Mitrephorines A-E and Other Cytotoxic Aporphinoids from the Bark of .

Six previously undescribed alkaloids, including three dimeric aporphine alkaloids, mitrephorines A-C (-), two aristolactam-aporphine alkaloids, mitrephorines D and E ( and ), and one 4,5-dioxoaporphine alkaloid, 8-methoxycepharadione A (), accompanied by 13 previously identified compounds, were isolated from the bark of . Their structures were determined by the analysis of UV, IR, NMR, and HRMS, while absolute configurations were assigned by chiral HPLC, specific rotation values, and ECD spectral data. Known compounds (-) were identified by comparison with literature data.

Phosphoprotein Profile of Ameloblastoma.

Objective: Ameloblastoma (AM) is a well-known benign odontogenic tumor recognized for its aggressive nature, believed to originate from tooth-forming tissue or the dental follicle (DF). Phosphoproteins are crucial for cellular signaling, enabling intracellular communication and regulating various physiological processes. In cancer, phosphoproteins are fundamental to both pathogenesis and pathophysiology.

A Medical Anthropology Assessment of Community Liver Cancer Risks: Qualitative Comparisons of Communities with Different Risk Profiles in Thailand.

Background: Thailand has the highest incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the world, and a high rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although risk factors for these two types of liver cancer have been identified, gaps persist in models for prevention. This qualitative study examined community awareness of liver cancer risk factors and prevention in rural Thailand.

Three rare verbascoside conjugated with iridoid glycosides and a diacylated iridoid diglycoside from Gmelina elliptica.

Three rare verbascoside conjugated with iridoid glucosides linked by an ester bond, termed songmaeosides A-C (1-3), in addition to an unreported diacylated iridoid diglycoside, songmaeoside D (8), were isolated from the leaves of Gmelina elliptica. Additionally, premcoryoside (4), 6-α-L-(2"-caffeoyl)-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (5), saccatoside (6), scorodioside (7), verbascoside (9), syringalide A 3'-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (10), isoverbascoside (11), icariside F (12), and sericoside (13) were also isolated. The isolation of verbascoside conjugated with iridoid glucosides through an ester linkage from this species is an uncommon phenomenon in plant sources.

Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) to overcome extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii poses a serious clinical challenge due to its resistance to nearly all available antibiotics, including carbapenems and colistin. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytochemical from Cannabis sativa L., has recently shown promising antimicrobial activity.

Substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones for potential anticancer therapeutics: cytotoxic effects and QSAR-guided design of new analogs.

1,4-Naphthoquinone is a promising pharmacophore in drug discovery due to its unique redox reactive nature and wide-ranging bioactivities. Herein, a series of 1,4-naphthoquinones (-) were investigated for their anticancer activities against 4 cancer cell lines (i.e.

Design and Development of a Sprayable Hydrogel Based on Thermo/pH Dual-Responsive Polymer Incorporating (Neem) Extract for Wound Dressing Applications.

Developing a rapidly gel-forming, in situ sprayable hydrogel with wound dressing functionality is essential for enhancing the wound healing process. In this study, a novel sprayable hydrogel-based wound dressing was developed by combining thermo- and pH- responsive polymers including Pluronic F127 (PF127) and -succinyl chitosan (NSC). NSC was prepared by modifying chitosan with succinic anhydride, as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

New patients with duplication of the pituitary gland-plus syndrome, including a variant and a literature review.

Background: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome is an extremely rare developmental malformation of unknown aetiology.

Methods: Two unreported patients of DPG-plus syndrome are described. Underlying genetic defects were explored, including chromosomal microarray (CMA), whole exome sequencing (WES) and mRNA analysis.

Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of -Propargyl Benzamides: A Direct Route to -Allylbenzamides and Acid-Induced Cyclization to Oxazolines.

We have developed a palladium-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction as a highly efficient approach for accessing -allylbenzamide derivatives in a more straightforward manner than conventional methods. Utilizing -propargyl benzamides and boronic acids as key coupling partners, this strategy provides a diverse range of products in moderate to high yields, with electronic effect of boronic acids playing a crucial role in the reaction outcome. Notably, this method features a shorter and more practical synthetic sequence.

Silencing serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 to induce apoptosis and autophagy-dependent cell death in cholangiocarcinoma through the correction of oncogenic splicing errors.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a bile duct cancer often linked to liver fluke infections. In Thailand, it has a high incidence and mortality rate due to imprecise symptoms, late diagnosis, and limited treatments. Our previous research identified gene-splicing errors as a factor in CCA progression.

Assessment and Performance of Pooled Serum Samples for Monitoring Farm-Level Immunity in Tilapia Infected with Tilapia Lake Virus.

Effective surveillance of viral disease in fish populations is critical for disease control and the sustainable development of global aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the application and performance of pooled serum samples using an indirect ELISA based on recombinant segment 4 protein to assess farm-level immunity in tilapia infected with Tilapia lake virus (TiLV). The TiLV-S4 ELISA was developed using a recombinant nucleoprotein (segment 4) antigen, optimized through checkerboard titration, and validated for repeatability and reproducibility, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 10%.

Wss1 and Ddi1 DNA-Protein crosslink repair proteases protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans against oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is a major microbicidal mechanism of phagocytes causing molecular damages, including DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), toxic DNA lesions that can lead to genomic instability. DPC repair depends on Wss1 and Ddi1 proteases, so they may be critical for fungal survival in hosts, yet their roles have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the roles of Wss1 and Ddi1 under oxidative stress were examined in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, an important human fungal pathogen.

Potential use of hydrogels based on alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and poly(vinyl alcohol) containing amoxicillin/butterfly pea flower extract for pH-responsive antibacterial wound dressings.

This study developed wound dressing materials capable of indicating bacterial infection through a visual color change. Amoxicillin (Amox) and butterfly pea flower extract (BPE) were added to the hydrogels to enhance antibacterial activity and facilitate bacterial infection detection. The polymers used in this study included poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

Designing Novel InhA Inhibitors for Antituberculosis Agents Using ab Initio Fragment Molecular Orbital Calculations.

Tuberculosis is an ancient chronic disease caused by () and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. InhA, an enoyl-ACP reductase in , plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, essential constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. Therefore, InhA enzyme has been considered as a promising target for the development of novel antitubercular drugs.

An LC-MS Based Metabolomic Approach Coupled With Bioassay-Guided Fractionation to Identifying Bioactive Biflavonoids From Selaginella Willdenowii.

The wide-ranging applications of biflavonoids (BFVs) enriched in Selaginella plants, particularly in cuisines and medicines have attracted interest in the isolation of bioactive BFVs. However, identification of bioactive compounds in a complex mixture is a crucial challenge in medicinal plant research. The data set of Selaginella willdenowii fractions having anti-inflammatory activity combined with their LC-MS-based metabolomic profiles was analyzed by the multivariate analysis.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of pyrrole-indole hybrids as dual tubulin and aromatase inhibitors with potent anticancer activities.

Twenty-four new pyrrolyl-3-phenyl-1-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities and dual inhibition properties against tubulin and aromatase. Their anticancer activities were highly potent against the NCI60 human cancer cell line panel. Amongst them, single chloro-substituted derivative 3h was the strongest tubulin inhibitor, disrupting the microtubule structure by inhibiting the colchicine site, while potently inhibiting aromatase (IC = 1.

Antiproliferative cassaine diterpenoid amines from the leaves and twigs of the traditional Thai medicinal plant Erythrophleum teysmannii (Kurz) Craib.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Erythrophleum teysmannii (Kurz) Craib is a medicinal plant used by traditional healers in Laos and Thailand to treat cancer. Despite ethnopharmacological reports about plant extracts from this genus as cancer drug formulae, there is a knowledge gap about the chemical composition and potential pharmacological effects of E. teysmannii.

Mutation of Renders Resistant to First-Line Antibiotics Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Levofloxacin.

is one of the common causative agents of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The major concern regarding infections is its extreme resistance to multiple antibiotics. Enrofloxacin-resistant mutants of K279a were selected using a serial passage technique.

Synthesis of Functionalized Benzo[h]Quinolines via Base-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition/Intramolecular Annulation Cascade.

Benzo[h]quinoline (BhQ) is an important scaffold in biologically active natural products and synthetic molecules. However, current synthetic methods for BhQs require multiple steps, harsh conditions, and/or long reaction times. In this study, we developed an atom- and step-economical approach for the one-pot synthesis of functionalized BhQs.

Synthesis of Isoquinoline -Oxides via Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Ketoximes with Alkenes.

Reported herein is the development of an intramolecular oxidative cyclization of ketoximes with alkenes for the preparation of isoquinoline -oxides. The reaction, which utilizes phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) as an oxidant and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as a solvent, proceeds to afford various -heterocyclic products, including aryl/heteroaryl-fused pyridine -oxides, isoindole -oxides, and 2-benzazepine derivatives. Preliminary experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that the ionic pathway is the primary mechanism.

Establishment and characterization of TK-DDCS1: a novel IDH1 mutated dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell line.

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare and aggressive subtype of chondrosarcoma, characterized by the coexistence of a high-grade spindle or pleomorphic tumor that lacks a substantial cartilaginous matrix. Notably, it shows a mutant IDH1 incidence of over 80%. This study established a novel DDCS cell line with an IDH1 mutation, TK-DDCS1, derived from the right ilium of a 67-year-old Japanese female patient.

Toxicoproteomic study of fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells reveals induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and necrotic cell death as neurodegenerative mechanisms.

Exposure to pesticides has been considered as a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing use of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, poses a risk to human health. This study aims to use toxicoproteomics for exploring neurodegenerative mechanism of fipronil in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.

Hybrid virtual screening identifies dipyrazole carboxamide derivatives as novel direct InhA inhibitors with antitubercular activity.

Direct inhibitors of M. tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (M. tuberculosis InhA) remain effective against variants with mutations associated with isoniazid resistance.

Astraeusols A-E: lanostane-type triterpenes from the wild edible mushroom Astraeus asiaticus.

Five previously undescribed lanostane-type triterpenes, astraeusols A-E (1-5), along with astraeusin M (6), astrasiate (7), astraeusin A (8), artabotryol A (9), artabotryol B (10), artabotryol C2 (11), cerevisterol (12), 6-epi-cerevisterol (13), and linoleic acid (14), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Thai wild edible mushroom Astraeus asiaticus. Astraeusols D (4) and E (5) were identified as lanostane triterpenes linked to phenylethylamine through amide linkages for the first time from a natural source. The configuration at C-25 of the original structure of artabotryol C2 (11) was revised from 25R to 25S.