Pre-event psychiatric states predict trajectories of event-related distress in Japan.

Background: Recent time-dependent analyses of stress-related disorders have identified heterogeneity of trajectories and their modifying factors. While psychiatric patients are vulnerable to stress events, it is unclear how psychiatric conditions in the general population modulate subsequent event-related distress trajectories.

Methods: Using a longitudinal online survey from before the COVID-19 pandemic to post-pandemic follow-ups (n = 3815 Japanese adults) and a latent growth mixture model, we identified four trajectories of pandemic-related stress symptoms: resilient, chronic, mild chronic, and early response.

Pentagamavunone-1 targets excessive MYCN/NCYM expression mediated by mitotic arrest to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver cancer often diagnosed at an advanced stage. While chemotherapies such as sorafenib is effective for some patients, others show poor responses, necessitating new treatments. Overexpression of MYCN/NCYM was recently shown to contribute to the development of HCC.

Inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase in pluripotent stem cells promotes the naive state in mice and elicits trophectoderm and primitive endoderm markers in humans.

Naive and primed states represent distinct phases of pluripotency during early embryonic development, both of which can be captured and interconverted in vitro. To understand pluripotency regulation, we performed a recessive genetic screen using homozygous mutant mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and identified N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) as a novel regulator. Disruption of Nmt1 in mESCs conferred resistance to differentiation, and NMT suppression in mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) promoted the conversion from the primed to the naive state.

Structural basis of a GatC ortholog transporter in the bacterial phosphotransferase system.

The bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) mediates the uptake of specific carbohydrates via IIC transporters. Here, we report the crystal and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Leminorella grimontii galactitol-specific PTS enzyme IIC component (LgGatC), which is implicated in D-xylose uptake and belongs to the ascorbate-galactitol (AG) superfamily of IIC proteins. These structures, determined in the presence and absence of D-xylose, capture the transporter in an outward-facing conformation.

A long-term universal impedance flow cytometry platform empowered by adaptive channel height and real-time clogging-release strategy.

Impedance flow cytometry is a widely used label-free technique for single-cell analysis; however, its limited sensitivity and lack of universality have hindered its ability to replace conventional flow cytometry. In this study, we propose an adaptive microfluidic channel platform that dynamically adjusts the channel height to improve both measurement performance and system versatility. We found that reducing the channel height by one-third effectively decreases the distance between particles and the sensing electrodes, resulting in an average 3.

Functional conservation of the non-canonical strigolactone biosynthetic pathway in root parasitic plants.

Root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family cause widespread and serious damage to crop production, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The obligate root parasitic plants in this family, such as Striga and Orobanche, germinate in response to host root-derived small molecules called strigolactones (SLs). Facultative root parasitic plants in the same family, such as Phtheirospermum japonicum, do not require SLs for germination.

Maturation Status of Rat Lung Epithelial Cells in Interspecies Chimeras Generated by Blastocyst Complementation.

This study investigates the maturation status of rat lung epithelial cells in interspecies chimeras generated via blastocyst complementation (BC) using Fgfr2b-knockout mouse embryos. In our previous study, we succeeded in generating rat-derived lung epithelium in interspecies chimeras using tetraploid complementation; however, the resulting cells remained immature and failed to support respiratory function. In this study, we established two Fgfr2b-KO mouse lines via CRISPR/Cas9 and injected GFP-labeled rat embryonic stem (ES) cells into blastocysts, which were then transferred to pseudopregnant female mice.

The rice BRITTLE CULM 4 gene encodes a membrane protein involved in cellulose synthesis in the secondary cell wall.

The formation of secondary cell walls, which provide mechanical strength to the plant body, depends on numerous factors. Studies on rice brittle culm (bc) mutants allow us to identify these factors and gain insights into the mechanisms of secondary cell wall formation. Rice bc4 is a recessive bc mutant with fragile culms and leaves, similar to other bc mutants.

Functional characterization of the Csm1-like protein TITAN 9 in .

Kinetochores are essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. An important component of kinetochores in opisthokonta is Csm1. However, its function appears to be diversified and, while Csm1 in budding yeast is a component of the monopolin complex mediating mono-orientation of sister kinetochores during meiosis I, the fission yeast homolog Pcs1 prevents merotelic spindle microtubule attachments during mitosis and meiosis II.

Effects of measurement errors on relationships between resting-state functional connectivity and psychological phenotypes.

Recent neuroscientific studies have focused on interindividual relationships between resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and psychological phenotypes using large datasets with repeated measurements, including the Human Connectome Project (HCP). However, previous studies on RSFC-phenotype relationships have failed to differentiate trait, state, and error effects of RSFC. Latent functional connectivity, which can be estimated in structural equation model (SEM), can be useful in finding RSFC-phenotype relationships controlling state and error effects.

Orthorhombic (NH,Li)Eu(MoO) Solid Solution: Crystal Structure and Red-Emitting Photoluminescence.

A novel orthorhombic polymorph of (NH,Li)Eu(MoO) enabled by partial substitution of NH with Li was synthesized via a one-pot low-temperature hydrothermal route using a Li/NH precursor solution. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed that this phase crystallizes in an orthorhombic lattice, representing a new structure type distinct from the known triclinic and tetragonal phases (1 and 4/ space groups). Under UV excitation, the orthorhombic ((NH)Li)Eu(MoO) ( = 0.

Weak and Tunable Adhesion-Clutch Drives Rapid Cell Migration and Glioblastoma Invasion.

To move forward, cells must exert backward forces against their surrounding environment. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of integrin-independent forces for cell migration; however, the molecular machinery that exerts forces remains unclear. This study shows that the clutch-linker molecule shootin1 and the cell adhesion molecule L1 transmit the backward force of treadmilling actin filaments to the environment, enabling rapid dendritic cell migration.

Elucidating Celecoxib's Preventive Effect in Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome Using Medical Natural Language Processing.

Purpose: Capecitabine, an oral anticancer agent, frequently causes hand-foot syndrome (HFS), affecting patients' quality of life and treatment adherence. However, such symptomatic toxicities are often difficult to detect in structured electronic health record (EHR) data. This study primarily aimed to validate a natural language processing (NLP) approach to identifying capecitabine-induced HFS from unstructured clinical text and demonstrate its application in evaluating medication-associated adverse event trends in real-world settings.

Neural-enhanced motion-to-EMG: refining simulated muscle activity from musculoskeletal models using a Seq2Seq approach.

Electromyography (EMG) is essential for accurate assessment of motor function in rehabilitation, sports science, and robotics. However, its various time-consuming human operations (e.g.

Exploring Trust in AI: Insights from Patients' Relatives in Healthcare.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the healthcare system has the ability to revolutionize patient care and reduce healthcare providers' workload. This would not be possible without having the component of trust in such technologies from both the patients and the healthcare providers. In this research, we aim to investigate the factors that influence trust in AI within healthcare environments through the eyes of the patient's relatives.

Abbreviation Expansion Using a Single Word as Context.

Accurate interpretation of medical abbreviations is vital for clinical decision-making, given their frequent ambiguity in medical texts. We propose a simple Word Sense Disambiguation method using Odds Ratio (OR) of surrounding word tokens to build a knowledge dictionary from a large medical corpus. Abbreviations are expanded using the most informative word identified in this dictionary.

Large Language Model Challenges to Detect Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment from Patient Short Speech.

This study uses language-based Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment (CRCI) screening to examine the language ability of the participants. This study was conducted to determine whether a natural language processing-based system can detect CRCI or not. We obtained speech samples from participants including patients with cancer and cognitive impairment scores.

Large Language Models Can be Good Medical Annotators: A Case Study of Drug Change Detection in Japanese EHRs.

In this study, we combined automatically generated labels from large language models (LLMs) with a small number of manual annotations to classify adverse event-related treatment discontinuations in Japanese EHRs. By fine-tuning JMedRoBERTa and T5 on 6,156 LLM-labeled records and 200 manually labeled samples and then evaluating on a 100-record test set, T5 achieved a precision of 0.83, albeit with a recall of only 0.

Efficient Maintenance of Large-Scale Medical Dictionaries Using Large Language Models: A Case for Biomarkers.

Dictionaries are essential in natural language processing and provide significant value across tasks; however, their construction and maintenance are expensive. Leveraging manual revision histories to suggest automatic corrections for unedited terms offers a promising solution to enhance quality while reducing costs. This study proposes a method for automatically correcting metadata in a large-scale medical dictionary containing more than 500,000 terms.

Development of an Automated Classification System for Medication-Related Incident Factors: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Patient Safety Management.

Analyzing medication-related incident reports is crucial for patient safety; however, systematically extracting the underlying factors contributing to incident occurrence remains challenging. We developed a multi-label classifier that automatically identified incident factors from 1,212 drug-related incident reports using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and its derivatives. Based on the P-mSHELL model, a comprehensive framework for incident factor analysis, we established seven distinct factor categories and evaluated various pre-trained models through five-fold cross-validation.

Monitoring Over-The-Counter Drug Misuse in Japanese User-Generated Data.

Introduction: The misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs poses a significant global public health challenge. This study proposes a system for detecting and visualizing inappropriate OTC drug use in social media data.

Methods: We constructed a corpus of 20,036 labeled Japanese tweets, including 7,000 medication-related posts, to address the linguistic and cultural nuances.

Natural Language Processing-Based Approach to Detect Common Adverse Events of Anticancer Agents from Unstructured Clinical Notes: A Time-to-Event Analysis.

This study assessed the effectiveness of natural language processing (NLP) in detecting adverse events (AEs) from anticancer agents by analyzing data from over 39,000 cancer patients. A specialized machine learning model identified known AEs from anticancer agents like capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and anthracyclines, revealing a significantly higher incidence in the treatment groups compared to non-users. While the NLP approach effectively detected most symptomatic AEs requiring manual review, it struggled with rarely documented conditions and commonly used clinical terms.

Computational mechanisms of neuroimaging biomarkers uncovered by multicenter resting-state fMRI connectivity variation profile.

Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is increasingly used to develop biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Despite progress, development of the reliable and practical FC biomarker remains an unmet goal, particularly one that is clinically predictive at the individual level with generalizability, robustness, and accuracy. In this study, we propose a new approach to profile each connectivity from diverse perspective, encompassing not only disorder-related differences but also disorder-unrelated variations attributed to individual difference, within-subject across-runs, imaging protocol, and scanner factors.

Theoretical considerations on models of vestibular self-motion perception as inherent in computational frameworks of motion sickness.

This study examines self-motion perception incorporated into motion sickness models. Research on modeling self-motion perception and motion sickness has advanced independently, though both are thought to share neural mechanisms, making the construction of a unified model opportune. Models based on the Subjective Vertical Conflict (SVC) theory, a refinement of the neural mismatch theory, have primarily focused on motion sickness, with limited validation for self-motion perception.

Potential of a constitutive-UPR and histone deacetylase A-deficient strain for biomolecule production.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for the production of secretory proteins and lipid molecules. In many ascomycetous yeasts, including , mRNA undergoes splicing to yield i mRNA ("i" denotes induced), which is translated into the nuclear transcription factor Hac1 upon ER dysfunction. The extensive transcriptome change triggered by Hac1 is called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which leads to ER enforcement.