Whole genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of three multidrug resistant clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from India.

Aim: To investigate the phenotypic and genomic features of three multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical mucoid and non-mucoid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains to understand their antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence in urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods And Results: The UPEC strains A5, A10, and A15 were isolated from two UTI patients. Phenotypic assays included colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, motility, and biofilm formation.

Chikungunya infection complicated by encephalitis and rhabdomyolysis.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) typically causes febrile illness and arthralgia. However, severe complications such as encephalitis, rhabdomyolysis, and multiorgan dysfunction are increasingly recognised, particularly during epidemics in endemic regions. We report a case of a 61-year old male presenting with progressive flaccid paraparesis and respiratory failure following febrile illness.

Re-do VATS for recurrent pneumothorax in a Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome patient.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder caused by mutation in a tumour suppressor gene, FLCN, leading to skin tumours (fibrofolliculomas), renal tumours and pulmonary cysts. Lung involvement is predominantly observed in 70% of the cases of BHDS, manifesting in the form of recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax. This video tutorial showcases the surgical management of recurrent right primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a young adult with a history of multiple episodes of bilateral pneumothorax managed by surgical intervention previously.

A new frontier in oncology: Understanding the landscape of cancer vaccines.

Cancer vaccines represent a transformative shift in oncology, aiming to prevent malignancies or treat established cancers by training the immune system to recognize tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens. This review explores the diverse platforms and mechanisms supporting cancer vaccines, ranging from prophylactic vaccines such as HPV and hepatitis B vaccines that have significantly reduced virus-related cancers to therapeutic vaccines like Sipuleucel-T and T-VEC that extend survival in prostate cancer and melanoma. Vaccine types are classified, and delivery platforms including mRNA, peptide, dendritic cell and viral vector-based approaches are examined alongside pivotal clinical trial outcomes.

Brewing Inequality: A Sociological Investigation of the Health Challenges of Women tea Workers in Assam.

Despite being one of the largest organized industries in India, the tea plantation sector faces a significant crisis, especially in Assam. The workers, especially women, are some of the most underpaid, exacerbating their marginalization. Through an extensive review of existing literature, this study aims to explore the social disparities experienced by female tea workers, contributing to their health disparities.

Sodium Orthovanadate (SOV) mitigates alcohol & alcohol plus high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its growing prevalence, no FDA-approved pharmacological treatments exist, leaving lifestyle modifications as the primary intervention. AFLD pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches.

Isolation and characterization of β-sitosterol from Terminalia arjuna fruit and its growth-promoting effect on beneficial fungi.

Terminalia arjuna, an important medicinal plant in traditional Indian systems, has been extensively studied for its cardioprotective bark. However, limited attention has been given to its fruit, which contains several biologically active phytochemicals with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to isolate and partially purify phytoactive compounds from the fruit of T.

A study of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: Information on tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPTH) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on haemodialysis in developing countries such as India is limited, and the mortality among them remains a query.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in at a tertiary care centre from June 2017 to June 2022. The index of suspicion for tertiary hyperparathyroidism was when investigations revealed high serum calcium and high alkaline phosphatase along with new onset of body aches, joint pains, and difficulty in walking.

Factors Influencing Cyclosporine Trough and Two-Hour Post-dose Concentrations in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

Objective: To determine the cyclosporine trough (C) and two-hour post-dose concentrations (C) in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and study the factors influencing them.

Methods: In this ambispective cohort study, children with NS (including frequently relapsing, steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome) on cyclosporine therapy were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded.

Screening for Hemoglobinopathies: An Inceptive Experience of Centre of Excellence for Sickle Cell Disease.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of various hemoglobinopathies among newborns, women in antenatal clinic and children presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted at a Centre of Excellence for SCD (COESCD). Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected for newborn screening using heel-prick and venous samples were used in the post-neonatal age group.

Genomic insights, determination of quorum quenching potential of a beta-lactamase enzyme from Chromohalobacter sp. strain D23 against Aeromonas hydrophila and molecular docking study.

Biofilm formation and other virulence phenotypes under quorum sensing regulation play a vital role in the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila, triggering the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) which increases fish mortality, environmental issues, and economic loss in aquaculture, necessitating the discovery of novel drugs to bypass standard antibiotics. Here, quorum quenching (QQ) may be a sustainable anti-virulent approach. β-Lactamase enzyme obtained from Chromohalobacter sp.

Switching Patients with Schizophrenia from Intramuscular Paliperidone Palmitate Once Monthly to TV-46000, a Long-Acting Subcutaneous Antipsychotic: Population Pharmacokinetic-Based Strategies.

Introduction: Pharmacokinetic differences between long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) formulations, combined with a lack of clinical switch studies, contribute to clinician uncertainty when transitioning between LAIs. This analysis employed a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modeling approach to characterize dosing conversions and switching strategies from intramuscular paliperidone palmitate once monthly (PP1m) to TV-46000, a long-acting subcutaneous formulation of risperidone, once monthly (q1m), with a secondary analysis of PP1m to TV-46000 every 2 months (q2m).

Methods: For PP1m and TV-46000, concentration-time profiles for paliperidone and TV-46000 total active moiety (TAM; risperidone + paliperidone) were simulated on the basis of published popPK models with virtual populations of 5000 patients.

Demethoxycurcumin induces apoptosis and reduces cell migration by affecting AKT/mTOR-dependent autophagy in human glioma U87MG and T98G cell lines.

Background: Standard treatment for glioblastoma includes chemotherapy, alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ); however, MGMT resistance leads to recurrence. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and prevent metastasis in different cancer models. We investigated the DMC-induced apoptosis and autophagy via inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway in human glioma U87MG and T98G cell lines.

Transformative Therapies for Wound Care: Insights into Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that consists of four interconnected phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This complex process is based on the coordinated actions of growth factors, cytokines, and other cellular interactions. However, conditions such as diabetes and chronic illnesses can disrupt this process and lead to nonhealing wounds or chronic ulcers.

Effectiveness and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/ml in High-Risk Subgroups (Renal Impairment and Older Age ≥ 70 years) of Insulin-Naïve People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post hoc Analysis of Real-World ATOS Study.

Introduction: This post hoc analysis of an A Toujeo Observational Study (ATOS) aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) in high-risk subgroups of insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) from multiple geographical regions (Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe).

Methods: In these post hoc analyses of ATOS, a real-world, 12-month, prospective study included 4422 insulin-naïve adults (age ≥ 18 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled (HbA > 7% and ≤ 11%) on one or more oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) who initiated Gla-300 treatment as per routine practice. Primary and secondary endpoints were studied according to renal impairment (RI) status (without or with) and age group ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rational Design and Applications of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles.

Controlling the size of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been critical in diagnostics, biomolecular sensing, targeted therapy, wastewater treatment, catalysis, and sensing applications. Ultrasmall AuNPs (uAuNPs), with sizes Ranging from 2 to 5 nm, and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), with sizes less than 2 nm, are often dealt with interchangeably in the literature, making it challenging to review them separately. Although they are grouped in our discussion, their chemical and physical properties differ significantly, partly due to their electronic properties.

Assessment of flood hazards using morphometric compound factor and hypsometric integral in lower Gandak basin, India.

Catastrophic climate events such as floods significantly impact infrastructure, agriculture, and the economy. The lower Gandak River basin in India is particularly flood-prone, with Bihar experiencing annual losses of life and property due to massive flooding. Identifying flood-prone zones in this region is essential.

Evaluation of the impact of sugarcane trash in situ incorporation on soil health in North Haryana.

India produces an estimated 6.38 million tons of surplus sugarcane trash annually. When burned in fields, this trash emits approximately 12,948 kg CO equivalent greenhouse gases per hectare and causes nutrient losses (41 kg ha nitrogen, 5.

Integrated machine learning, molecular dynamics, and DFT-based approach to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Ciprofloxacin analogues against fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of Typhoid fever, remains a critical public health concern associated with high morbidity in many developing countries. The widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi strains against the fluoroquinolone group of antibiotics, particularly ciprofloxacin, poses a significant global therapeutic challenge with underlying resistance due to mutations in quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA gene, encoding DNA gyrase subunit A (GyrA). In pursuit of alternative therapeutic candidates, the present study was designed to evaluate ciprofloxacin analogues against prevalent GyrA mutations (S83F, D87G, and D87N) to overcome fluoroquinolone resistance through machine learning (ML)-based approach.

Development of Zebrafish model for Iron Induced Neuroinflammation.

Zebrafish models have been used to research Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders because of their similarities to the human genetic composition and behavior. Researchers have detected iron accumulation in the post-mortem brain sections of neurodegenerative disorder patients. Therefore, the development an animal model to simulate these clinical pathological findings is important.

A Rapid Electrochemical Immunosensor Platform for the Sepsis-Associated Host and Pathogen Marker Dual Detection.

The study addresses the critical issue of sepsis diagnosis, a life-threatening condition triggered by the body's immune response to infection that leads to mortality. Current diagnostic methods rely on the time-consuming assessment of multiple biomarkers by a series of tests, leading to delayed treatment. Here, we report a platform for developing a point-of-care (POC) device utilizing electrochemical immunosensors for the dual and rapid detection of sepsis biomarkers: Procalcitonin (PCT), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as host markers and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a pathogen marker.