Performance of ChatGPT-4 Omni and Gemini 1.5 Pro on Ophthalmology-Related Questions in the Turkish Medical Specialty Exam.

Objectives: To evaluate the response and interpretative capabilities of two pioneering artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language model (LLM) platforms in addressing ophthalmology-related multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from Turkish Medical Specialty Exams.

Materials And Methods: MCQs from a total of 37 exams held between 2006-2024 were reviewed. Ophthalmology-related questions were identified and categorized into sections.

Key Predictors of Mortality in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify key predictors of mortality in patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Our specific goals included characterizing the demographic and clinical features of hospitalized CCHF patients in Türkiye, determining factors associated with mortality among these patients, and evaluating the impact of early ribavirin administration.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1103 CCHF patients across 18 hospitals in Türkiye from January 1, 2019, to November 20, 2024.

Investigation of the frequency of meningothelial hyperplasia and its clinicopathological correlation in patients diagnosed with subdural hematoma.

Subdural hematomas develop as a result of hemorrhages in bridging veins located within the subdural space, between the dura mater and arachnoid mater. Histopathological examination of surgical specimens from hematoma regions may reveal meningothelial cell hyperplasia secondary to the hemorrhage. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of meningothelial hyperplasia (MH), cell count and size observed in these specimens and to highlight this proliferation which may mimic meningioma in differential diagnosis.

Postmortem Temporal Changes in Liver and Spleen Stiffness: Evaluation with Shear Wave Elastography in a Rat Model.

: Postmortem changes in tissue stiffness and organ morphology are critical for forensic medicine and pathology. Shear wave elastography (SWE) has emerged as a non-invasive tool to assess tissue stiffness, yet its potential for postmortem interval estimation remains underexplored. While previous studies have demonstrated early postmortem alterations in tissue elasticity, the temporal progression of these changes in different organs is not fully understood.

Multimodal imaging analysis of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Pathophysiological backgrounds of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and autosomal recessive monogenic Parkinson's disease (AR-PD) have common features that can be assessed through multimodal imaging. In this study, the striatal and myocardial dopaminergic innervation, brain 18F-FDG metabolism, resting-state functional activity of basal ganglia network (BGN) and white-matter (WM) microstructure were evaluated in AR-PD with respect to IPD, to investigate whether AR-PD can be subtyped as "brain-first" parkinsonism according to recent etiopathogenetic classification effort.

Methods: Forty patients (17 with Parkin, 3 with DJ-1 mutations and 20 with IPD) were included.

Phacoemulsification surgery in patients with diabetic macular edema: should intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy be performed before or simultaneously with surgery?

Aim: To investigate the optimal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment time in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) scheduled for cataract surgery.

Methods: The study was designed to include 4 groups. Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with diabetes but no retinopathy (DR; group 1), 17 eyes of 17 patients with DR but no DME (group 2), and 19 eyes of 19 patients with DME who received anti-VEGF therapy concurrently with cataract surgery (group 3), and 21 eyes of 21 patients who received anti-VEGF therapy for DME 1wk before cataract surgery (group 4).

A Rising Drug Burden Index Is Related With Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Dementia.

Objectives: Malnutrition is common in dementia patients and can lead to poor outcomes. Also, these patients are often prescribed medications with sedative and anticholinergic effects for various reasons. Thus, we aimed to explore the relationship between drug burden index (DBI), anticholinergic burden (ACB), and nutrition status in community-dwelling older adults with dementia.

Evaluation of Eustachian tube function in Behçet᾿s disease: A case-control study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Eustachian tube function in patients with Behçet's disease (BD).

Patients And Methods: Forty-six patients (22 males, 24 females; mean age: 42.1±11.

Predicting the Feasibility of Local Tissues in Recurrent Palate Fistula Repair: A New Scoring System.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of structural changes from repeated failed surgeries on outcomes and develop a scoring system to evaluate local palatal tissue usability in recurrent fistula repairs.

Design: A retrospective study of 51 patients with prior failed fistula surgeries using a novel scoring system for palatal tissue evaluation.

Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary care center for craniofacial surgery.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Before Biological and Synthetic DMARD Treatment: Results from Three Rheumatology Centers in Different Regions of Türkiye.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) and its associated factors in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) prior to the administration of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs/tsDMARDs).

Material And Methods: A total of 402 patients with IRDs who were receiving bDMARDs/tsDMARDs from tertiary rheumatology centers in three different geographical regions were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and TB-related characteristics were documented.

Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block and Pericapsular Nerve Group Block Catheter Procedure for Postoperative Joint Motion Limitation Rehabilitation.

A distal femur fracture is an orthopedic condition that can be seen in all age groups and causes severe pain both preoperatively and postoperatively. Poorly managed pain can lead to hemodynamic changes, the need for additional analgesic drugs containing opioids, increased hospital stay, delayed mobilization, and patient dissatisfaction. Regional anesthesia techniques can be used for preoperative and postoperative analgesia.

Can Measurements of Whole Wall and Intima-Media Thickness of Lower Extremity Veins Really Be Used to Diagnose Behcet's Disease?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of measuring intima-media thickness (IMT) and whole wall thickness (WWT) of deep and superficial veins in the lower extremity of Behcet's disease (BD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 Behcet patients and 64 healthy control subjects. IMT and WWT of the common femoral (CFV) and great saphenous veins (GSV) were measured by a blinded radiologist using ultrasound.

Evaluation of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Algorithms' Diagnostic Efficacy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet Models.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of two advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT-4o) and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, in identifying AIS from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage from Computed Tomography Images: Diagnostic Role and Efficacy of ChatGPT-4o.

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiological image analysis is rapidly evolving. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer Omni (GPT-4 Omni) in detecting intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) in non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) images, along with its ability to classify hemorrhage type, stage, anatomical location, and associated findings. A retrospective study was conducted using 240 cases, comprising 120 ICH cases and 120 controls with normal findings.

Case Report: Trendelenburg gait caused by retained drain fragment: a rare complication of total hip arthroplasty.

Retained drain fragments, though rare, can lead to significant complications in orthopedic surgery(1). This case report presents a 57-year-old woman who developed gluteal tendinopathy and Trendelenburg gait two years after a total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to a retained drain fragment. A less experienced surgeon encountered resistance during drain removal on the first postoperative day and applied excessive force, unknowingly leaving a fragment inside.

The disease burden of earlier and late-onset rheumatoid arthritis on depression and related geriatric syndromes.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the prevalence of depression and related geriatric syndromes in earlier-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) patients, who have experienced prolonged inflammation and medication use, with those with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) patients, who often present with an acute and severe course.

Methods: In this multidisciplinary study, patients with EORA and LORA aged 60 and over who were referred to a tertiary rheumatology clinic underwent a geronto-rheumatologic evaluation. Muscle mass and handgrip strength, cognitive function, nutritional status, Fried frailty index, fall history, gait speed, depression according to Geriatric Depression Scale and Insomnia Severity Index were recorded.

An Unusual Case of Low Vision and Anisocoria Considered a Neurological Finding in the Emergency Department: Ocular Siderosis.

We present the case of a patient who came to the emergency department with a significant decrease in vision and dilated pupil in the left eye. Since neurological pathologies were primarily considered, diffusion brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain computed tomography (CT) were requested. After the results were reported as normal, we were consulted.

The Efficacy of Adalimumab Treatment in Pediatric Non-Infectious Uveitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical features of pediatric non-infectious uveitis (NIU) patients treated with adalimumab (ADA) and the efficacy of ADA in patients unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive therapy.

Materials And Methods: The records of 91 NIU patients aged ≤16 years who received ADA therapy were evaluated retrospectively. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment approaches were recorded.

Could "Sub-RPE illumination" be a prognostic marker? A prospective dry AMD study.

Purpose: To evaluate the natural history of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through advanced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) analysis and sub-RPE illumination (SRI) data and to elucidate their correlation with disease progression.

Methods: A total of 82 patients with dry AMD were included in this longitudinal study. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was utilized to evaluate central macular thickness (CMT), central retinal thickness (CRT), foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity.

Can Kinesiotaping Reduce Pain in Rib Fractures?: A Randomized Prospective Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of kinesiotaping on pain scores in patients with rib fractures following isolated thoracic trauma.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized prospective study, patients with isolated thoracic trauma and rib fractures were randomized into kinesiotaping and control groups between January 24, 2024, and October 1, 2024. Patients in the control group received standard analgesic treatment.

Comparative evaluation of 2D and 3D YouTube videos as supplementary educational resources for vitreoretinal surgery training.

Ophthalmologists and ophthalmology residents (ORs) are increasingly turning to the internet for medical information, underscoring the significant role that YouTube videos, particularly three-dimensional (3D) ones, play in lifelong learning. This study aimed to compare the content and quality of 3D YouTube videos with two-dimensional (2D) videos as supplementary educational tools for vitreoretinal surgery. Data collected included video length (minutes), time elapsed since upload (days), number of views, likes, dislikes, vitreoretinal surgery type, and visualization system.