Enzymatic synthesis of inositol plasmalogens from distinct lipid sources using phospholipase D from Streptomyces antibioticus.

Plasmalogens are a subclass of glycerophospholipids characterized by a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position; they play several physiological roles including membrane stabilization, antioxidant activity, and signal transduction. While choline, ethanolamine, serine, and glycerol plasmalogens (PlsCho, PlsEtn, PlsSer, and PlsGro) are naturally abundant, inositol plasmalogens (PlsIns) are rare. In contrast to the limited occurrence of PlsIns, phosphatidylinositol is a biologically crucial lipid, and its enzymatic biosynthesis from phosphatidylcholine has been extensively studied.

Deep-sea salt as a novel additive for 3D-printed surimi: boosting protein bonding, antioxidant capacity, and digestibility.

Enhancing both structural integrity and nutritional properties is crucial for developing a functional three-dimensional (3D)-printed surimi formulation. Herein, deep-sea salt was used as a substitute for conventional salt to develop 3D-printed surimi. The physicochemical properties, sensory scores, microstructural examinations, chemical bonding analysis, digestion studies, and antioxidant activity of the 3D-printed surimi were systematically evaluated.

Comparison of ferulic acid-crosslinked anthocyanins-fish gelatin-based intelligent hydrogels and films: Characterization and application.

Fish gelatin (FG) is a biopolymer with favorable biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and water retention, making it ideal for films, hydrogels, and bio-based applications. This study aimed to comparatively investigate the FG based intelligent films and hydrogels for monitoring shrimp freshness. Intelligent films and hydrogels were prepared using FG as a macromolecular matrix, incorporating ferulic acid (FA)-crosslinked anthocyanin (ACN) as an indicator, and enhanced with polysaccharides (κ-carrageenan (κC), xanthan glucomannan (XG), and konjac glucomannan (KGM)).

Phytomers, collet and founder cells: a "universal" plant embryonic body plan from a developmental, molecular, and evolutionary perspective.

This article presents a novel perspective on plant embryogenesis, fundamentally differentiating it from the animal embryo model upon which plant models have long been based to discern the genetic and molecular mechanisms. We propose a plant embryonic body plan that aligns developmental and evolutionary insights across all five embryophyte groups (bryophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms). This conceptual model is grounded in a Reprogramming Potential (RP) involving an activation (RP1+) -suppression (RP1-) switch (RP1+/RP1-), which integrates embryonic development in a stepwise manner across diverse embryophytes.

Development and validation of a new co-dominant DNA marker for selecting the null allele of polyphenol oxidase gene in common wheat ( L.).

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a key enzyme contributing to the time-dependent discoloration of wheat products. Developing cultivars with low PPO activity is one way to solve this problem. In this study, we focused on the gene, which has the second highest effect on grain PPO activity after the gene.

Sake Lees: A Potential Feed Ingredient to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Function in Indigenous Meat-type Chickens.

Food loss and waste (FLW) is a serious problem worldwide. One proposed solution is to divert FLW to livestock feed. From the viewpoint of food mileage, it is increasingly recommended that the distance that food travels between the sites of production and consumption is as short as possible (the consumption of local food products).

A novel synthetic bile acid derivative inhibits hepatitis B virus infection at entry step by interfering with the oligomerization of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine and effective anti-HBV drugs. The currently approved anti-HBV drugs-i.e.

Effects of luteal blood flow on endometrial progesterone concentrations and gene expression in Japanese Black cows.

Luteal blood flow (LBF) is essential for progesterone (P) biosynthesis in the corpus luteum (CL) and affects bovine fertility. However, the mechanism by which LBF affects fertility remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of LBF on endometrial P concentrations and gene expression.

Interrelationship Between Intraepithelial Nerve Endings and Epithelial Cells in the Rat Epiglottis Revealed by Array Tomography With Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Nerve endings in the laryngeal mucosa interact with epithelial cells to generate sensory discharges against various external stimuli. In the present study, we performed array tomography with scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphological interrelationship between intraepithelial nerve endings and epithelial cells in the rat epiglottis. In the epiglottic mucosa, thin nerve fibers/endings and ramified nerve endings were observed in the epithelial layer.

Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets intercalated between graphite layers.

Molybdenum disulfide-graphite intercalation compounds (MoS-GICs), featuring lateral dimensions of several hundred nanometers and a thickness of one to two molybdenum disulfide layers, were synthesized intercalation of molybdenum chloride into graphite followed by sulfidation with hydrogen sulfide within the graphite interlayers. The resulting MoS-GIC catalysts demonstrated superior activity and selectivity for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene, as well as enhanced activity for naphthalene hydrogenation, compared to molybdenum disulfide supported on graphite (MoS/Gmix), when evaluated in a batch reaction system.

Detection of avian haemosporidian parasite DNA from potential vector arthropods distributed in the endangered bird conservation facility at Sado Island of Japan.

Avian haemosporidian parasites cause high pathogenicity and lethal infections to non-native or introduced birds. Crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) resulted extinct in Japan but the Chinese population was introduced to Japan. Understanding the prevalence of pathogens of rare species is important for their conservation but it is often difficult to investigate them due to the limitation of the access.

Investigating the mechanisms behind magnetic field effects on shrimp myofibrillar protein conformation and functionality.

To clarify the regulatory mechanism of a 5 mT static magnetic field on the structure and function of myofibrillar protein (MP) in shrimps, different state of MPs systems was constructed. The results showed that protein oxidation was inhibited in the S-MF group, maintaining the highest sulfhydryl content (138.91 μmol/mg) and the lowest surface hydrophobicity (40.

A comparative study of freezing methods on quality of Atlantic Salmon: Refrigerator, liquid immersion, and magnetic field-assisted techniques.

To investigate the effects of freezing methods on the quality of Atlantic salmon, four freezing methods were evaluated: refrigerator freezing (RF), liquid immersion freezing (LIF), static magnetic field-assisted freezing (SMF), and static magnetic field-assisted immersion freezing (SMF-LIF). The results showed that SMF-LIF technology significantly reduced freezing damage by synergistically regulating ice crystal growth kinetics (69 μm, compared to 205 μm in the RF group) and intermolecular interactions, resulting in lower centrifugal loss (12.92 %), higher hardness (1280.

Prostaglandin F exacerbates ovalbumin-induced chronic pneumonia and attenuates depression in mice.

Prolonged lung inflammation leads to the development of asthma and approximately 27.8% of adult patients with asthma suffer from depression. We examined the effect of the prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist, fluprostenol, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and asthma-related depression in mice.

Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma in a Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata).

Histiocytic sarcomas are rare in humans and primates. Particularly, only a few examples in nonhuman primates have been reported. This is the first report of histiocytic sarcoma in Macaca fuscata.

Preservative Effects of sp. Extract in Maintaining the Quality and Shelf Life of Refrigerated Pangas () Fillets.

Quality deterioration and alterations in the sensory parameters of the pangas fillet in refrigerated conditions are the relative causes of enzymatic and bacteriological effects. This experiment was conducted to analyze the impacts of sp. extracts (GE) on the storability of refrigerated pangas fillets for 15 days.

Evaluation of synthetic peptides for direct protein delivery into Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Efficient intracellular delivery of functional proteins into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains a major technical challenge due to its rigid cell wall. Here, we report that synthetic peptide tags, particularly penetratin, enable nearly complete delivery of GFP, albeit with substantial cytotoxicity. This method provides a promising non-genetic platform for the intracellular delivery and functional analysis of proteins in yeast systems.

A key regulatory region required for the inhibition of proline utilization in the yeast transceptor Can1.

The transceptor Can1 negatively regulates proline utilization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we demonstrated that Can1 physically interacts with the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A (Tpk1, Tpk2, and Tpk3). Furthermore, we identified a specific site in Can1 that is essential for inhibiting proline utilization.

Expression of Olfactory Sense-Related Genes in Chicken Olfactory Epithelium.

Olfaction plays a key role in the selection and acquisition of feed as well as its vision and gustation. Although olfactory behavior in chickens is speculated to depend on olfactory receptors, trace-amine-associated receptors (TAARs), and its signaling pathway, insufficient information is available regarding the expression of these molecules in chicken olfactory epithelium. Here, we investigated whether genes encoding representative olfactory receptors, TAARs, and olfactory signaling pathway molecules were expressed in this tissue.

Various states of the capsid proteins released from Japanese encephalitis virus-infected cells.

In orthoflaviviruses, the viral capsid protein plays a crucial role in genome packaging and formation of infectious viral particles. However, their functions are believed to be diverse owing to their unique properties. In this study, we investigated the secretion of a capsid protein, independent of its role in viral particle assembly, using a recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) expressing a capsid protein fused with a HiBiT tag (JEV C-HiBiT), a highly sensitive reporter tag.

Shape memory alloys for cryogenic actuators.

Actuators are widely used in various mechanical products. However, there have been no actuators that can exhibit high actuation stresses and strains at cryogenic temperatures. Although shape memory alloys (SMAs) are attractive candidates for thermally driven actuators with high actuation stresses and strains, the operation of conventional SMAs is limited to a narrow temperature range near the room temperature.

Lack of CeR-2a RNA gene delays egg-laying onset in C. elegans mutant.

CeR-2a RNA is a putative Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of vertebrate U8 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), which plays an essential role in large subunit (LSU) pre-rRNA processing. It was previously reported that, in the mutant strain MT16939, which lacks the CeR-2a RNA gene (cer-2a), there were higher levels of accumulation of the LSU pre-rRNA c'1 than in wild-type N2. To confirm this, we generated two strains using the MosSCI method: HUJ0005, in which cer-2a was reintroduced, and HUJ0006, in which cer-2b, a nearly identical paralog, was inserted.

Co-ingesting whey protein with dual-source carbohydrate enhances amino acid availability without compromising post-exercise liver glycogen resynthesis.

We examined the effects of ingesting maltodextrin and/or fructose with protein co-ingestion on post-exercise liver and muscle glycogen resynthesis. Following glycogen-depleting exercise, 10 well-trained male cyclists ingested 60 g h carbohydrate from either maltodextrin (MAL), fructose (FRU), 1:1 ratio of maltodextrin + fructose (MF) or 1:1 ratio of maltodextrin + fructose plus 30 g whey protein at 0 and 180 min (PRO) during a 5 h recovery period. C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging were performed at 0, 120 and 300 min following exercise to determine liver and muscle glycogen concentrations and liver volume.

Factors influencing bacterial viability on face masks and bactericidal effect of disinfection methods.

Face masks are contaminated with bacteria during daily use and storage. Several studies have already been conducted on face mask decontamination and bacterial survival during the pandemic. However, there are limited reports on methods of decontamination that can be implemented in daily life.

Glyceraldehyde and glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products have negative effect on chicken myoblasts.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are formed through glycation between reducing sugars or their metabolites, including glyceraldehyde (GA). AGEs are associated with various chronic diseases in humans. Among them, GA-derived AGEs (GA-AGEs) exhibit strong toxicity in several cell types and are considered toxic AGEs.