantification of cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure in live plant cells by elastic shell theory analysis and AFM.

Our method can simultaneously quantify cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure of live plant cells through AFM measurements and calculations based on elastic shell theory. The morphological behavior of plant cells depends on their mechanical properties. Cell wall elasticity (E) and turgor pressure (P) are main factors that dominate the behavior.

Photorelease Reaction of Alcohol from 1,4-Naphthoquinone-Based Photodegradable Molecules.

Photodegradable molecules have been extensively studied and practically used for on-demand generation of chemical substances under ambient conditions. We here present a series of photodegradable molecules based on 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) with a carbonate linker unit and their substituent effect on the photochemical reactivity for alcohol release. The new compounds are synthesized and accessed in methanol, acetonitrile (MeCN), and toluene under UV light irradiation by H NMR and spectroscopy analysis.

All roads lead to dome: Multicellular dynamics during de novo meristem establishment in shoot regeneration.

Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) harbor persistent stem cells and give rise to above-ground organs throughout life. In tissue culture-based shoot regeneration, a subpopulation of pluripotent callus cells is specified into SAMs. How callus cells decide whether or not to become SAMs stands as an important question in developmental biology.