Serum Proteomic Profile Based on the TGF-β Pathway Stratifies Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis. In this multicenter study, our goal is to identify functional biomarkers that stratify the risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis (CP) for early diagnosis.

Methods: Five thousand and eight serum proteins (Somascan) were analysed in Cohort A (477 CP, including 125 HCC).

Increasing Physical Activity in Children During Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study of Parents' Perspectives.

This qualitative study explored barriers, facilitators, and preferences for promoting physical activity (PA) in children undergoing cancer therapy by interviewing 36 parents of children aged 4-15 years, on-therapy or less than 1 year post-therapy at three hospitals. Key barriers included safety concerns, risk of infection, and treatment side effects. Facilitators included social support and oncologist recommendations for PA.

Patient-clinician discussions on lung cancer screening in the United States before and after 2021 guidelines.

Background: Screening for lung cancer via low-dose computed tomography of the chest can promote early detection and reduce mortality. However, since the United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) issued lung cancer screening guidelines in 2013, uptake has been low. The USPSTF revised the guidelines in 2021 to expand eligibility.

Navigating shared decision-making in lung cancer screening: Insights into barriers, training, and referral propensity among clinicians.

Objectives: Shared decision-making (SDM) is critical in lung cancer screening (LCS), enabling clinicians to guide patients through complex benefit-risk discussions. Despite its endorsement by professional organizations and its Medicare reimbursement requirement, SDM implementation in clinical practice remains inconsistent. This cross-sectional study evaluated factors influencing clinician knowledge, attitudes, and referral behaviors regarding LCS within a decentralized screening program.

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Changing the lung cancer story: Addressing survivorship, stigma, and nihilism to facilitate transformation.

Innovations across the lung cancer continuum, from risk reduction through end-of-life care, have transformed the lung cancer landscape, and are dramatically altering the trajectory of lung cancer outcomes. Although the lung cancer community has been infused with optimism and hope regarding these positive developments, persistent societal perspectives regarding lung cancer and the complex relationship with smoking have been substantially slower to change. These barriers constrain the implementation of innovative and effective care, and hinder progress toward reducing lung cancer incidence and mortality.

AND-1 is a critical regulator of R-loop dynamics and a target to overcome endocrine resistance.

R-loops are three-stranded DNA/RNA hybrids that are essential for various cellular pathways. However, when dysregulated, they lead to genomic instability and numerous human diseases. R-loops are tightly regulated, with RNase H1 acting as a key enzyme responsible for resolving DNA/RNA hybrids.

Parallel Phase II Clinical Trials of Selinexor in Patients With Advanced Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma.

Introduction: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare and include thymomas (T) and thymic carcinomas (TC). Effective treatment options are needed for patients with progressive disease after platinum-based chemotherapy. Preclinical studies demonstrated antitumor activity of selinexor, an inhibitor of the nuclear receptor exportin-1 (XPO1/CRM1), supporting the clinical development of XPO1-targeted therapy for the treatment of TETs.

Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring as a Biological Feedback Strategy to Motivate Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

IntroductionIdentifying novel strategies to motivate regular physical activity in cancer survivors continues to be a critical mission, as the majority of cancer survivors are not sufficiently active to achieve the many health benefits of being regularly physically active. Providing biological feedback is one of the behavioral change techniques that shows promising effects in physical activity interventions. This study used a mixed-methods approach to test the acceptability and changes in physical activity motivation of a pilot intervention that provided personalized feedback via text messaging based on data from an activity tracker (Fitbit) and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) over a 4-week period.

A ROS-mediated oxidation-O-GlcNAcylation cascade governs ferroptosis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in lipid peroxidation and the initiation of ferroptosis, markedly affecting chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, the mechanisms by which ROS function and are sensed remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a key enzyme in protein O-GlcNAcylation, as a sensor for ROS during ferroptosis.

Long-Term Performance of Prognostic Models for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Improved Survival With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Purpose: In the era of prolonged survival for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) with standard-of-care first-line therapy now including immune checkpoint inhibitor, re-evaluation of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic models is overdue.

Methods: Data from 1,052 patients with aRCC treated on the CheckMate-214 phase III randomized trial with first-line nivolumab + ipilimumab or sunitinib were analyzed after minimum 5 years of follow-up. The end point was overall survival (OS).

Utilizing Immuno-Oncology registry data for enhanced non-small cell lung cancer treatment predictions.

Objectives: We aim to leverage more comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic clinical data to enhance the treatment response predictions.

Materials And Methods: The study cohort includes 213 NSCLC patients who underwent ICI therapy. Patients were categorized based on treatment outcomes: those with complete or partial responses were considered responders, while those exhibiting stable or progressive disease were deemed non-responders.

Reducing Lung Cancer Mortality by Providing Smoking Cessation Support in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting: Missed Opportunities and Lessons Learned on Both Sides of the Atlantic.

National guidelines for the implementation of lung cancer screening (LCS) for high-risk older adults have been issued by several countries, largely in Europe, North America, and Australia. Typically, these guidelines recommend but do not specify how smoking cessation support (SCS) should be provided to patients undergoing LCS who currently smoke. As LCS implementation progresses, delivering screening to the millions of eligible individuals around the world, the lack of best practice guidelines for SCS in the LCS setting is resulting in a growing missed opportunity to reduce persistent tobacco and lung cancer-related disparities in incidence and mortality.

Delays, fragmentation, and desire for alternatives: A qualitative study of the patient experience through diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer.

Background: Black patients in the United States have twice the mortality rate from endometrial cancer as their White peers. Washington D.C.

BLID is a drug-responsive target of FOXO3a and multi-omics analysis reveals survival mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities in BLID-deficient breast cancer cells.

BH-3 like motif containing inducer of cell death (BLID) is a known prognostic factor in breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the significance of BLID in the outcomes of chemotherapy and mechanisms affected in BLID-deficient breast cancer cells. Reverse transcription-PCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine the effects of drugs on BLID expression and binding of forkhead box protein O3a (FOXO3a) to the BLID promoter.

"Paint and Sip for Cancer Prevention": A Novel Arts-Based Community Engagement Strategy to Advance Cancer Education and Screening in Underserved Individuals.

Persistent disparities in cancer awareness, screening uptake, and early detection disproportionately affect underserved communities in the USA. While traditional health education approaches play a critical role, they often fail to engage historically marginalized populations in culturally resonant ways. Innovative strategies that leverage creativity, trust-building, and community participation are urgently needed.

A phase I dose escalation study of Polyphenon E in liver cirrhosis: Evaluation of safety and effect on liver γ-OHPdG levels.

Accumulation of the DNA adduct γ-hydroxy-1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG) is associated with HCC development. Theaphenon E-a green tea polyphenol extract dosed according to mg of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-suppresses the formation of γ-OHPdG and reduces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in preclinical models. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Polyphenon E (Theaphenon E equivalent) and its effect on liver γ-OHPdG levels in patients with cirrhosis.

Patient-reported outcome thresholds and their associations with survival, adverse events, and quality of life in a pooled analysis of breast cancer trials.

Researchers at the EORTC recently recommended clinical thresholds for the QLQ-C30 to facilitate actionable insights in clinical practice. We evaluate the distribution of these thresholds and associations with outcomes in breast cancer. Data were pooled from two early-stage and six advanced-stage breast cancer trials.

EmpowerHer-a smoke-free future: a feasibility study examining the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally concordant tobacco treatment intervention in African American women.

Background: Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the USA. African Americans face a higher cancer mortality rate and disease burden due to modifiable health behaviors. Effective tobacco treatment programs must transition from research to accessible community settings, particularly targeting African American women who smoke.

The role of racial discrimination in medical care: A secondary analysis of the effect of culturally tailored, internet-delivered CBT for insomnia in Black women.

Objectives: Prior experiences of medical racism harm health outcomes through reduced trust in medical recommendations and ultimately reduced treatment uptake. Unfortunately, experiencing medical racism is common among Black women. Culturally tailoring interventions can increase patient trust and treatment engagement.

Sequential Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Sacituzumab Govitecan and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan.

Purpose: Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) are antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Both carry topoisomerase-1-inhibiting payloads, and it is unknown whether these drugs retain activity when used sequentially.

Methods: Patients who received both T-DXd and SG for treatment of MBC were eligible.