Genomic characterization and multidrug resistance of isolated from peregrine falcons in Saudi Arabia: A One Health perspective.

Background And Aim: is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) zoonotic pathogen increasingly implicated in infections in both humans and animals, including avian species. Raptors, particularly peregrine falcons, are vulnerable due to their exposure to diverse environments and intensive management practices. This study aimed to identify isolates from peregrine falcons in Saudi Arabia and to characterize their genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Convergent evolution of -facilitated root nodule symbiosis.

The origin and phylogenetic distribution of symbiotic associations between nodulating angiosperms and nitrogen-fixing bacteria have long intrigued biologists. Recent comparative evolutionary analyses have yielded alternative hypotheses: a multistep pathway of independent gains and losses of root nodule symbiosis vs. a single gain followed by numerous losses.

Could tolerance explain an individual's eight episodes of gonococcal treatment failure with ceftriaxone? A case report.

Objectives: Describe the clinical evolution of a person with recurrent gonococcal cervicitis despite appropriate treatment and lack of reinfection.

Methods: We used the tolerance detection test to confirm that all three culture-positive gonococcal isolates were tolerant to ceftriaxone.

Results: Over a period of 6 months, a transgender man with gonococcal cervicitis experienced eight episodes of treatment failure despite receiving ceftriaxone 1 g intramuscularly on each occasion.

Gut dysbiosis is linked to severe steatosis and enhances its diagnostic performance in MASLD.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally, with rising prevalence linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Excessive liver fat accumulation (steatosis) worsens disease progression and MASLD prognosis. Moreover, gut microbiota dysbiosis might promote steatosis, accelerating the disease progression to severe stages.

Enhancing diagnostic efficiency of pyrazinamide resistance in via modified MGIT assay and genotypic correlation.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) plays a crucial role in the treatment of both active and latent tuberculosis, particularly in regimens designed to treat drug-resistant TB. However, diagnosing resistance to PZA poses challenges for managing TB, highlighting the need for accurate detection methods. This study aims to address the challenges in detecting PZA resistance by modifying the standard MGIT960 PZA drug susceptibility testing method by optimizing the inoculum dilution.

B cell dysregulation during acute COVID-19 is transient.

Background: COVID-19 is still a significant health concern worldwide. B cell responses to COVID-19 have been extensively studied in acute severe disease, but less so during extended follow-up or mild disease. Persisting immunological changes together with herpesvirus reactivations during acute COVID-19 have been suggested as contributing factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Infectious endocarditis caused by Elizabethkingia spp.: Two case reports and a literature review.

We report two cases of Elizabethkingia-related infective endocarditis, highlighting key risk factors such as prosthetic valve replacement. These cases underscore the need to consider endocarditis in the setting of persistent or recurrent bacteremia. Diagnosis proved challenging and required multiple imaging modalities, with positron emission tomography (PET) scan providing critical value when echocardiography was non-contributory.

Autophagy and Bacterial infections.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that is prominent during bacterial infections. In this review article, we discuss how direct pathogen clearance via xenophagy and regulation of inflammatory products represent dual functions of autophagy that coordinate an effective antimicrobial response. We detail the molecular mechanisms of xenophagy, including signals that indicate the presence of an intracellular pathogen and autophagy receptor-mediated cargo targeting, while highlighting pathogen counterstrategies, such as bacterial effector proteins that inhibit autophagy initiation or exploit autophagic membranes for replication.

Gut mucin fucosylation dictates the entry of botulinum toxin complexes.

Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are the most potent known bacterial toxins. The BoNT complex from B-Okra (large progenitor toxin complex (L-PTC)/B, hyper-oral-toxic) exerts at least 80-fold higher oral toxicity in mice compared with that from serotype A1 (L-PTC/A, non-hyper-oral-toxic). Here, we showed that L-PTC/B was predominantly absorbed through enterocytes, whereas L-PTC/A targeted intestinal microfold cells.

Presence of virulent Edwardsiella tarda in farmed nile tilapia and striped catfish.

The production of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypothalamus) has increased worldwide; recently, it was farmed with Nile tilapia in polyculture farms. Polyculture systems and water temperature (25℃ and 33℃) could affect Edwardsiella tarda infection, antibiotic efficacy, and residues. Moribund fishes were collected from three Farms 1-3: Farm 1 (monoculture, Nile tilapia), Farm 2 (monoculture, striped catfish), and Farm 3 (polyculture).

Periplasmic serine protease Prc is responsible for amyloid subunit CsgA degradation and proteostasis in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli synthesizes curli amyloid fibers extracellularly during biofilm formation and host colonization. The proteostasis network regulates the major curli subunit, CsgA, to prevent intracellular amyloid aggregation, yet the degradation mechanism remains elusive. Here, through a comprehensive investigation employing genetically engineered E.

The preventive and therapeutic role of native probiotic Lactobacillus species in controlling inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that leads to inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Since dysregulation of the immune system is one of the triggers for IBD, taking probiotics as an immunomodulator in the gut could help control inflammation and IBD by influencing signaling pathways. The present research applied in vitro models to explore the effectiveness of our native probiotic Lactobacillus spp.

Targeting Kidney Inflammation in Colitis: The Role of Probiotics, Paraprobiotics, and Autophagy.

Probiotics and paraprobiotics have the potential to alleviate kidney inflammation by modulating colitis and influencing the autophagy pathway. This study aimed to evaluate their effects on autophagy pathway in kidney inflammation following colitis. Colitis was induced in mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to simulate gut inflammation.

A Single Amino Acid in PBP1a Drives High-Level Penicillin and Amoxicillin Resistance in Streptococcus suis.

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe diseases in both humans and pigs, with β-lactam antibiotics serving as the primary treatment. However, resistance to penicillin and amoxicillin has been steadily increasing, and the mechanisms underlying their resistance remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 534 S.

Acute Cholangitis With Non-O1 and Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia: A Case Report.

We describe a case of acute cholangitis with bacteremia caused by non-O1 and non-O139 (NOVC) in a 76-year-old man following acute gastroenteritis. The strain, isolated from blood cultures, was identified as serogroup O120. It lacked the cholera toxin gene, but it harbored multiple virulence genes, including , , , and .

Host-microbiome mutualism drives urea carbon salvage and acetogenesis during hibernation.

Hibernation is a seasonal survival strategy employed by certain mammals that, through torpor use, reduces overall energy expenditure and permits long-term fasting. Although fasting solves the challenge of winter food scarcity, it also removes dietary carbon, a critical biomolecular building block. Here, we demonstrate a process of urea carbon salvage (UCS) in hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels, whereby urea carbon is reclaimed through gut microbial ureolysis and used in reductive acetogenesis to produce acetate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of major value to the host and its gut microbiota.

Opsins are Phospholipid Scramblases in All Domains of Life.

Opsins are highly abundant retinal proteins in the membranes of photoheterotrophic bacteria. However, some microbial genomes encode an but lack the gene for the final enzyme in retinal synthesis. To account for this paradox, we hypothesized that bacterial opsins play a role in membrane structure and/or biogenesis independent from their potential for light-driven signaling or proton pumping.

Rhizobacteria and kinetin: a synergistic solution for enhanced maize drought tolerance and seed quality.

Unlabelled: Drought stress substantially threatens global food security. To cope with this, a field-based trial was performed to examine the influence of PGPRs/microbial consortia & ) and kinetin on the maize under full irrigation and 50% drought. The results of biochemical features of bacteria revealed positive for phosphorus, and zinc solubilization with great capacity to battle stress circumstances owing (ACC deaminase, Indole 3 Acetic acid IAA, and siderophore) production.

Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii can be killed by a combination of bacteriophages and complement.

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are an emerging global health threat. Although phages have shown promising results in treating bacterial infections, the mechanisms of the combined effect of phages and innate immunity on clearing A. baumannii remain unclear.

Associations between endometrial swab bacteriology and cytology findings and live foal rates in Thoroughbred broodmares in the United Kingdom.

Background: To date, relationships between pre-covering endometrial swab cytology and bacteriology and fertility outcomes in Thoroughbred broodmares in the United Kingdom are unknown and could aid clinical decision making.

Objectives: To investigate associations between cytology and bacteriology findings from the last endometrial swab taken in the breeding season (15 February to 15 July) and live-foal rates (predicted mean probability of producing a live foal) in UK Thoroughbred broodmares.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Novel image-based titration method for potency testing of diphtheria toxoid in Vero cell assay.

The potency of diphtheria toxoid is determined by titrating neutralizing antibody levels in immunized mice using the Vero cell assay. The WHO manual recommends titration by determining the cytotoxic endpoint through measuring cell metabolism and observing cell morphology under a microscope, which has been conducted in our laboratory; however, the former is time-consuming and the latter subjective. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel endpoint determination method based on cell image analysis.

Development of an In Vitro Electrical Impedance Model to Assess Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Efficacy of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Aspergillus fumigatus causes fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals, with the increasing number of azole-resistant strains leading to high mortality rates. This study aimed to develop a novel in vitro model using electrical impedance to continuously evaluate interactions between A. fumigatus and human cells and antifungal agent efficacy.

An updated view of metabolic handoffs in microbiomes.

From the human gut to the deep ocean, diverse microbial communities underpin essential ecosystem processes. Limited understanding of the dynamics and interactions that shape these communities, however, constrains efforts to culture, investigate, and harness their potential. Further, these knowledge gaps restrict the ability to predict microbial responses to broader biodiversity declines and global change.

Systematic review and modelling of seroprevalence in humans, Europe, 2000 to 2021.

BACKGROUND is a zoonotic protozoan capable of infecting warm-blooded animal species and humans. Although toxoplasmosis presents mostly as mild or asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent individuals, in unborn children and people with weakened immune systems, the disease can be severe with ocular, neurological or multi-systemic manifestations and even death.AIMWe aimed to collate and analyse data on seroprevalence in humans to model and compare age-dependent prevalence in geographic regions in Europe.