Critical exponents of the spin-glass transition in a field at zero temperature.

We analyze the spin-glass transition in a field in finite dimension [Formula: see text] below the upper critical dimension directly at zero temperature using a recently introduced perturbative loop expansion around the Bethe lattice solution. The expansion is generated by the so-called [Formula: see text]-layer construction, and it has [Formula: see text] as the associated small parameter. Computing analytically and numerically these nonstandard diagrams at first order in the [Formula: see text] expansion, we construct an [Formula: see text]-expansion around the upper critical dimension [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text].

Hidden Rhythms of a Developing Brain: Multimetric rs-fMRI Insights Into Typical Youth Maturation.

Understanding functional brain development during childhood and adolescence is essential for identifying typical neurodevelopmental trajectories. While resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has become a key tool in developmental neuroscience, few studies have jointly examined multiple functional metrics to comprehensively characterize typical brain maturation across youth. We analyzed rs-fMRI data from 395 neurotypical participants aged 6-20 years from the ABIDE I and II datasets.

Mental Health Among Spanish Doctoral Students: Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, Life Satisfaction, and Mentoring.

Background: Mental health issues among PhD students are rising, a trend believed to be driven by academic and social challenges.

Method: A total of 1265 doctorate students from a large university in Barcelona, Spain (739 women; 414 men; 112 marked other options), with a mean age of 32.36 years (SD = 8.

ProtRNA: A protein-derived RNA language model by cross-modality transfer learning.

Protein language models (PLMs), such as the highly successful ESM-2, have proven particularly effective. However, language models designed for RNA continue to face challenges. A key question is as follows: can the information derived from PLMs be harnessed and transferred to RNA? To investigate this, a model termed ProtRNA has been developed by a cross-modality transfer learning strategy for addressing the challenges posed by RNA's limited and less conserved sequences.

Advancements in Pharmacotherapy for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), affecting 20-40% of individuals with diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and represents a considerable global public health challenge owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Although traditional DKD management has focused on renin-angiotensin system blockade, the residual risk of renal failure persists despite optimised therapy. New therapeutic drugs, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have triggered a paradigm shift in DKD treatment.

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Models of Encapsulated Microbubbles and Nanoscale Gas Vesicles for Biomedical Ultrasound Simulations.

Ultrasound-guided drug and gene delivery (usdg) enables controlled and spatially precise delivery of drugs and macromolecules, encapsulated in microbubbles (embs) and nanoscale gas vesicles (gvs), to target areas such as cancer tumors. It is a noninvasive, high precision, low toxicity process with drastically reduced drug dosage. Rheological and acoustic properties of gvs and embs critically affect the outcome of usdg and imaging.

Quest for new materials: Network theory and machine learning perspectives.

Understanding and predicting the emergence of novel materials is a fundamental challenge in condensed matter physics, materials science, and technology. With the rapid growth of materials databases in both size and reliability, the challenge shifts from data collection to efficient exploration of this vast and complex space. A key strategy lies in the smart use of descriptors at multiple scales, ranging from atomic arrangements to macroscopic properties, to represent materials in high-dimensional abstract spaces.

Hysteresis induced by incomplete relaxation under finite-rate disturbance.

Hysteresis, a widespread occurrence in both natural and artificial systems, is typically discussed under the quasistatic limit. However, studying the hysteresis behavior of complex systems in real world is highly challenging due to the involvement of nonequilibrium processes. In this work, we report that a stochastic model based on competing firms in a market, which exhibits a first-order phase transition, may also show hysteresis effects when subjected to a disturbance applied at a finite rate.

Computational nanobody design through deep generative modeling and epitope landscape profiling.

Nanobodies, one-tenth the size of conventional antibodies, have gained attention as therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and viral infections. However, traditional methods for nanobody discovery are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we present a computational design framework that integrates deep generative modeling with epitope profiling.

Unraveling the Relevance of Graphene-Fluid Hydrodynamic Coupling on the Exfoliation of Graphite in Water.

Liquid-phase exfoliation via shear flow is a widely adopted technique for the large-scale production of graphene. However, the underlying nano- and microscale exfoliation mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we address this issue by performing hybrid nonequilibrium hydrodynamic simulations of coarse-grained defect-free graphite nanoplatelets immersed in a mesoscopic water fluid via the lattice Boltzmann method.

Comparing the effectiveness of ring and block-vaccination strategies on networks.

Vaccination is vital for preventing disease spread, as demonstrated by its role played in recent outbreaks such as measles, COVID-19, and the 2014 West Africa Ebola crisis. Classical ring vaccination-targeting individuals near infected cases to form protective clusters-has become of interest due to its effectiveness, yet it is strongly influenced by the quality of contact tracing and availability of medical resources. Here, we model the efficiency of a family of ring vaccination-inspired strategies that address these limiting factors and disentangle them from the structure of the contact patterns.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing as a potential approach for studying intratumor heterogeneity in pleural mesothelioma.

Unlabelled: Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and lethal cancer with limited treatment options. Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) has been postulated as one of the reasons for the poor treatment response observed in most PM patients. In this regard, we aimed to characterize ITH in a multi-site tumor specimen using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Evaporation from spherical chitosan polymer gels.

Water retention is an important feature in the design and use of biocompatible polymers, such as chitosan, which is often used as a hydrogel for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. We study water evaporation from chitosan-based hydrogels both for gels in close proximity and for essentially isolated gels. We find that water evaporation from single gels is diffusive, as for pure water drops, but that it happens more slowly.

Pathway polygenic risk scores (pPRS) for the analysis of gene-environment interaction.

A polygenic risk score (PRS) is used to quantify the combined disease risk of many genetic variants. For complex human traits there is interest in determining whether the PRS modifies, i.e.

On the influence of bending energy on the assembly of spherical viral capsids.

The protective shell, or capsid, of many spherical viruses is formed via a self-assembly process whose underlying physical principles have not yet been fully elucidated. In this article, we analyze the role of elastic bending energy in the in vitro self-assembly of a spherical capsid in the limit where such energetic contribution dominates over compression stress. The model predicts that the capsid closes prematurely, and its final size is completely determined by a dimensionless constant fr, which is the ratio of the bending modulus to the line tension of the edge.

Protocol to generate PDMS topographical patterns for hiPSC-derived or rat primary neuronal cultures.

Soft lithography is a promising technique to fabricate tailored substrates on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casts. Here, we present a protocol to generate PDMS topographical patterns for neuronal networks in vitro. The protocol outlines the development of a two-level resin master mold with soft lithography and the creation of a topographical PDMS cast from the mold.

Exploring the effects of macromolecular crowding on the conformation and NuMA binding of 4.1G-CTD.

The C-terminal domain of protein 4.1G is an intrinsically disordered region that forms a fuzzy complex with the disordered C-terminus of the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein, playing a crucial role in regulating spindle orientation during cell division. However, how these interactions adapt to the physiologically crowded environments of the cell remains unclear.

Complex interrelationships among respiratory diseases and chronic multimorbidity: a longitudinal network analysis and implications for future viral respiratory pandemic preparedness.

Introduction: Respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure contribute significantly to the global health burden, particularly when co-occurring with chronic systemic conditions. Understanding these interrelationships is essential for designing resilient and integrated healthcare systems, especially in the context of pandemic stress.

Methods: We analyzed over 82 million de-identified healthcare claims from the Comprehensive Health Care Information System (CHIS), spanning 2020 to 2024.

Assembly of tubes in the stretching-dominated limit.

Many biological and nanotechnological processes rely on the self-assembly of tubular structures. For this reason, theoretical models that offer insights into this process and ways to control its final outcome are essential. In this work, we study the conditions under which tubules are self-assembled spontaneously from free subunits in solution and explore the possible formation pathways using classical nucleation theory and an elastic model in the stretching-dominated regime.

Comparative Analysis of Somatic and Germline Polymerase Proofreading Deficiencies in Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Implications.

Polymerases ε and δ maintain genome integrity through exonuclease proofreading. Germline and somatic pathogenic variants (PVs) in the exonuclease domain (ED) of POLE and POLD1 impair proofreading, causing hypermutated tumors. Despite shared mutational features that make these tumors highly immunogenic, molecular and clinical distinctions between POLE and POLD1 mutations and between somatic and germline variants remain incompletely understood.

The clinical relevance of healthy neurodevelopmental connectivity in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI.

Background: In recent years, interest has grown in brain connectivity during infancy and adolescence, particularly in understanding neurodevelopment. Research is focusing on how brain network complexity evolves, providing insight into developmental neural connectivity. While some studies highlight key periods of brain maturation, findings remain inconsistent, leaving the neural correlates of typical development uncertain.

Modular architecture confers robustness to damage and facilitates recovery in spiking neural networks modeling neurons.

Impaired brain function is restored following injury through dynamic processes that involve synaptic plasticity. This restoration is supported by the brain's inherent modular organization, which promotes functional separation and redundancy. However, it remains unclear how modular structure interacts with synaptic plasticity to define damage response and recovery efficiency.

A universal route from avalanches in mean-field models with random fields to stochastic Poisson branching events.

Avalanches in mean-field models can be mapped to memoryless branching processes defining a universality class. We present a reduced expression mapping a broad family of critical and subcritical avalanches in mean-field models at the thermodynamic limit to rooted trees in a memoryless Poisson branching processes with random occurrence times. We derive the exact mapping for the athermal random field Ising model and the democratic fiber bundle model, where avalanche statistics progress toward criticality, and as an approximation for the self-organized criticality in slip mean-field theory.

Nonlinear Spontaneous Flow Instability in Active Nematics.

Active nematics exhibit spontaneous flows through a well-known linear instability of the uniformly aligned quiescent state. Here, we show that even a linearly stable uniform state can experience a nonlinear instability, resulting in a discontinuous transition to spontaneous flows. In this case, quiescent and flowing states may coexist.

OPUS-BFactor: Predicting Protein B-Factor with Sequence and Structure Information.

Protein B-factor, also known as the Debye-Waller temperature factor or atomic displacement parameter, measures the thermal fluctuation of an atom around its average position. It serves as a crucial indicator of protein flexibility and dynamics. However, accurately predicting the B-factor of Cα atoms remains challenging.