Multiple model visual feature embedding and selection method for an efficient pest classification supporting precision agriculture.

Agriculture 5.0 is a principal economic activity in the world with major workforce dependent crops cultivation. An automated system for crops field insect pest identification can help decrease labour, while also improving the speed and precision in compared to manual methods.

Impact of Multi-Bias on the Performance of 150 nm GaN HEMT for High-Frequency Applications.

This study examines the performance of a GaN HEMT with a 150 nm gate length, fabricated on silicon carbide, across various operational modes, including direct current (DC), radio frequency (RF), and small-signal parameters. The evaluation of DC, RF, and small-signal performance under diverse bias conditions remains a relatively unexplored area of study for this specific technology. The DC characteristics revealed relatively little I at zero gate and drain voltages, and the current grew as V increased.

Bioaccumulation of elements in the edible part of vegetables from the agricultural soil: Source apportionment and potential risks.

Heavy metal (HM) pollution analysis is critical for understanding environmental contamination pathways, safeguarding food safety, and protecting human health. This study evaluates HM contamination in soils and vegetables from Raozan and Rangunia upazilas, Chattogram, Bangladesh, to identify contamination sources, assess ecological risks, and evaluate potential human health impacts. Seventeen elements (Na, Al, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, La, Sm, Th, U) were analyzed using neutron activation analysis.

High performance grid structured MIMO antenna with regression machine learning for high-speed sub THz and THz 6G IoT applications.

This study introduces an innovative approach that leverages machine learning techniques to optimize antenna gain for next-generation wireless communication and Internet of Things (IoT) systems operating in the Terahertz (THz) frequency spectrum. Designed on a 160 × 160 μm² polyimide substrate, the antenna is analyzed using CST-2018 simulations and RLC circuit modeling. The proposed antenna demonstrates outstanding performance by achieving high peak gains of 11.

Gender-specific insights into TTN mutation: potential biomarker for female risk in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but its early detection remains hindered by a lack of genetic markers. Our study aims to find prospective biomarkers that could serve as prognostic indicators and help in the identification of efficient drug candidates for KIRC treatment. Importantly, this study identifies the hub genes that play a crucial role in KIRC and their impact on male and female patients.

Multiscale analysis of RbNaInI: from electronic structure to device performance for next-generation perovskite solar cells.

The harmful effects and long-term unpredictability of conventional compounds made from lead have driven a more intense quest for practical, stable, and ecologically acceptable lead-free perovskite components. Among the exciting prospects, the pair of perovskites RbNaInI stands out for its special structural, electrical, and optical properties, therefore offering a possible subsequent-generation light-absorbing substance for photovoltaic energy and optoelectronic use. We study RbNaInI holistically in this work, utilizing a mixed computational method.

Computational modeling of magnetic hyperthermia for liver tumor treatment on an anatomically realistic phantom.

A comprehensive computational model was developed to simulate magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), incorporating a realistic 3D human liver model with an irregular-shaped tumor. It provides an accurate and clinically relevant framework for effective treatment planning. The entire process of MFH, including nanofluid injection, diffusion, magnetic field generation, heat transfer, and subsequent tissue necrosis, is appropriately modeled and thoroughly analyzed.

Synthesis and Evaluation of DNA Cross-linkers by Click Chemistry-Mediated Heterodimerization of Nor-Tomaymycins.

The covalent cross-linking of DNA duplex strands by small molecule drugs is a validated mechanism in anticancer therapy. The pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) have been established as potent DNA binders that can achieve inter- and intrastrand DNA cross-links when dimerized, and have been used as cytotoxic payloads in multiple antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In this study, we explore the potential of click chemistry to obtain PBD heterodimers.

Multifaceted neuroprotective potential of phytocompounds and extracts from Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms flowers against alzheimer's disease: An in vitro and in silico approach.

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, also known as Pontederia crassipes Mart, has traditionally been used for its sedative, antipsychotic, and memory-enhancing properties. However, its effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unexplored.

Factors affecting self-reported occupational health-related problems: a case study on improved traditional shrimp farmers in Bangladesh.

This study explores the factors affecting self-reported occupational health problems among improved traditional shrimp farmers in Southwestern Bangladesh. Data was collected from 270 farmers in the districts of Khulna, Satkhira, and Bagerhat using a structured questionnaire. According to stepwise and hierarchical logistic regression analyses, health problem reporting was associated with district of residence, education level, training, self-rated health, and occupational health awareness.

CrustChain: Resolving the blockchain trilemma via decentralized storage and proof-of-capacity consensus.

The blockchain trilemma-achieving scalability, security, and decentralization simultaneously-remains an unsolved challenge in distributed systems. This paper introduces CrustChain, a novel framework that advances decentralized storage and consensus via three key innovations: (1) a reputation-weighted (where node influence scales with storage contribution and historical reliability) Proof-of-Capacity mechanism with temporal Sealed-Post (SPoSt) challenges, (2) hybrid erasure-network coding for 82% storage cost reduction, and (3) MDP-optimized sharding for sub-second cross-shard latency. By combining storage resource guarantees with a sharded validation layer, CrustChain processes 1,450 transactions per second (TPS) at sub-second latency while maintaining a chain quality score (fraction of blocks produced by honest nodes) of 0.

Integrating pollution indices and Monte Carlo simulation for a comprehensive risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil pose significant ecological and human health risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulative nature. This study investigates PTE contamination in soils collected from ten representative contaminated sites across Japan, including industrial zones, construction sites, and shooting ranges. While previous research has focused on specific PTEs such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), comprehensive multi-element risk assessments across diverse contamination scenarios remain limited.

Precision oncology informatics for anticancer drug combination responses: A systematic review.

Drug combination therapy against cancer has been a promising approach in precision oncology. In recent literature, most anticancer drug combinations (ADC) are estimated and derived from their independent drug response efficacy. Synergistic drug combination response is the most effective drug therapy for various cancer treatments.

Violence and non-fatal injuries among Thai adolescents: National prevalence, and sex-stratified risk and protective factors.

Objectives: We conducted a sex-stratified analysis to assess the prevalence and predictors of violence and non-fatal injury among adolescents attending school in Thailand.

Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the Thailand Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), a nationally representative survey conducted in 2021 with a sample size of 5661 students aged 13-17 years. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the protective factors and risk factors that influence non-fatal injury and violence.

Radiometric study and associated radiological hazards in soil near the Bheramara 410 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant, Kushtia, Bangladesh.

This pioneering study assesses the radiological risk of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil around the Bheramara 410 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant (natural gas and high-speed diesel) in Kushtia, Bangladesh. Thirty soil samples were collected at radial distances of 50 m, 500 m, 1000 m, and 3000 m from the plant, these distances were strategically selected to represent immediate proximity (50 m), near-field (500 m), mid-range (1000 m), and far-field (3000 m) zones, enabling a gradient analysis of potential radiological impact. Using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry, the activity concentrations of Ra, Th, and K were found to range from 20 ± 2 to 28 ± 3 Bq/kg, 25 ± 2 to 41 ± 4 Bq/kg, and 310 ± 21 to 440 ± 34 Bq/kg, respectively.

First-principles study of MAlC (M = Ti, Zr) MAX phases under hydrostatic pressure: material design for industrial applications.

MAX phase compounds, combining metallic and ceramic properties, are ideal for high-pressure environments due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion and oxidation resistance, and damage tolerance. This study investigates the structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of MAlC (M = Ti, Zr) under hydrostatic pressure. Negative formation energies and positive phonon dispersion confirm thermodynamic and dynamic stability, while mechanical stability aligns with Born's criteria.

Exploring Optoelectronic Behavior and Solar Cell Efficiency of Double Halide Perovskites MKIrCl (M = Cs, Rb) through DFT and SCAPS-1D.

Due to environmental concerns with lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), attention has shifted toward safer alternatives like MKIrCl (M = Cs, Rb). This study extensively investigates the structural, electronic, and optical properties of MKIrCl using density functional theory (DFT). The analysis evaluates the suitability of these compounds as absorber materials in solar cells, emphasizing their environmental friendliness, stability, and efficiency for light-harvesting applications.

Predicting disinfection by-products (DBPs) in supply water within a real water distribution network using an artificial neural network.

This study develops an artificial neural network (ANN) model using advanced learning algorithm techniques to predict disinfection by-products (DBPs) in supply water. The model is based on real-scale data from the Chattogram water distribution network (WDN), a coastal city in Bangladesh. The research revealed a significant presence of free halide components in both the source and distributed water, indicating the potential formation of bromo- and iodo-DBPs.

Oxidative Stress in DNA Damage and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unveiling The Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Oxidative stress is marked by disproportionate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses and is a key factor in initiating DNA damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can lead to oxidative DNA lesions, disrupting cellular function and contributing to genomic instability. Oxidative stress is linked to neuronal degeneration, particularly in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), where DNA damage accelerates the progression of these disorders.

In silico exploration of anticancer plant phytochemicals for EGFR-targeted lung cancer therapy.

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), particularly in the tyrosine kinase domain such as exon 19 deletions and the L858R point mutation, play a critical role in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR is a well-established therapeutic target in the management of NSCLC. In this study, we targeted the mutated EGFR kinase domain (L858R) using its crystal structure (PDB ID: 2EB3) to design EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Network Pharmacology Approaches to Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion Injury: Exploring Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Novel Therapies.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While timely reperfusion therapies such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolysis are essential for salvaging ischemic myocardium, they can paradoxically exacerbate tissue injury through a process known as myocardial infarction reperfusion injury (MIRI). MIRI can contribute to up to 50% of the final infarct size, significantly diminishing the benefits of revascularization and leading to worsened cardiac outcomes.

Livelihood disruption and psychological distress following the 2024 flash flood in Bangladesh.

The 2024 flash flood in Feni District, Bangladesh, caused substantial disruptions to livelihoods and posed serious mental health challenges for the affected population. This study aimed to assess the impact of the flood on both livelihood and psychological well-being using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 855 adult residents across three severely affected upazilas-Sonagazi, Chhagalnaiya, and Fulgazi.

Overdose Toxicological Effect of Methanol Extract of Popular Edible Linn. Flowers: Biochemical, Hematological, and Behavioral Study on Swiss Albino Mice.

Linn., an annual herbaceous plant from the Araceae family, has long been utilized in traditional medicine throughout tropical and subtropical regions for the treatment of diverse health conditions. This research explored the impact of the methanolic extract derived from flowers (CEF-ME) on mice, examining various physiological, biochemical, hematological, and behavioral responses.

Monitoring and Health Risks Assessment of Primordial Radionuclides in Vegetables and Agricultural Soils in Some Hilly Regions of Southeastern Bangladesh.

This study demonstrates the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs: Ra, Th, and K) in vegetables and their corresponding agricultural soil samples collected from southeastern Bangladesh (Chittagong). Elemental abundances measured by neutron activation analysis have been converted into associated radioactivities. Mean specific radioactivities of Ra, Th, and K in soil were 43.