Peripheral Vasculature Embolization with the Onyx Liquid Embolic System in a Swine Model.

Purpose: To characterize the histologic and inflammatory changes that resulted from peripheral embolization using Onyx (EVOH) in an animal model. This study also assessed the radiopacity of the Onyx after a 1-minute mixing time.

Methods: Embolization using EVOH alone or in combination with coils/plugs was performed on large vessel, small vessel, and very small vessel (3-5 mm, 1-3 mm, and <1 mm in diameter, respectively) targets in the peripheral vasculature of Yucatan miniature pigs.

A phase II trial of hepatic ablation of metastases to modulate and enhance immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (HAMMER-NSCLC).

Background: Anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-[L]1) immunotherapy promotes systemic anti-tumor immunity through expanding neoantigen-specific CD8 + T cells, but it is less effective in patients with liver metastases. Nearly 20% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop liver metastases, and these patients are characterized by fewer and less active effector T cells. Preclinical work has shown that liver metastases cause systemic immunosuppression through siphoning neoantigen-specific CD8 + T cells from systemic circulation with subsequent macrophage-mediated intrahepatic death.

TAR-200 plus cetrelimab versus cetrelimab monotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who are ineligible for or decline neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (SunRISe-4): interim analysis of a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial.

Background: Effective treatments are needed for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer scheduled for radical cystectomy who are ineligible for or decline to receive neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate neoadjuvant TAR-200 plus cetrelimab (anti-PD-1) versus cetrelimab monotherapy in this setting.

Methods: SunRISe-4 is a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial being conducted at 109 investigative centres in ten countries worldwide.

Preanalytical variables and analytes in liquid biopsy approach for brain tumors: A comprehensive review and recommendations from the RANO Group and the Brain Liquid Biopsy Consortium.

This review explores the pivotal role of preanalytical variables in bringing liquid biopsy approaches into the clinic for brain tumors. Preanalytical variables encompass a range of critical issues, from blood sample collection and handling to the impact of tumor heterogeneity and patient-specific factors. These variables introduce challenges such as false positives, false negatives, and variability in the analysis of tumor signals, which can hinder the diagnostic and prognostic utility of liquid biopsies.

The Role of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Treating Older Breast Cancer Patients With Low Adherence to Endocrine Therapy.

Background: Older patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early-stage breast cancer (HPEsBC) typically undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and/or endocrine therapy (ET). Our study aimed to identify predictors of low ET adherence and evaluate the role of RT in modifying survival among patients with low ET adherence.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using a US-based, electronic health record-derived, de-identified database.

Social Determinants of Health in Thoracic Surgery: Critical Points for Understanding and Implementing Change.

Background: It is imperative that thoracic surgeons and their teams understand, assess and work to mitigate adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) in order to achieve the best care and outcomes for patients.

Methods: A narrative review was performed to identify the most up to date literature on SDOH and Thoracic Surgery. Manuscripts providing recommendations on the topics of Lung Cancer Screening (LCS), treatment and outcomes for patients with thoracic pathology, and systems-level efforts to address SDOH in healthcare were reviewed and summarized.

Palatal Nodule in Bulimia Patient: An Early Sign of Necrotizing Sialometaplasia.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a rare inflammatory condition. Despite rare, chronic self-induced vomiting in patients with eating disorders has been reported as a risk factor. This study aims to report a case of NS in a patient with bulimia nervosa and review the literature.

Impact of Primary Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists Treatment Instructions on Daily Living: Results of a Multinational Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) are second-line treatments for people with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). A survey was conducted to evaluate the understanding of and adherence to TPO-RA treatment instructions, and to determine the impact of ITP and TPO-RAs on daily living.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional, self-administered, online survey conducted from September 2023 to April 2024.

Glioblastoma in Adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Consensus Review on Current Management and Future Directions.

Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In 2021 the World Health Organization updated the classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors to restrict glioblastomas to isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype (IDHwt) tumors, improving understanding of the prognosis and optimal therapy for these tumors. This revision also enables more homogeneous populations of patients to be enrolled into clinical trials, facilitating the evaluation of novel therapies.

Radiosurgical management of cavernous sinus hemangioma: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guideline.

Background: Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are rare benign vascular tumors and surgical resection carries substantial risks of morbidity and mortality. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated SRS (FSRS) have emerged as an effective non-invasive surgical alternative; however, appropriate patient selection, dosing, and outcomes remain unclear and underreported.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SRS/FSRS for CSHs.

Comparison of Outcomes after UM171-Expanded Cord Blood and Six Conventional Donor Source Transplants: A Matched Analysis from the EBMT Registry.

Cord blood (CB) transplantation has fallen into disfavor because of its association with low cell dose and high non-relapse mortality (NRM). However, a phase I to II trial using UM171-expanded CB transplantation in patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies who lacked a suitable donor demonstrated promising results, including prompt neutrophil engraftment, the ability to use smaller, better human leucocyte antigen (HLA)- matched CB units, and a low NRM rate of 5%. This retrospective matched paired analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis that UM171-expanded CB transplantation provides outcomes equivalent or superior to those of conventional hematopoietic stem cell donor sources.

The Clinical Pearls and Pitfalls of Using the Symani System in Microsurgery.

The improved stability and controllability of robotics has the potential to expand the spectrum of reconstructive surgery. Until recently, however, no robot was designed specifically for microsurgery. The present study aims to summarize the clinical pearls and pitfalls of utilizing the Symani Surgical System in microsurgical practice.

Toward the standardization of radiopharmaceutical therapies: a technical note evaluating a clinical dosimetry workflow for single-time-point Lu SPECT/CT-based therapies.

Purpose: The lack of standardized dosimetry workflows in lutetium-177 ( Lu) radiopharmaceutical therapies results in inconsistent absorbed doses and limits treatment planning. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and variability of a single-time-point Lu SPECT/CT commercial workflow to help harmonize its protocol.

Methods: The dosimetry workflow evaluated in this study predominatly followed that of MIM SurePlan MRT.

Multi-Institutional Comparison of Ablative 5-Fraction Magnetic Resonance-Guided Online Adaptive Versus 15/25-Fraction Computed Tomography-Guided Moderately Hypofractionated Offline Adapted Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Radiation dose escalation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) using stereotactic magnetic resonance (MR)-guided online adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) or computed tomography (CT)-guided moderately hypofractionated ablative radiation therapy (HART) can achieve favorable outcomes although have not previously been compared.

Methods: We performed a multi-center retrospective analysis of SMART (50 Gy/5 fractions) vs. HART (75 Gy/25 fractions or 67.

Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Isolated Brain Metastases: Temporal Trends and Prognostic Factors from the National Cancer Database (2010-2020).

The development of brain metastases (BM) is a relatively uncommon but significantly adverse event in the spread of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although management of CRC BM has improved with advances in imaging and systemic therapies, clinical outcomes remain poor. This retrospective cohort study used the U.

Comparison of trastuzumab deruxtecan and sacituzumab govitecan in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a large real-world data analysis.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG) are antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) increasingly used in HER2-negative breast cancer. We hypothesized that treatment benefit would vary across HER2-null, HER2-ultra-low, and HER2-low subgroups of HER2-negative breast cancer patients. We also aimed to study the clinical impact of different sequencing of the two ADCs.

Hippocampal Avoidance During Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer: Randomized Phase II/III Trial NRG-CC003.

Purpose: Hippocampal avoidance (HA) during therapeutic whole-brain radiotherapy reduces the risk of neurocognitive function (NCF) toxicity in patients with brain metastasis. This trial hypothesized that HA during prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) leads to noninferior intracranial relapse (ICR) and reduction in NCF toxicity.

Methods: This randomized phase II/III trial enrolled patients with SCLC, no brain metastases, and response to chemotherapy.

Dual Immune Check Point Blockade in -Unmethylated Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: NRG Oncology BN007, a Randomized Phase II/III Clinical Trial.

Purpose: New therapies for glioblastoma are needed, especially -unmethylated (u) disease. NRG Oncology BN002 (phase I) demonstrated safety and suggested efficacy of ipilimumab (ipi) with nivolumab (nivo) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, leading to this phase II/III trial.

Methods: Adults with newly diagnosed u glioblastoma and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70 were randomly assigned to radiotherapy with either immunotherapy (ipi and nivo) or temozolomide (TMZ), stratified by recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class and intention to use tumor treating fields.

Quantifying and addressing self-defined needs in cancer patients.

Purpose: Almost half of cancer patients will deplete their life savings within the first 2 years of treatment, and one-quarter will declare bankruptcy or lose their home, underscoring the substantial financial toxicity of cancer and need to develop innovative solutions. In this analysis, the financial and non-financial needs articulated by an ethnically diverse cancer patient cohort through a novel, patient-driven portal are quantified, with patient-specific factors and correlations with unique needs further examined.

Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of oncology patients at two tertiary care cancer treatment centers in New York and Florida who enrolled on the "We're in This Together" (WiTT) Support Registry™ from 01/2023 to 12/2023 to request assistance across four primary domains (Daily Life, Housing, Health, Transportation).

Range-compensated pencil beam scanning proton Arc therapy: a feasibility study.

Proton arc therapy is a conceptual treatment technique in proton therapy that delivers a scanned proton pencil beam simultaneously as the gantry is rotated around the patient, exploiting the geometric advantages of a continuous arc with the dosimetric advantages of protons to maximize healthy tissue sparing. Here we propose an alternative approach to deliver pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton arc therapy using a beam-modifying device called a SpeleoFilter. SpeleoFilters can improve the treatment efficiency of proton arc by reducing the number of beam energies and beam spots while preserving the plan quality as compared to traditional multifield intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT).

Update to the RANO working group and EANO recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas.

This Policy Review provides recommendations for the use of PET imaging in patients with gliomas and represents a joint effort of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working group for PET and the European Association for Neuro-Oncology. The initial guideline was published in 2016, and summarised the previously established clinical benefit of PET with radiolabelled glucose and amino acid tracers in patients with gliomas. Since then, numerous additional studies have been published on this topic, focusing on differential diagnosis, prediction of molecular information, and prognostication.