Combining Time-Restricted Wheel Running and Feeding During the Light Phase Increases Running Intensity Under High-Fat Diet Conditions Without Altering the Total Amount of Daily Running.

Excess caloric intake and insufficient physical activity are the two major drivers underlying the global obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemics. However, circadian misalignment of caloric intake and physical activity, as commonly experienced by nightshift workers, can also have detrimental effects on body weight and glucose homeostasis. We have previously reported that combined restriction of eating and voluntary wheel running to the inactive phase (i.

Voluntary Running and Estrous Cycle Modulate ΔFOSB in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Wistar Rat.

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian pacemaker of the mammalian brain, integrates both environmental and endogenous information to modulate various physiological and behavioral processes. Both light and physical activity entrain SCN circadian rhythmicity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms for physical activity remain elusive. Repetitive neuronal stimulation results in accumulation of the stable transcription factor ΔFOSB, that has been implicated in long-term brain plasticity, altered neuronal excitability, and changes in behavior.

One size fits null: attentional brain responses differ depending on insomnia subtype.

Study Objectives: Event-related potential (ERP) studies on attentional brain processes in insomnia disorder (ID) have yielded inconsistent findings. Such inconsistencies may relate to small sample sizes, limited corrections for multiple comparisons, and the possibility of heterogeneity within the clinical population. We aimed to overcome these limitations by studying ERP responses both across and within subtypes in a larger sample of ID.

Interactive effects of light at night and high fructose intake on the central circadian clock and endocrine outputs in rats.

Light pollution is an increasing global environmental risk factor that contributes to the recent burden of metabolic diseases. The underlying mechanisms are not understood, but disruption of circadian control of physiological and behavioural processes may be involved. The negative consequences of chronodisruption can be augmented by co-exposure to high energy intake.

A theoretical perspective on the role of sleep in borderline personality disorder: From causative factor to treatment target.

Sleep plays a crucial role in emotion regulation. Disturbed sleep is therefore increasingly seen as a potential causal factor for the development and maintenance of affective psychiatric disorders. This may hold especially for borderline personality disorder (BPD), a core emotion dysregulation disorder.

Amount and timing of physical activity in relation to sleep quality in the general middle-aged Dutch population: A cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: To examine whether the amount and timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with sleep quality and duration in the general population.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data of a Dutch cohort collected between 2008 and 2012. Timing of physical activity (measured using an accelerometer) was categorized as performing most MVPA in morning (06:00-12:00), afternoon (12:00-18:00), evening (18:00-00:00), or even distribution of MVPA over the day (reference).

Increased oxytocin/vasopressin ratio in bipolar disorder in a cohort of human postmortem adults.

Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share some common characteristics in stress-related brain circuits, but they also exhibit distinct symptoms. Our previous postmortem research on the immunoreactivity (ir) levels of neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (OT) and some clinical research on plasma OT levels suggested that increased levels of OT is a potential trait marker for BD. However, dysregulation of the related neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP), that often shows opposite effects for stress responses compared to OT has not been investigated in BD.

Role of the Central Cholinergic Nervous System in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Although dopamine agonists have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the treatment of motor symptoms, their capacity to enhance non-motor symptoms remains constrained. This suggests that additional neurotransmitter systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD-related symptoms.

Histamine 2 receptor: Emerging target for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A study by An et al. sheds a novel light on the potential role of histamine 2 receptor (HR) deficiency in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which could be a future therapeutic target of ADHD. This spotlight provides an overview of the current knowledge of the histaminergic system and proposes future directions.

Histamine Modulation of the Basal Ganglia Circuitry in the Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic system dysfunction that results from the degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra. However, studies suggest that other neurotransmitters, especially histamine, may also play a role in the development of PD.

Recent Findings: Numerous studies show that histamine levels in the basal ganglia significantly change in PD pathology, correlating with motor symptoms observed in animal models of PD.

Quantifying multilabeled brain cells in the whole prefrontal cortex reveals reduced inhibitory and a subtype of excitatory neuronal marker expression in serotonin transporter knockout rats.

The prefrontal cortex regulates emotions and is influenced by serotonin. Rodents lacking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) show increased anxiety and changes in excitatory and inhibitory cell markers in the prefrontal cortex. However, these observations are constrained by limitations in brain representation and cell segmentation, as standard immunohistochemistry is inadequate to consider volume variations in regions of interest.

Aberrant Functional Connectivity and Brain Network Organization in High-Schizotypy Individuals: An Electroencephalography Study.

Background And Hypothesis: Oscillatory synchrony plays a crucial role in establishing functional connectivity across distinct brain regions. Within the realm of schizophrenia, suggested to be a neuropsychiatric disconnection syndrome, discernible aberrations arise in the organization of brain networks. We aim to investigate whether the resting-state functional network is already altered in healthy individuals with high schizotypy traits, highlighting the pivotal influence of brain rhythms in driving brain network alterations.

Sleep-wake modulation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: Suggestions for postponement and treatment.

Sleep-wake disorders are recognized as one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). Accumulating evidence has highlighted a significant association between sleep-wake disorders and AD pathogenesis, suggesting that sleep-wake modulation could be a promising approach for postponing AD onset. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the pineal hormone melatonin are major central modulating components of the circadian rhythm system.

Conventional and Tropism-Modified High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Exhibit Similar Transduction Profiles in Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids.

Viral vector delivery of gene therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of numerous retinal diseases. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) constitute the primary gene delivery platform; however, their limited cargo capacity restricts the delivery of several clinically relevant retinal genes. In this study, we explore the feasibility of employing high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) as alternative delivery vehicles, which, with a capacity of up to 36 kb, can potentially accommodate all known retinal gene coding sequences.

Resilience to Alzheimer's disease associates with alterations in perineuronal nets.

Introduction: Some individuals show intact cognition despite the presence of neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The plasticity of parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons might contribute to resilience. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), that is, extracellular matrix structures around neurons, modulate PV neuron function.

Inhibitory maturation and ocular dominance plasticity in mouse visual cortex require astrocyte CB1 receptors.

Endocannabinoids, signaling through the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), regulate several forms of neuronal plasticity. CB1Rs in the developing primary visual cortex (V1) play a key role in the maturation of inhibitory circuits. Although CB1Rs were originally thought to reside mainly on presynaptic axon terminals, several studies have highlighted an unexpected role for astrocytic CB1Rs in endocannabinoid mediated plasticity.

Time-restricted feeding does not improve daily rhythms in locomotion and drinking disrupted by artificial light at night.

Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts natural darkness and desynchronizes daily rhythms in physiological processes and behavior. Previously, in rats, we have shown that dim ALAN disturbed the central circadian control and the temporal organization of behavior, and hormonal and metabolic pathways. The measurements of undisturbed daily behavioral (locomotor activity, feeding and drinking) patterns revealed reduced amplitudes and a transitory activity peak in the middle of the light (i.

Enhancing non-invasive pre-surgical evaluation through functional connectivity and graph theory in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy, characterized as a network disorder, involves widely distributed areas following seizure propagation from a limited onset zone. Accurate delineation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is crucial for successful surgery in drug-resistant focal epilepsy. While visual analysis of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) primarily elucidates seizure spreading patterns, we employed brain connectivity techniques and graph theory principles during the pre-ictal to ictal transition to define the epileptogenic network.

Synergy between time-restricted feeding and time-restricted running is necessary to shift the muscle clock in male wistar rats.

Circadian disruption is an important factor driving the current-day high prevalence of obesity and type-2 diabetes. While the impact of incorrect timing of caloric intake on circadian disruption is widely acknowlegded, the contribution of incorrect timing of physical activity remains relatively understudied. Here, we modeled the incorrect timing of physical activity in nightshift workers in male Wistar rats, by restricting running wheel access to the innate inactive (light) phase (LR).

Ginsenoside Rg3 Restores Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Homeostasis via GRB2 to Prevent Parkinson's Disease.

Regulating cardiolipin to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising strategy for addressing Parkinson's disease (PD). Through a comprehensive screening and validation process involving multiple models, ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) as a compound capable of enhancing cardiolipin levels is identified. This augmentation in cardiolipin levels fosters mitochondrial homeostasis by bolstering mitochondrial unfolded protein response, promoting mitophagy, and enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.