Fabrication of Highly Uniform, Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays via Hydrothermal Synthesis for RGB Micro- and Submicron-Scale LEDs.

NanoLEDs are increasingly in demand for high-resolution displays and localized illumination in advanced sensing and imaging. This study proposes an improved hydrothermal synthesis process for fabricating uniform, refined ZnO nanorods that maintain their uniformity in high-density arrays. By inducing convection flow and comparatively low temperature environment in the synthesis process, a persistent supply of reactive agents and controlled growth conditions are achieved, enhancing nanorod uniformity.

Evaluation of 4D Flow MRI-Derived Aortic Hemodynamics and Their Relationships With Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis: A Preliminary Study.

Purpose: Identifying factors associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling is important for risk stratification of patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS). The aim of this preliminary study was to explore aortic hemodynamics in these patients and assess their relationships with LV remodeling using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method: Data from 17 patients with moderate AS involving the tricuspid aortic valves and normal LV ejection fraction (EF > 55%) were analyzed.

Focused ultrasound-mediated temozolomide delivery into intact blood-brain barrier tissue improves survival in patient-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid proliferation and invasive infiltration into normal brain tissue. Despite maximal resection and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, over 80% of GBM cases recur near the resection margin, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle to effective drug delivery, limiting TMZ penetration into infiltrative tumor regions.

MEMRI-based functional mapping of the visual system in response to color stimuli.

Background: Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) visualizes neuronal activity via manganese uptake. While intravitreal MnCl₂ injection is effective, it is invasive and carries toxicity risks. This study aimed to evaluate a noninvasive topical MnCl₂ approach for detecting functional activation in the rat visual pathway in response to color-specific light stimuli.

Evaluation of dental implant with hydroxyapatite coating by laser-induced hydrothermal synthesis: in vitro and in vivo experimental study.

Various surface modification techniques have been developed to improve the survival rate of dental implants. This study aimed to evaluate both in vitro and in vivo outcomes of implants coated with a nano/micro-assembled hydroxyapatite (HA) structure using a laser-induced single-step coating (LISSC) technique. Four types of implant surfaces were examined: machined surface implants (MA), sandblasted large-grit acid-etched implants (SLA), resorbable blasting media implants (RBM), and HA-coated implants (HA).

Optimal Plate Position for Biomechanical Stability in Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Finite Element Analysis.

Background: Research on the ideal fixation position for plates in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) directly applicable in clinical settings is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of different plate positions in MOWHTO through finite element analysis (FEA) to explore a potentially optimal plate position.

Methods: Utilizing the computed tomography images of a 67-year-old man, a 3-dimensional model of the knee, along with an implant (TomoFix standard plate and screws), was created to simulate a virtual MOWHTO with a 10° medial opening gap.

Amlexanox Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury by Restoring Autophagy-Lysosomal Function via cAMP Signaling Modulation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts cellular homeostasis through lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy, contributing to neuronal degeneration. Despite advances in our understanding of these mechanisms, effective therapeutic options remain limited. This study investigates amlexanox (AMX), a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, as a potential treatment for TBI-induced neuronal damage.

Vitexicarpin suppresses colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer via selective inhibition of Anoctamin 1.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain among the most challenging malignancies to treat due to therapy complexity, adverse events, and dose-limiting toxicities, which often result in treatment failure. NSCLC, in particular, has a high mortality rate attributed to late-stage diagnosis and therapeutic resistance. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, has been implicated in cancer progression and is an emerging therapeutic target.

Aducanumab delivery via focused ultrasound-induced transient blood-brain barrier opening in vivo.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance (MRgFUS) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing drug delivery to the brain. Through the controlled oscillation of gas-encased microbubbles, FUS temporarily modulates the integrity of tight junctions, inducing localized blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) and allowing targeted drug passage. Aducanumab (ADU) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing amyloid pathology, yet its clinical application remains limited by the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Targeted nanosome delivery of TPCA-1 for modulating inflammation in a mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of knee post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) characterized by damage to cartilage and surrounding tissues that results in loss of physiological function. This inflammation is mainly regulated by NF-κB pathway. The TPCA-1 can inhibit IκB kinase (IKK) β in NF-κB pathway.

Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Mechano-Electrochemical Generator for Ultralow-Frequency Ocean Wave Monitoring.

Ultralow-frequency waves contain crucial information related to natural disasters; however, conventional technologies are limited in their ability to measure them accurately. To address this challenge, a novel vertically aligned CNT mechano-eletrochemical generator is proposed that generates electrical energy via fluctuation in the electrode-electrolyte interface. This generator utilizes ion movement based on electrochemical interactions, enabling it to generate electrical energy even in ultralow-frequency environments like ocean waves.

Prolonged adaptation to a robotic prosthesis enhances gait symmetry: A case study in a transtibial amputee.

Purpose: This study evaluates the long-term biomechanical and energy efficiency effects of a high-torque, lightweight robotic ankle-foot prosthesis (RAF Pro) in a transtibial amputee, focusing on its potential to enhance gait symmetry and functionality.

Methods: A six-month longitudinal case study was conducted on a 51-year-old male transtibial amputee transitioning from a passive prosthesis to the RAF Pro. Comprehensive gait analyses, including motion capture and force plate assessments, were performed at four intervals: initial fitting, three months, four and a half months, and six months.

PCL scaffold with well-defined hierarchical pores effectively controls cell migration and alignment of human mesenchymal stem cells.

With an increasing incidence of orthopedic fractures due to the growing aging population, the demand for novel bone tissue engineering treatments is rising. Existing biopolymeric scaffolds have hierarchical structure, are biocompatible, and are biodegradable, but struggle to control pore size and interconnectivity, essential features to regulate cell alignment and mechanobiological signaling. This highlights the need to design a biopolymeric scaffold with well-defined hierarchical structure and optimized surface properties to improve bone regeneration.

Investigation of Structural, Optical, Electrical, and Biological Properties of a Porous Platinum Electrode for Neurostimulation Devices.

The structural and optical properties, as well as the electrical and biological characteristics of a porous platinum (Pt) structure for neurostimulation applications, are investigated. Critical factors such as biocompatibility, electrical performance, and structural and optical differences, which can adversely affect the functionality of implantable devices, are systematically analyzed and compared with general electrodes. By employing an integration of three-dimensional simulations and implantation experiments, we demonstrate that the remarkably extensive surface area, low reflectance, and outstanding peak current values inherent in porous Pt facilitate effective stimulation while simultaneously ensuring a high degree of biological safety.

Evaluation of blood-tumor barrier permeability and doxorubicin delivery in rat brain tumor models using additional focused ultrasound stimulation.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising technique for temporarily disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents. Despite its potential, optimizing FUS to maximize drug delivery while minimizing adverse effects remains a significant challenge. In this study, we evaluated a novel FUS protocol that incorporates additional FUS stimulation without microbubbles (MBs) ("FUS protocol") prior to conventional BBB disruption with MBs ("BBBD protocol") in a rat brain tumor model (n = 35).

The role of four-dimensional flow MRI as an adjunct to endoscopy for predicting variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.

BackgroundNon-invasive approach other than conventional endoscopy could be effectively used for screening and monitoring esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB).PurposeTo retrospectively investigate the role of four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an add-on tool to endoscopy for predicting EVB in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices (EVs).Material and MethodsA cohort of 109 cirrhotic patients with EVs was divided into four groups: A = negative red color [RC] sign, no EVB, n = 60; B = negative RC sign, EVB, n = 13; C = positive RC sign, no EVB, n = 10; and D = positive RC sign, EVB, n = 26.

Multi-Scale 3D Cephalometric Landmark Detection Based on Direct Regression with 3D CNN Architectures.

Background: Cephalometric analysis is important in diagnosing and planning treatments for patients, traditionally relying on 2D cephalometric radiographs. With advancements in 3D imaging, automated landmark detection using deep learning has gained prominence. However, 3D imaging introduces challenges due to increased network complexity and computational demands.

Poly(HEMA-co-MMA) Hydrogel Scaffold for Tissue Engineering with Controllable Morphology and Mechanical Properties Through Self-Assembly.

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) has been widely used in medical materials for several decades. However, the poor mechanical properties of this material have limited its application in the field of tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to fabricate a scaffold with suitable mechanical properties and in vitro cell responses for soft tissue by using poly(HEMA-co-MMA) with various concentration ratios of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA).

Biomechanical Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide Fixation in Mandibular Body Reconstruction with Fibula Free Flap: A Finite Element Analysis Incorporating Material Properties and Masticatory Function Evaluation.

In reconstructive surgery following partial mandibulectomy, the biomechanical integrity of the fibula free flap applied to the remaining mandibular region directly influences the prognosis of the surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical integrity of two fixation materials [titanium (Ti) and hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide (HA-PLLA)]. In this study, we simulated the mechanical properties of miniplate and screw fixations in two different systems by finite element analysis.

For a clinical application of optical triangulation to assess respiratory rate using an RGB camera and a line laser.

This paper presents a non-contact and unrestrained respiration monitoring system based on the optical triangulation technique. The proposed system consists of a red-green-blue (RGB) camera and a line laser installed to face the frontal thorax of a human body. The underlying idea of the work is that the camera and line laser are mounted in opposite directions, unlike other research.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Circuit-Based Hydrogel (NACH) Assay for One-Step Detection of Metastatic Gastric Cancer-Derived Exosomal miRNA.

Gastric cancer (GC) is recognized as the fifth most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. It is characterized by diverse clinical symptoms, treatment responses, and prognoses. In GC prognosis, the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) fosters cancer cell invasion and metastasis, thereby triggering the dissemination of tumor cells.