A TURP without a foot pedal-making do in a resource poor setting.

Delivering surgical services in low- and middle-income countries often requires adaptability and ingenuity due to resource limitations. This case report describes how a visiting surgical team in a Pacific Island nation overcame the absence of a diathermy foot pedal during a transurethral resection of the prostate by collaborating with both on-site and remote biomedical engineers. The team modified a handheld pencil diathermy to mimic foot pedal functionality.

Work tasks drive the physical behaviors of passenger train drivers.

Background: Passenger rail drivers' physical behaviors contribute to individual, organizational and community risks. As work tasks are theorized to determine physical behaviors performed during work hours, there is a need to clarify how work tasks determine passenger rail drivers' physical behaviors to inform improved work design.

Aims: The aim of this study was to describe the physical behaviors of passenger train drivers across their work tasks and breaks, and explore what potential influences create variations in physical behaviors within tasks.

Fertility Concerns and Information Needs and Preferences of Australian Women With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Objective: Pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes for women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Yet few women with CKD report receiving information about pregnancy and often experience difficulties making informed childbearing decisions and optimizing pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the fertility and childbearing concerns and related information needs and preferences of women with CKD living in Australia.

Comparison of long-term patient reported outcomes of excisional and incisional corporoplasties for Peyronie's disease.

Background: To compare surgical and long-term patient-reported outcomes (PRO) between excisional (Nesbit) and incisional (Yachia) corporoplasty for correction of uncomplicated Peyronie's-related penile curvature in a large, single-surgeon cohort. A retrospective audit identified men who underwent Nesbit or Yachia corporoplasty (2015-2021). Operative data was extracted from records.

Validity and Reliability of Resting Energy Expenditure Measured by Indirect Calorimetry in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: a Rapid Systematic Review.

This rapid systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (concurrent validity, predictive ability, reliability) of indirect calorimetry (IC) for measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) in adults with overweight or obesity. PubMed and Web of Science searched for studies measuring REE by IC in adults with overweight or obesity and reported primary outcomes: concurrent validity, predictive ability, or reliability. N = 22 studies were included that evaluated n = 10 IC devices.

Adherence trends to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Young people are consuming less healthy diets such as Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), which is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including obesity. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature concerning the prevalence and trends of adherence to the (MedDiet) in a young Spanish population (aged 2-24 years) from 2004 to 2023.

Data Synthesis: The present review included observational studies and final assessments of longitudinal studies to assess the prevalence or trend in adherence to the MedDiet using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) in three categories (low (≤3), medium (4-7), and high (≥8)).

Barriers and Facilitators to Long-Term Adherence in an Ongoing, Supervised, Gym-Based Exercise Program Among Adults With Chronic Conditions in Regional Australia.

Background/objective: Adherence rates to supervised gym-based exercise programs traditionally decline over time, highlighting the need to understand participants' perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators to long-term participation. To explore the experiences of people with one or more chronic conditions participating in an ongoing, supervised, gym-based exercise program in regional Australia.

Method: Semistructured interviews were completed with 40 participants and were analyzed thematically using a descriptive qualitative approach.

Optimizing Lutein Formulations for Targeted Ocular Drug Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights.

Lutein is a plant pigment beneficial for eye health and for preventing retinal-related diseases. However, lutein is unstable, with low oral bioavailability. In this study, lutein fromwas loaded into cubosome lipid nanocarriers, both neutral (lutein-MO) and cationic (lutein-MO-DOTAP); the release, stability, and retinal penetration of the drug were improved.

Addressing the Increasing Rate of Caesarean Sections in an Australian Healthcare System: A Systems Science Approach to Identify Stakeholder Perspectives.

Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing globally. We aimed to understand stakeholders' perspectives on factors driving CS in pregnancy care to inform areas for intervention. Stakeholders from five health services participated in three Group Model Building workshops to identify the drivers of CS and intervention opportunities.

Divergent Changes in Peak Fat Oxidation and Fat Following 3-Day Dietary Interventions Are Related to Muscle Glycogen Availability in Men.

Dietary intake has an important influence on rates of fuel use during exercise, but the extent to which short-term diet changes affect peak fat oxidation (PFO) and the intensity at which this occurs (Fat) is unknown. This study examined the impact of diet-induced changes in substrate availability on PFO and Fat and the expression of key lipid-regulatory genes and proteins in skeletal muscle. Forty moderately to well-trained males (27 ± 5 years, V̇O 56.

N-acetyl cysteine for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a multi-site, double-blind randomised controlled trial (NAC-AUD study).

Introduction: Current treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUD) have limited efficacy. A previous 28-day pilot trial of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) vs placebo found NAC to be feasible and safe, with evidence of improvement on some measures of alcohol consumption. Thus, the primary aim of the NAC-AUD study is to examine the therapeutic and cost-effectiveness of NAC vs placebo in improving treatment outcomes for AUD.

Performance and Perceptual Responses to Cluster Sets in Pneumatic-Resistance Exercises: Impact of Exercise Selection, Sex, and Strength.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of cluster sets (CS) versus traditional sets (TRAD) on performance and perceptual responses during pneumatic chest press (CP) and leg press (LP). Exercise-specific differences and the influence of sex and strength were also explored.

Methods: Forty-seven recreationally resistance-trained young adults (23 male and 24 female) performed CP and LP at 70% 1-repetition maximum in either CS (4 × [2 × 5], 30-s intraset rest, 150 s between sets) or TRAD (4 × 10, 180-s rest between sets) in randomized order.

Reimagining Acute Diabetes Care: Insights From the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department.

Objective: New approaches to diabetes care are needed to better identify and manage diabetes emergencies outside of hospitals.

Research Design And Methods: A descriptive analysis of routinely collected data was conducted using data from the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department (VVED) Diabetes, a telehealth service that provides emergency care, including ketone testing by ambulance personnel, for patients across Victoria, Australia, experiencing non-life-threatening diabetes-related emergencies.

Results: Between July and December 2024, VVED Diabetes managed 868 diabetes-related emergencies, with 82.

Exploring the Self-Care Experiences of Adults With Heart Failure in Australia: A Qualitative Study.

Heart failure is a complex, progressive syndrome with significant impacts on quality of life and daily functioning. This study aimed to understand the self-care experiences of community-dwelling adults with heart failure in Australia while also portraying the context and impact of these experiences on participants. We focused on patients' accounts of self-care, irrespective of their alignment with existing definitions or guidelines.

Factors influencing the implementation of mealtime interventions in inpatient and aged care settings: A systematic review.

Purpose: Many mealtime interventions have been developed over the past ten years. The effective implementation of such interventions into clinical practice is crucial to improve the swallowing safety and/or mealtime-related quality of life for people living with dysphagia or at risk of malnutrition. This systematic review summarises and critically appraises the literature on implementation of mealtime interventions in inpatient and aged care settings.

Parenting Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Findings for Children's Socio-emotional Functioning.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to investigate the longitudinal associations between parents' pre-pandemic mental health issues and their emotion-related parenting practices during the pandemic, as well as the impact on children's socio-emotional functioning. The present study aimed to: 1) investigate associations between pre-existing parent mental health issues (2019) with children's long-term socio-emotional functioning (2021), via changes in emotion-related parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020); and 2) test whether COVID-19 pandemic-related environmental stressors during 2020 and 2021 exacerbated associations between emotion-related parenting practices and children's socio-emotional functioning. Data were drawn from the Child and Parent Emotion Study (CAPES).

Australian pharmacists' experiences and perspectives in implementing a chronic kidney disease screening service in community pharmacies: A qualitative study.

Background: The emerging role of pharmacists in chronic kidney disease (CKD) care prompted the pharmacy-led screening and quality use of medicines in CKD trial (QUM-CKD), a pharmacy-led screening initiative to detect previously undiagnosed CKD and improve medication safety.Objective: To explore pharmacists' experiences and perspectives on the implementation of the QUM-CKD trial in Australian community pharmacies.

Methods: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach was employed, involving in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews with thirteen metropolitan and rural community pharmacists in the trial.

Tuna Oil-Enriched Toddler Formula Enhances DHA Status in Indonesian Toddlers.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for brain and cognitive development in toddlers; however, global intakes often fall below recommended levels. This study evaluated the bioavailability of DHA from commercial toddler formulas fortified with either microencapsulated high-DHA fish oil powder or high-DHA fish oil. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 120 healthy Indonesian toddlers aged 2-3 years.

An electrochemical biosensor for detection of copper(II) based on FeO@Au magnetic nanoparticles and Cu-dependent DNAzyme assisted nicking endonuclease signal amplification.

Copper ions are essential elements in the human body and participate in various physiological activities in the bodies of organisms. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed for detection of copper ions (Cu) based on FeO@Au magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@Au MNPs) and a Cu-dependent DNAzyme assisted nicking endonuclease signal amplification (NESA) strategy. dsDNA is formed by a hybridization reaction between DNA S2 and S1 immobilized on the surface of FeO@Au MNPs.

Towards a National Longitudinal Tracking Framework of Health Graduate Practice Locations.

Aims: Workforce maldistribution is a challenge to the equitable provision of healthcare in Australia. This Commentary details how a multi-university, large-scale, and growing data asset is positioned to contribute strategically and operationally to addressing national workforce priorities.

Context: The Nursing and Allied Health Graduate Outcome Tracking (NAHGOT) study is a prospective longitudinal research project with a commitment to nationwide geographical coverage.

Conducting Eating Disorder Research in the Era of Generative AI: Researcher Perspectives and Guidelines From the International Journal of Eating Disorders.

Objectives: Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) could transform how science is conducted, supporting researchers with writing, coding, peer review, and evidence synthesis. However, it is not yet known how eating disorder researchers utilize generative AI, and uncertainty remains regarding its safe, ethical, and transparent use. The Executive Committee of the International Journal of Eating Disorders disseminated a survey for eating disorder researchers investigating their practices and perspectives on generative AI, with the goal of informing guidelines on appropriate AI use for authors, reviewers, and editors.

Validity and Reliability of a Self-Administered Questionnaire for 24-Hour Movement Behaviors.

Background: Brief measures of 24-hour movement behaviors are needed to easily evaluate their durations. The present study investigated the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of a brief self-report instrument to assess 24-hour movement behaviors.

Methods: A paper-based self-administered questionnaire was used to assess sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with four items in 35 healthy adults.

Psychotropic pharmacogenetics in adult populations: From basic science to clinical trials and health economics - An evidence-based overview for decision makers.

Psychotropic pharmacogenetics (PGx) offers significant potential advancements in psychiatric care by optimising medication selection and dosing based on genetic factors. This perspective article highlights the clinical utility, health economic implications and implementation challenges of psychotropic PGx, proposing that its broader implementation could enhance patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Landmark studies show that PGx-guided care results in fewer adverse drug reactions and improved medication efficacy, with substantial cost savings compared to traditional prescribing methods.

Socioeconomic differences in the cost-effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention for obesity prevention in early childhood.

Objectives: This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of an early childhood obesity prevention intervention providing telephone and short message service (SMS) support to mothers of children aged 2-4 years by socioeconomic position (SEP).

Methods: A model-based SEP-specific economic evaluation of the intervention was conducted. SEP-specific intervention costs and effects at age 5 years were derived from the trial data and applied to a cohort of 4- to 5-year-old Australian children.

Consortium profile: the methylation, imaging and NeuroDevelopment (MIND) consortium.

Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, show potential as biological markers and mechanisms underlying gene-environment interplay in the prediction of mental health and other brain-based phenotypes. However, little is known about how peripheral epigenetic patterns relate to individual differences in the brain itself. An increasingly popular approach to address this is by combining epigenetic and neuroimaging data; yet, research in this area is almost entirely comprised of cross-sectional studies in adults.