Flow Diversion Beyond the Brain: Endovascular Management of Wide-Neck Renal Artery Aneurysms Using Flow-Diverting Stents.

The therapeutic management of wide-neck renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) is challenging due to their frequent involvement of bifurcation points and variable shapes, such as lobulated sacs or wide necks that complicate treatment planning. Flow-diverting stents have emerged as an endovascular option for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. However, their application in RAAs remains underreported.

Endovascular Management of a Giant Renal Artery Aneurysm With Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report.

Renal arteriovenous malformations (rAVMs) are rare vascular abnormalities where there is a direct connection between the renal artery and vein, which circumvents the normal capillary network. The endovascular approach is preferred due to its minimally invasive nature, shorter hospital stay, and lower risk of complications in comparison to open surgery. Open surgery is therefore indicated in emergent situations such as arteriovenous malformation (AVM) rupture, hemodynamic instability, failure of endovascular therapy, or complex vascular anatomy that makes the endovascular approach unfeasible.

Peripheral monocyte transcriptional signatures of inflammation and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra, which is accompanied by immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Peripheral monocytes, key players in systemic inflammation, cross the blood-brain barrier and alter PD etiology and progression. To define the role of peripheral monocytes, cross-sectional studies of RNA transcripts isolated from PD monocytes were compared with age- and sex-matched control monocytes.

Neuroimaging Training Programs, Certification Pathways, and Credentialing Issues.

Neurologists have a unique ability to interpret neuroimaging in conjunction with clinical context and disease pathology, making their role vital in accurate interpretation. Neuroimaging education is essential for enhancing these skills, typically provided through neurology residency programs and specialized neuroimaging fellowships. Neuroimaging training experience in neurology residency programs can be quite variable.

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome as a Migraine Variant in Adults: A Case Report.

Background: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a complex medical disorder characterized by debilitating attacks of nausea and vomiting lasting hours to days. CVS often acts as a migraine precursor or variant in the pediatric population, but its relationship with migraine in adults is not well established.

Case Report: Here, we report a case of adult-onset CVS with recurrent attacks of nausea, vomiting, and malaise for several years causing significant morbidity and work loss.

Perfluoroalkyl substance pollutants disrupt microglia function and trigger transcriptional and epigenomic changes.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals", are widely utilized in various industries and consumer products worldwide. Their exposure has been associated with numerous diseases and malignancies, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PFAS-induced adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS) remain poorly understood.

Return to work after lumbar endoscopic spinal surgery in the United States.

Background Context: Return to work (RTW) after spinal surgery is a crucial postoperative outcome influencing patients' lives. Endoscopic spinal surgery (ESS) is an ultra-minimally invasive technique for the treatment of spinal pathology, and some ESS procedures have been shown to improve RTW dynamics following spinal surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate RTW within ninety days following various lumbar ESS procedures in the United States (US) and compare differences in RTW between patient occupational activity levels and ESS procedural types.

Combined 6th and 12th Cranial Nerve Palsies (Godtfredsen Syndrome) due to Clival Lesions.

Background: Godtfredsen syndrome (GS), originally described by Dr. Erik Godtfredsen in 1946, is the combination of cranial nerve (CN) 6th and 12th palsies. The most common etiology of GS is a lesion of the clivus.

Surgical treatment of dorsal atlantoaxial pseudoarticulation with full endoscopic approach: illustrative case.

Background: Atlantoaxial pseudoarticulation is a rare condition characterized by atypical joint formation at C1-2, potentially causing severe neck pain and progressive cervical myelopathy due to spinal cord compression. Traditional treatments often involve decompression with or without fusion and can lead to significant tissue disruption and extended recovery time. Here, the authors describe a novel, minimally invasive full endoscopic technique for resecting atlantoaxial pseudoarticulation, achieving successful spinal decompression.

A validation study of the Clinician's Tardive Inventory (CTI).

Unlabelled: Current clinician-rated tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptom scales do not address expanding clinical signs and functional impacts. The Clinician's Tardive Inventory (CTI) is a newly developed instrument documenting designed by movement disorder specialists and psychiatrists. It is comprised of 6 anatomic domains generating a combined movement amplitude/frequency severity score (CSS), and a functional sore.

Biochemical profiling and structural basis of ADAR1-mediated RNA editing.

ADAR1 regulates RNA-induced immune responses by converting adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA. Mutations in ADAR1 are associated with human autoimmune disease, and targeting ADAR1 has been proposed for cancer immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ADAR1-mediated editing remain unclear.

Comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light across FTD spectrum disorders.

Background: Therapeutic development for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is hindered by the lack of biomarkers that inform susceptibility/risk, prognosis, and the underlying causative pathology. Blood glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has garnered attention as a FTD biomarker. However, investigations of GFAP in FTD have been hampered by symptomatic and histopathologic heterogeneity and small cohort sizes contributing to inconsistent findings.

CNM-Au8 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The HEALEY ALS Platform Trial.

Importance: Bioenergetic failure has been proposed as a driver of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). CNM-Au8 is a suspension of gold nanocrystals that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride into NAD+, resulting in an increase of cellular adenosine triphosphate production.

Objective: To determine the effects of CNM-Au8 on ALS disease progression.

Pridopidine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The HEALEY ALS Platform Trial.

Importance: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease. The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor emerged as a target for intervention.

Objective: To determine the effects of pridopidine, a σ1-receptor agonist, in ALS.

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion: patient selection and workup.

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an anterior surgical approach for interbody fusion in the lumbar spine which affords the surgeon unfettered access to the disc space and allows for release of the anterior longitudinal ligament and insertion of a large, lordotic interbody graft. Despite the benefits associated with ALIF when compared with other lumbar interbody fusion techniques, the ALIF approach is associated with a number of unique complications, and certain patient-specific criteria (e.g.

Non-instrumented management of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation: surgical technique.

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) in the adult population is primarily trauma-induced. Conservative and surgical treatments have both been used successfully in treating AARS. In cases where AARS cannot be reduced by conservative measures, open reduction and fusion is the conventional treatment approach.

Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningiomas: A Review of Anatomical Challenges and an Update on the Evidence.

Radiation has been used to treat meningiomas since the mid-1970s. Traditionally, radiation was reserved for patients unfit for major surgery or those with surgically inaccessible tumors. With an increased quantity and quality of imaging, and an aging population, there has been a rise in incidentally diagnosed meningiomas with smaller tumors at diagnosis time.

Safety and tolerability of tegoprubart in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A Phase 2A clinical trial.

Background: The interaction of CD40L and its receptor CD40 on activated T cells and B cells respectively control pro-inflammatory activation in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Previous studies have implicated signaling pathways involving CD40L (interchangeably referred to as CD154), as well as adaptive and innate immune cell activation, in the induction of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and impact on pro-inflammatory biomarker profiles of an anti CD40L antibody, tegoprubart, in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Targeting the Leloir Pathway with Galactose-Based Antimetabolites in Glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) uses Glut3 and/or Glut14 and the Leloir pathway to catabolize D-Galactose (Gal). UDP-4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose (UDP-4DFG) is a potent inhibitor of the two key enzymes, UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) and UDP-Glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH), involved in Gal metabolism and in glycan synthesis. The Gal antimetabolite 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose (4DFG) is a good substrate for Glut3/Glut14 and acts as a potent glioma chemotherapeutic.