Steroid hormone-mediated epigenetic programming during puberty: uncovering links to depression.

DNA methylation (DNAm) is a key epigenetic modification that dynamically regulates eukaryotic development over time. DNAm has been found to influence a variety of biological processes in both normative and pathological states, such as depression. Since DNAm can serve as an interface between environmental influence and gene expression, it is a mechanism studied in the context of many pathologies, including psychiatric.

Being only with yourself enhances the binding of stimulus representations with both egocentric- and allocentric-representations of the self: A P2 event-related potential study.

Perceiving a stimulus involves the awareness that it is we who are perceiving it. Representations activated by the stimulus are thus automatically bound to representations of the self. Interestingly, previous research has shown that the amplitude of the P2 event-related brain potential (ERP) is larger for stimuli to which participants can refer themselves.

Understanding the game experiences and mental health of youth: protocol for the Game-in-Action Quebec cohort study.

Introduction: Video games have been linked to a range of positive and negative effects on the mental health of adolescents and young adults. However, to better understand how games affect the mental health of young people, their use and experiences must be situated in the sociocultural and personal life contexts of individuals. Drawing from a cultural-ecosocial approach, this study combines cross-sectional and digital phenotyping measures to examine the effects of video games on the mental health of youth.

Trajectories of childhood eating behaviors and their association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence.

Objective: Several studies have shown that maladaptive eating behaviors in childhood predict greater risk for eating disorders in adolescence. Whether or not maladaptive eating behaviors could represent developmental risk factors for a larger spectrum of psychopathologies is unknown. This study described longitudinal trajectories of overeating and picky eating behaviors in boys and girls from ages 2.

Restrictive and Binge-Purge OSFED Variants: Clinical Features and Comparisons With Classical Eating Disorders.

Objective: Current diagnostic nomenclature includes "atypical" eating disorders (EDs) under the term other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED). Previous studies suggest that individuals with OSFED have similar psychological and concurrent symptoms to individuals with "classical" EDs. Our study compared people with OSFED to those with classical EDs on indices reflecting ED pathology, concurrent psychological symptoms, personality traits, functional impairment, illness duration, and pretreatment motivation.

Narratives in context: a cellphilm study of the social experiences of persons with psychosis from different ethnic, racial and migrant backgrounds.

Background: A higher risk of psychosis among migrants and ethnic minorities, due to intersecting exposure to social disadvantage, exclusion and discrimination, has been reported. However, first-person experiences and perspectives regarding these topics have rarely been sought.

Methods: We aimed to explore the contexts, experiences, and perspectives of individuals with psychosis from diverse ethno-racial and migrant backgrounds through a qualitative study involving an in-depth interview and an arts-based component (cellphilming).

Artificial Intelligence in Depression-Medication Enhancement (AID-ME): A Cluster Randomized Trial of a Deep-Learning-Enabled Clinical Decision Support System for Personalized Depression Treatment Selection and Management.

There has been increasing interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for the personalization of major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment selection and management, but clinical studies are lacking. We tested whether a CDSS that combines an AI which predicts remission probabilities for individual antidepressants and a clinical algorithm based on treatment can improve MDD outcomes. This was a multicenter, cluster randomized, patient-and-rater blinded and clinician-partially-blinded, active-controlled trial that recruited outpatient adults with moderate or greater severity MDD.

Exploring the Influence of Loneliness on Cognitive Decline: Differential Effects in Black and White Older Adults.

Objectives: Loneliness is prevalent among older adults, who may experience age-related or pathological cognitive changes. However, there's a limited understanding of how loneliness affects cognitive decline and if the relationship differs by race. This study investigates the impact of loneliness on cognitive decline among Black and White older adults.

Amygdala-hippocampus connectivity and childhood depressive symptoms: subnuclei insights and self-concept roles.

Amygdala-hippocampal connectivity is a promising area of study for an understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of depression. In this study, we examined the association between amygdala-hippocampal connectivity and depressive symptoms in children with a specific focus on the subnuclei level. We then examined whether self-concept mediated brain-behavior associations.

Pathway-Specific Polygenic Scores for Predicting Clinical Lithium Treatment Response in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Polygenic scores (PGSs) hold the potential to identify patients who respond favorably to specific psychiatric treatments. However, their biological interpretation remains unclear. In this study, we developed pathway-specific PGSs (PS) for lithium response and assessed their association with clinical lithium response in patients with bipolar disorder.

Charting the path in rodent functional neuroimaging.

Driven by a period of accelerated progress and recent technical breakthroughs, whole-brain functional neuroimaging in rodents offers exciting new possibilities for addressing basic questions about brain function and its alterations. In response to lessons learned from the human neuroimaging community, leading scientists and researchers in the field convened to address existing barriers and outline ambitious goals for the future. This article captures these discussions, highlighting a shared vision to advance rodent functional neuroimaging into an era of increased impact.

Evaluating permutation-based inference for partial least squares analysis of neuroimaging data.

Partial least squares (PLS) is actively leveraged in neuroimaging work, typically to map latent variables (LVs) representing brain-behaviour associations. LVs are considered statistically significant if they tend to capture more covariance than LVs derived from permuted data, with a Procrustes rotation applied to map each set of permuted LVs to the space defined by the originals, creating an "apples to apples" comparison. Yet, it has not been established whether applying the rotation makes the permutation test more sensitive to whether true LVs are present in a dataset, and it is unclear whether significance alone is sufficient to fully characterize a PLS decomposition, given that complementary metrics such as strength and split-half stability may offer non-redundant information about the LVs.

Imaging of the superficial white matter in health and disease.

The superficial white matter, the layer of white matter immediately deep to the cortical grey matter, is a highly complex, heterogeneous tissue region comprising dense meshes of neural fibres, a robust population of interstitial neurons, and ongoing glial activity and myelination. It originates from the histologically distinct, developmentally vital subplate in the foetal brain, maintains thalamo-cortical connections throughout adult life, and is a necessary passage for all axons passing between the grey and white matter. Despite these features, the superficial white matter is among the most poorly understood regions of the brain, in part due to its complex makeup and the resulting difficulty of its study.

FONDUE: Robust resolution-invariant denoising of MR images using Nested UNets.

Recent human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies continually push the boundaries of spatial resolution as a means to enhance levels of neuroanatomical detail and increase the accuracy and sensitivity of derived brain morphometry measures. However, acquisitions required to achieve these resolutions have a higher noise floor, potentially impacting segmentation and morphometric analysis results. This study proposes a novel, fast, robust, and resolution-invariant deep learning method to denoise structural human brain MRIs.

Cortical alterations associated with executive function deficits in youth with a congenital heart defect.

Adolescents and young adults born with a complex congenital heart defect (CHD) are at risk for executive function (ExF) impairments, which contribute to the psychological and everyday burden of CHD. Cortical dysmaturation has been well described in fetuses and neonates with CHD and early evidence suggests that cortical alterations in thickness, surface area, and gyrification index are non-transient and can be observed in adolescents with CHD. However, cortical alterations have yet to be correlated with ExF deficits in youth with CHD.

A preliminary investigation of tobacco co-use on endocannabinoid activity in people with cannabis use.

Tobacco is commonly co-used with cannabis. This is unfortunate because tobacco co-use exacerbates select clinical consequences associated with cannabis use. Evidence demonstrates that low levels of anandamide, a prominent endocannabinoid, correlate with worse clinical outcomes.

The PREVENT-AD cohort: accelerating Alzheimer's disease research and treatment in Canada and beyond.

The PREVENT-AD is an investigator-driven study that was created in 2011 and enrolled cognitively normal older adults with a family history of sporadic AD. Participants are deeply phenotyped and have now been followed annually for more than 12 years [median follow-up 8.0 years,SD 3.

Intersecting vulnerabilities: Race, Depression, and White Matter Hyperintensity burden in Aging.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are markers of brain aging and are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, research regarding how race, ethnicity, and depression status influence WMHs remains mixed. This study examined the interactive effects of race/ethnicity and depression on WMHs and cognition in older adults.

Diazepam modulates hippocampal CA1 functional connectivity in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Background: Preclinical evidence suggests that diazepam enhances hippocampal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling and normalises a psychosis-relevant cortico-limbic-striatal circuit. Hippocampal network dysconnectivity, particularly from the CA1 subfield, is evident in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), representing a potential treatment target. This study aimed to forward-translate this preclinical evidence.

Region-informed machine learning model for choroid plexus segmentation in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The choroid plexus (CP), a critical structure for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, has been increasingly recognized for its involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accurate segmentation of CP from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains challenging due to its irregular shape, variable MR signal, and proximity to the lateral ventricles. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a region-informed Gaussian Mixture Model (One-GMM) for automatic CP segmentation using anatomical priors derived from FreeSurfer (FS) software and compare it with manual, FS, and one previous GMM-based (Two-GMM) methods.

Task-Related Controllability of Functional Connectome During a Working Memory Task in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder.

Working memory (WM) deficit is a prominent and common cognitive impairment in major psychiatric disorders (MPDs). Altered control of brain state transitions may underlie the neural basis of WM deficit. We investigate whether shared and illness-specific alterations in controllability underlie WM deficits in MPDs.

Maturation of Hippocampal Subfields in Young Adulthood and Its Relationship With Cognition.

The hippocampus is a key brain region for memory and cognitive functions, which consists of distinct subregions with different developmental trajectories throughout adolescence. However, trajectories of hippocampal subfield change in young adulthood remain uncharacterized, as is their potential relationship with cortical brain aging and cognitive ability during this time. We conducted two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-ups of a prenatal birth cohort in young adulthood and studied the effects of chronological age and cortical brain age on the volume of hippocampal subfields in the early 20s (n = 109; 51% men) and late 20s (n = 251; 53% men) and how these age-related volumetric changes might relate to full-scale IQ (FSIQ).