Attitudes and perceptions of biomedical journal editors in chief towards the use of artificial intelligence chatbots in the scholarly publishing process: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Artificial intelligence chatbots (AICs) are designed to mimic human conversations through text or speech, offering both opportunities and challenges in scholarly publishing. While journal policies of AICs are becoming more defined, there is still a limited understanding of how Editors in chief (EiCs) of biomedical journals' view these tools. This survey examined EiCs' attitudes and perceptions, highlighting positive aspects, such as language and grammar support, and concerns regarding setup time, training requirements, and ethical considerations towards the use of AICs in the scholarly publishing process.

Coordination and collaboration for strengthening respiratory surveillance at the national level: updates from workshop hosted by the WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence, 24-25 July 2024.

Recent public health emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, MERS, and Avian Influenza outbreaks, underscore the need for effective surveillance systems for respiratory pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential. In 2022, WHO initiated a project to help national public health professionals identify and address gaps in coordinating multiple surveillance systems for early detection and monitoring of viral respiratory events. The project involved developing country-specific approaches to address these gaps and identifying generalizable best practices.

Engrams Formed in Virtual Reality Exhibit Reduced Familiarity Upon Retrieval: Electrophysiological Correlates of Source Memory Retrieval Indicate Modality-Dependent Differences in Recognition Memory.

Initial findings linking Virtual Reality (VR)-based encoding to increased recollection at retrieval remain inconclusive due to heterogeneous study designs and dependence on behavioral data. To clarify under which circumstances VR-based encoding affects or enhances episodic memory retrieval, the fundamental question remains whether the encoding modality, i.e.

Inflammatory bowel disease vs. adverse in-hospital outcomes after radical prostatectomy.

Introduction: The effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on adverse in-hospital outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is not well known.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive analyses, propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models were used within the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2019) RP patients, after stratification according to Crohn's disease (CD) vs. ulcerative colitis (UC) vs.

ASAS recommendations on reporting axial spondyloarthritis clinical trials.

Objectives: This study aims to develop recommendations on reporting baseline features and outcomes from axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) clinical trials based on the recently updated instrument set of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) core outcome set (COS).

Methods: A steering group (SG) convened a workgroup (WG), consisting of 13 ASAS members including rheumatologists, methodologists, epidemiologists, and 2 Young ASAS members. Recommendations on reporting axSpA trials baseline features and outcomes were developed in 3 steps: (1) the SG identified relevant baseline features from key axSpA clinical trials and formulated a proposal on how outcomes related to the instruments in the ASAS COS should be presented.

Prospective Evaluation of Thrombotic Complications After Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation for External Bypass.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and subsequent complications of internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis after cannulation performed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to ensure adequate venous drainage during minimally invasive cardiac surgery.

Design: Single-center observational trial SETTINGS: Intensive care postoperative monitoring of cardiac surgery patients and diagnosis of IJV thrombi at a university tertiary hospital during the 13-month study period from December 1, 2022, to January 11, 2024.

Participants: 44 patients undergoing catheterization of the IJV for total CPB.

Development and efficacy of dsRNA pesticides targeting the Colorado potato beetle with enhanced stability via chitosan formulations.

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major pest of solanaceous crops and has developed resistance to many conventional insecticides, highlighting the need for novel, environmentally sustainable control strategies. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting the proteasome subunit β5 (PSMB5) gene as a biopesticide approach against CPB larvae. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting PSMB5 (a highly specific dsRNA) and Actin (a less specific dsRNA) dsRNA was synthesized and applied via leaf dip assays, either in naked form or formulated with chitosan nanoparticles.

Monitoring the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Thailand.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a major crop pest that invaded Thailand in 2018 which cause significant damage, particularly to maize. In recent years, a loss of efficacy of certain insecticides has been observed, suggesting the emergence of resistance. The aim of our study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance in S.

Elaboration of trapping conditions on zirconia for the online SPE-LC-MS/MS analysis of glyphosate and other polar organophosphonate and -phosphinate pesticide residues in plant-based food extracts.

Background: Previous studies involving cleanup via conventional solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials to overcome matrix effects for the polar organophosphonate and -phosphinate pesticides glyphosate, glufosinate, ethephon, fosetyl, and their various metabolites often showed limitations due to the existence of various matrix compounds in plant commodities with similar polarity. To overcome existing drawbacks, we utilized the unique selectivity provided by metal oxides as SPE materials. These were exploited in a novel automated online SPE-LC-MS/MS method which allowed analyte-specific trapping in the presence of excessive amounts of matrix compounds as typically contained in extracts of the Quick Polar Pesticides (QuPPe) method.

Adoptive cellular therapies in multiple myeloma.

Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma) is a blood cancer characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Treatment strategies evolve year by year, new drugs getting Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved each year. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies are an advanced form of immunotherapy that engineer T cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Adoptive cellular therapies in non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Lymphomas are a group of malignant proliferations of B, T or NK-lymphoid cells at different stages of maturation. While they primarily occur in lymph nodes or lymphatic tissues, they can also involve bone marrow, blood, or other organs. Despite advances in treatment, many patients experience relapse, or develop refractory disease, prompting the development of new therapies.

In silico search reveals the association of lichens with black yeast-like fungi in the order Chaetothyriales.

Lichens exemplify a unique symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, where fungi (mycobionts) provide structural support, while algae or cyanobacteria (photobionts) provide nutrients. Recent discoveries in the order Chaetothyriales have led to the description of several lichenicolous species, underscoring an intricate relationship of some black yeast-like fungi with lichens. The present study aims to investigate public metagenomic data of lichens available in the SRA database, covering a total of 2888 samples.

Identification of a novel pathogen of the glacial relict Drosera rotundifolia and the impact of the fungus on the conservation of the plant and its habitat.

Round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) is a protected glacial relict plant inhabiting Sphagnum bogs, which are endangered habitats in Hungary. In 2020 and 2021 greyish mycelium growth was observed on the hibernacula of D.

Definitions used in quality management of blood establishments: A report of the ISBT Quality Management Working Party.

Background And Objectives: The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Quality Management Working Party (QM-WP) initiated a project to harmonize the definitions commonly used in quality management within blood establishments (BEs) around the world. A working group was established with the aim of providing simple, unambiguous definitions that can be applied in a standardized way.

Materials And Methods: Common references available internationally were consulted in drafting a list of definitions relating to quality management.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Evaluating Renal Functional Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Pilot Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health problem, resulting in gradual loss of renal function and irreversible renal injury. The noninvasive detection, monitoring, and timely intervention of CKD might benefit the patients' prognosis. This study aims to assess renal functional injury in CKD patients by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF): Is Trans-Psoas Surgery Associated with Muscle Size Changes and Clinical Findings?

Introduction: Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) is based on a less-invasive access corridor through the retroperitoneum and psoas muscle, though concerns persist over postoperative weakness and neuropathy on the surgical side. This study investigates if the trans-psoas LLIF approach is associated with long-term changes in psoas morphology, hip flexor (HF) weakness, and lower extremity dysesthesia.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed all LLIF cases at a single institution from January 2016 to June 2024.

Evaluation of a nucleic acid preservation protocol for microbiome studies involving samples from the oral cavity.

Purpose: The accuracy of oral microbiome research depends significantly on specimen sampling protocols, as well as their storage and preservation. Traditional methods, such as freezing, may not only involve logistical hurdles but can also impact the quality of microbial data, leading to difficulties in the comparability between different studies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the room temperature nucleic acid preservation protocol using DNA/RNA Shield buffer as compared to standard freezing in preserving oral microbial communities over the course of 7 days.

Regulation of food intake by Connexin43 via adipocyte-sensory neuron electrical synapses.

Background And Objective: Connexin43 (Cx43), encoded by Gja1, forms gap junctions between adjacent cells. In adipose tissue, it is upregulated during adipose beiging while downregulated by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Adipocyte-specific Gja1 overexpression enhances adipose tissue beiging in response to mild cold stress of room temperature.

A population-based screening program provides insights into the characteristics and behaviors of individuals who self-refer for gambling disorder.

Introduction: Since only around 10% of people with gambling disorder (GD) seek professional treatment or attend self-help groups, multiple strategies are needed to improve this rate. The proposal of the Behavioral Addictions Centre 'Adcom' (Madrid, Spain) is one of these strategies, a pioneering and innovative program aimed at the general population to identify people with addictions such as GD, in an attempt tp offer them appropriate evidence-based treatments.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed information obtained from the first 305 adults who voluntarily sought attention at Adcom for self-referred gambling, and conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study of this population.

ESCMID workshop: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medical Microbiology Diagnostics.

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer significant potential to transform medical microbiology diagnostics, improving pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility prediction and outbreak detection. To address these opportunities and challenges, the ESCMID workshop, "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medical Microbiology Diagnostics", was held in Zurich, Switzerland, from June 2-5, 2025. The course featured expert lectures, practical sessions and panel discussions covering foundational ML concepts and deep learning architectures, data interoperability, quality control processes, model development and validation strategies.

Indomethacin forms elusive nanoparticles with calcium in situ causing enhanced permeation across a biomimetic barrier.

Indomethacin is a poorly soluble weak acid and a widely used model drug in enabling formulations. When using microdialysis for sampling of indomethacin from a buffer containing calcium, we observed the formation of nanoparticles of a poorly water-soluble indomethacin calcium salt. The nanoparticles were not detected during solubility experiments where filtration had been used to separate the solid phase because the nanoparticles were unusually small in size, less than 2 nm in diameter as determined by DLS.

Vernalization reveals distinct roles of FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs in floral transition of perennial Taraxacum koksaghyz.

Flowering is a key trait in most crops and may depend on cold exposure, a process known as vernalization, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Taraxacum koksaghyz is a rubber-producing dandelion of the family Asteraceae, which also includes other economically important crops such as chicory and lettuce. Most T.