Understanding the genetics and neurology: an overview of adult neurogenetics.

Neurogenetics investigates the genetic basis of neurological disorders. It encompasses conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases with predominantly polygenic risk genes, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, to monogenic diseases and repeated expansion disorders within movement and neuromuscular disorders, such as Friedreich ataxia and muscular dystrophies. Significant advances in recent years that have revolutionized our understanding of disease mechanisms and paved the way for personalized medicine approaches are due to the field of neurogenetics, with its intricate relationship both with clinical and genetic research.

Predictive modeling of bruising in broiler chickens using machine learning algorithms.

Bruising chicken broiler is caused by physical stress and injury to the skin and underlying tissues is a major problem in poultry production, affecting both animal welfare and economic outcomes. The aim of this study was to classify the bruising class (low or high percentage of carcass showing bruise at slaughterhouse) per truckload comparing the predictive performance of six machine learning (ML) models- Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Classification Tree (CT), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)- and using a data set including information about season, time of transport, sex of the flock, flock size, chicken age, chicken mean body weight, housing stocking density, on farm mortality and culling rate, and feed withdrawal time. The general objective was to offer tools for the early detection of flocks with a higher likelihood of bruising and to highlight how ML can support decision-making, strengthen welfare monitoring programs, and reduce economic losses in commercial broiler production.

Effects of and Milk Thistle Extracts on Biomarkers of Antioxidants Status and Liver Function in Healthy Dogs.

This study investigated the effects of and milk thistle seed extract (GB/MT) supplementation on antioxidant status, liver function, and general health in healthy dogs. Six French Bulldogs were enrolled in a crossover design and fed commercial diets supplemented with GB/MT at either 1 or 2 g/day for 21 days. Blood samples were collected at baseline (day 0), during supplementation (days 14 and 21), and after withdrawal (day 28) to assess serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH/GSSG), liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), albumin, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol.

Binary Mixtures of Essential Oils: Potent Housefly Adulticides That Are Safe Against Non-Target Species.

In this study, we investigated the insecticidal potential of Labill. and Stapf essential oils (EOs), both alone and in synergistic blends with their primary active compounds, against adult houseflies ( L.).

Performance of deep learning models for the classification and object detection of different oral white lesions using photographic images.

Computer vision adjunctive technology for oral lesion diagnoses has been developed to detect and identify Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and non-OPMDs. The early detection of OPMDs can reduce the risk of oral cancer development, improving the survival rate of the patients. This study aims to evaluate the computer vision technique in the white oral lesion domain within the scope of photographic images.

Computationally guided optimization of the antimalarial activity and physicochemical properties of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines.

() is the most prevalent cause of malaria infections in humans. Due to the development of resistant strains, newer drugs, or drugs acting at novel targets are constantly being sought. Here, we report the design and preparation of 48 new 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives targeting the protein kinome.

Engineering Zymomonas mobilis for improving genetic transformation and stability of multi-gene biosynthetic pathways.

Zymomonas mobilis holds significant promise for metabolic engineering but suffers from inefficient transformation and instability of plasmids over 8 kb. In this study, an element library containing promoters and terminators was constructed by analyzing the promoter activities of Z. mobilis ZM4.

Russula orientalovirescens sp. nov., a common Southeast Asian edible fungus is different from the European look-alike R. virescens.

Green-cracking Russulas are edible fungi that are widely consumed and traded in Southeast Asia. Asian collections of this morphotype were frequently identified as R. virescens in local literature.

Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023.

This study provides a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation health in Southern Thailand from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the impacts of temperature and water stress on vegetation degradation. Using high-resolution Landsat-derived kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), alongside precipitation (PPT), soil moisture (SM), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (SR), several key indices were derived such as Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The study offers a robust framework to monitor vegetation health under climate stress by integrating satellite-based indices with detailed climate datasets.

Role of cyclophilin A as an immunostimulator in responses to Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND infection in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a highly conserved peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that plays a crucial role in protein folding, immune regulation, and cellular stress responses. In shrimp, CypA has been implicated in innate immunity, particularly in response to viral and bacterial infections. This study investigates the role of the Penaeus monodon cyclophilin A (PmCypA) in shrimp infected with V.

Intracellular cargo transport along multiple filaments with lane switching.

Cargo transport mostly involves multiple molecular motors that move along cytoskeletal filaments. Such motors have the ability to detach and reattach on a filament and possibly switch onto another filament. Cargo transport by multiple motors on a single filament has been widely studied; however, cargo transport involving motors switching between filaments remains poorly understood.

Association of Coronavirus Infection with Higher Mortality Rate and Longer Hospital Stay in Patients with Major Extremity Fractures.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected healthcare systems, raising concerns about patient outcomes, particularly for those with coexisting conditions. Despite various studies on orthopedic injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic, differences in treatment outcomes remain insufficiently known. This retrospective cohort study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with major extremity fractures requiring surgery.

Talus Fracture - a Pathomechanical Study Using Finite Element Analysis.

Background: The talus is a peculiar bone in the human body that plays a key role in load transfer due to its unique shape and characteristics. Fractures involve challenging treatment and potential complications. We aimed to simulate the talus using real-world data and analyze its biomechanical responses to potential forces that might cause its fracture.

Mucoadhesive Andrographolide-Loaded Liposomes for Nasal Delivery Modulate Inflammatory Responses in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.

Inflammatory lung injury from a fever or sepsis can impair pulmonary function. While anti-inflammatory agents are commonly used, side effects could occur. Andrographolide (AGP) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity, making it a promising alternative treatment.

Early Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritis With a Natural Language Processing-Driven Approach Based on Clinician Notes: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of knee arthritis that can cause significant disability and affect a patient's quality of life. Although this disease is chronic and irreversible, the patient's condition can be improved and the progression of the disease can be prevented if the disease is diagnosed early and the patient receives appropriate treatment immediately. Therefore, the prediction of knee OA is considered one of the essential steps to effectively diagnose and prevent further severe OA conditions.

A Simple and Rapid Synthesis of Spherical Silver Phosphate (AgPO) and Its Antimicrobial Activity in Plant Tissue Culture.

A simple and rapid precipitation process was successfully employed to prepare silver phosphate (SP, AgPO). Two different phosphate sources: diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH)HPO) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (KHPO) were applied separately as the precursor, obtaining ((NH)HPO) and KHPO derived SP powders, named SP-A or SP-P, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra pointed out the vibrational characteristics of P-O and O-P-O interactions, confirming the presence of the PO43- functional group for SP.

Development of a Broad-Spectrum Pan-Mpox Vaccine via Immunoinformatic Approaches.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused 148,892 confirmed cases and 341 deaths from 137 countries worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), highlighting the urgent need for effective vaccines to prevent the spread of MPXV. Traditional vaccine development is low-throughput, expensive, time consuming, and susceptible to reversion to virulence. Alternatively, a reverse vaccinology approach offers a rapid, efficient, and safer alternative for MPXV vaccine design.

Extraction of Chitin, Chitosan, and Calcium Acetate from Mussel Shells for Sustainable Waste Management.

In this paper, mussel shells were used to produce chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate using chemical processes, searching for an alternative environmentally friendly biopolymer and calcium source. Mussel shells were treated with acetic acid as a demineralizing agent, resulting in separate solid fractions and calcium solution. The solid was further purified to produce chitin by deproteinization and decolorization processes, and then the deacetylation process was used to obtain chitosan.

Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler.

This study investigated the effects of reducing organic trace minerals below commercial inclusion levels and compared them with both low-dose and commercial levels of inorganic trace minerals, focusing on growth performance, carcass traits, tibia characteristics, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and immune response (serum IgG) in broilers. A total of 384 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: (1) commercial-level inorganic trace minerals (ILI; Zn 100 ppm; Cu 15 ppm; Fe 100 ppm; Mn 80 ppm; Se 0.2 ppm; I 3 ppm); (2) low-level organic trace minerals (LLO; Zn 30 ppm; Cu 4 ppm; Fe 11 ppm; Mn 30 ppm; Se 0.

Comparative effects of standardized Centella asiatica extract (ECa 233) and its active compound mixture on proteomics and mitochondrial function.

ECa 233 is a standardized extract of Centella asiatica that contains the major active compounds madecassoside (MDS) and asiaticoside (ASS), which can strengthen hippocampal synapses, resulting in a memory-enhancing effect. This study explored the possible mechanisms of ECa 233 related to synaptic enhancement via proteomic analysis. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and hippocampal slices obtained from healthy male Wistar rats were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, ECa 233, or the MDS + ASS mixture.

Discovery of Streptomyces marinisediminis sp. nov., a new thiolutin producing actinomycete isolated from Thai marine sediment.

Thiolutin and 2,2-dioxidothiolutin are sulfur-containing antibiotics discovered through a targeted high-throughput screening strategy designed to identify compounds with antimicrobial activity. The producing strain, JHD1, is an actinomycete isolated from marine sediment collected in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JHD1 belongs to the genus Streptomyces.

AI Chatbot for Post-Operative Oral Surgery Information and Support.

This study presented the development of an AI chatbot specifically designed to address oral surgery-related inquiries. The chatbot, trained on a dataset of 240 questions, utilized machine learning algorithms to predict the corresponding operation for each question. The best model achieved accuracy of 0.

Discovery and characterization of bioactive compounds from Limnophila aromatica: nevadensin and related flavonoids as potent antimicrobial agents.

Limnophila aromatica, a traditional medicinal plant, has been previously reported to possess notable antimicrobial properties. However, the specific bioactive constituents responsible for this activity remain largely unidentified. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antibacterial potential of compounds from a 100% ethanolic extract of L.

The Incidence of Cysts and Tumors Related to Impacted Mandibular Third Molars in the Thai Population.

Objective: To determine the frequency and types of cysts and tumors around the impacted mandibular third molars (IMTMs) in the Thai population.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study of the histopathologic results of the lesions associated with IMTMs from January 2022 to December 2023. In addition, the age and sex of the patients, panoramic radiographs were also reviewed.

Stakeholder perspectives on skills required for health technology developers: a qualitative study in Thailand.

Background: Throughout history, medical education has developed in response to societal changes and advances in biological research and technology. Health technology, encompassing devices, medicines, vaccines, and digital health systems, is transforming healthcare with increased effectiveness and efficiency. Thailand, a popular medical tourism destination, intends to shift its focus to high-quality healthcare services and advanced technologies for long-term economic sustainability.