Effectiveness and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/ml in High-Risk Subgroups (Renal Impairment and Older Age ≥ 70 years) of Insulin-Naïve People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post hoc Analysis of Real-World ATOS Study.

Introduction: This post hoc analysis of an A Toujeo Observational Study (ATOS) aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) in high-risk subgroups of insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) from multiple geographical regions (Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe).

Methods: In these post hoc analyses of ATOS, a real-world, 12-month, prospective study included 4422 insulin-naïve adults (age ≥ 18 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled (HbA > 7% and ≤ 11%) on one or more oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) who initiated Gla-300 treatment as per routine practice. Primary and secondary endpoints were studied according to renal impairment (RI) status (without or with) and age group ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Advances, challenges, and future directions in trauma-related Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data efforts.

Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data advances are becoming more common and more important across research fields given the large amount of research data in need of synthesis and application. Many novel methods improve the efficiency and accuracy of data reuse, combination, and synthesis, which is necessary given that there are over 500 published randomized controlled trials of posttraumatic stress disorder treatments in adults; however, these methods are still relatively new to the field of traumatic stress research. We provide a brief overview of relevant FAIR data efforts from other fields and within trauma health care and research; share examples of trauma-related FAIR data efforts to demonstrate recent advances and challenges; and suggest potential next steps to continue making trauma data more FAIR.

Performance of generative AI across ENT tasks: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, educational utility, and communication potential of generative AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, in otolaryngology.

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore identified English-language peer-reviewed studies from January 2022 to March 2025.

Review Methods: Eligible studies evaluated text-based generative AI models used in otolaryngology.

Systematic meta-review: diagnostic accuracy of colon capsule endoscopy for colonic neoplasia with umbrella meta-analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising globally, intensifying pressure on endoscopy services. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) offers a non-invasive alternative. Despite several systematic reviews showing reasonable polyp detection rates, clinical scepticism remains.

War-related urological trauma in Israel: a retrospective national registry analysis.

Background: Urological trauma significantly affects patient morbidity, functional outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization. This study evaluated war-related genitourinary (GU) injuries that occurred during the Israeli-Gaza War, with a focus on injury patterns, management, and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing the Israeli National Trauma Registry, which is managed by the Gertner Institute for Health Policy and Epidemiology.

Early detection of a circulating pre-vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (pre-VDPV1) variant linked to an acute flaccid polio case prior to VDPV1 emergence, Israel, 2024 to 2025.

We report the emergence and evolution of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) outbreak in Israel, linked to a vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis case. Whole genome sequencing revealed a strong genetic link between the Sabin-like poliovirus type 1 variant from the case and pre-VDPV1 and VDPV1 isolated from environmental samples collected in October 2024-April 2025, mostly in Jerusalem. Early detection was made possible by Israel's robust environmental surveillance and advanced sequencing technologies, enabling a rapid public health response.

The Clinical Significance of Atrial Fibrillation in Non-High-Risk Brugada Syndrome: The BruFib Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in up to 20% of patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS), yet its risk factors and prognostic implications remain uncertain.

Objectives: This study sought to identify risk factors for AF in patients with non-high-risk BrS and to evaluate the impact of AF on ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), sick sinus syndrome (SSS), and stroke in non-high-risk BrS.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted across 20 international centers.

Effects of Mavacamten on Cardiac Biomarkers in Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the ODYSSEY-HCM Trial.

Background: No therapy is approved for patients with symptomatic nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM). The ODYSSEY-HCM (A Study of Mavacamten in Non-Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [ODYSSEY-HCM]; NCT05582395) trial, the largest to date in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), evaluating the efficacy of mavacamten in symptomatic adults with nHCM, did not demonstrate improvements in its primary endpoints (functional capacity and patient-reported health status).

Objectives: The current exploratory analysis from the ODYSSEY-HCM trial reports the associations between: 1) baseline biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I [cTnI]) with clinical, exercise, and echocardiographic characteristics; and 2) comparing changes in these biomarkers from baseline to week 48 between mavacamten and placebo groups.

Outcomes of Preterm Infants Born at 22 to 23 Weeks' Gestation in 11 International Neonatal Networks.

Importance: Postnatal intensive care for preterm infants born at 22 to 23 weeks' gestation is increasing, although survival rates remain low. Information on outcomes for multiple countries or regions can be important for research, benchmarking, quality improvement, and parental counseling.

Objective: To evaluate survival and major morbidities and their between-network variations in infants born at 22 to 23 weeks' gestation in 11 neonatal networks participating in the International Network for Evaluation of Outcomes (iNeo) in neonates in 12 countries or regions.

Clinical significance and correlation of microRNA-21 expression in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an increasingly common procedure for treating severe aortic stenosis. While cardiac biomarker elevation post-TAVR is common, its correlation with outcomes remains controversial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases.

Short-Term Prediction Model for Breast Cancer Risk Based on One Million Medical Records.

Background: Despite progress in breast cancer screening many women are diagnosed with advanced stage. We sought to develop a short-term (one year) prediction model for breast cancer risk, based on readily available data from electronic medical records (EMRs), to support decision-making.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using data of 1,039,212 members of a large healthcare organization between the years 1985 and 2021.

Pregnancy outcomes following hysteroscopic resection of uterine septum: does the size matter? a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The benefits of surgical treatment of uterine septum malformation have recently been questioned. The aim of our study is to compare pregnancy outcomes following hysteroscopic resection of minor versus major septum.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary university-affiliated medical center.

Enhancing frozen histological section images using permanent-section-guided deep learning with nuclei attention.

In histological pathology, frozen sections are often used for rapid diagnosis during surgeries, as they can be produced within minutes. However, they suffer from artifacts and often lack crucial diagnostic details, particularly within the cell nuclei region. Permanent sections, on the other hand, contain more diagnostic detail but require a time-intensive preparation process.

Surgeon, Trainee, or GPT? A Blinded Multicentric Study of AI-Augmented Operative Notes.

Objectives: Clear, complete operative documentation is essential for surgical safety, continuity of care, and medico-legal standards. Large language models such as ChatGPT offer promise for automating clinical documentation; however, their performance in operative note generation, particularly in surgical subspecialties, remains underexplored. This study aimed to compare the quality, accuracy, and efficiency of operative notes authored by a surgical resident, attending surgeon, GPT alone, and an attending surgeon using GPT as a writing aid.

Bidirectional association between vitiligo and melasma: A large-scale population-based study.

Background The dual diagnosis of vitiligo and melasma and their association has hardly been studied. Objective To test our hypothesis of an independent bidirectional association between vitiligo and melasma. Methods A population-based study was conducted on 24,436 patients with vitiligo and 119,205 matched comparators.

Comparative real-world outcomes of CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapies in large B-cell lymphoma.

Although 3 commercial CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies are available for large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), no randomized clinical trials have compared their efficacy and safety. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we evaluated real-world clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), or lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). Between April 2016 and July 2024, 624 patients received CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies (344 axi-cel, 142 tisa-cel, and 138 liso-cel).

Safety of having a subsequent pregnancy after prior diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy in young BRCA carriers.

Background: For women carrying a germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in the BRCA1/2 genes, having a pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is safe. However, no evidence exists on the safety of having a subsequent pregnancy in BRCA carriers with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC).

Methods: The BRCA BCY Collaboration (NCT03673306) is an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study that included BRCA carriers diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at the age ≤40 years between January 2000 and December 2020.

Graft-versus-host disease is not associated with reduced incidence of relapse following haploidentical stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A study on behalf of the Acute Leukaemia Working Party of European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

The graft-versus-leukaemia effect (GVL) is closely associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, there are no data on this association following haploidentical SCT (haploSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). We assessed the impact of acute and chronic GVHD on haploSCT outcomes in 516 adult ALL patients.

Leadless Pacemaker Implantation During Extraction in Patients with Active Infection: A Comprehensive Analysis of Safety, Patient Benefits and Costs.

Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections necessitate extraction and subsequent pacing interventions. Conventional methods after removing the infected CIED system involve temporary or semi-permanent pacing followed by delayed permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Leadless pacemakers (LPs) may offer an alternative, allowing immediate PPM implantation without increasing infection risks.

Structural Posterior Fossa Malformations: MR Imaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcome.

: The increasing use of fetal MRI has increased the diagnosis of posterior fossa malformations, yet the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of affected fetuses remain unclear. This study aims to examine the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of fetuses with structural posterior fossa malformation diagnosed on fetal MRI. : A historical cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary referral center, including fetuses diagnosed with structural posterior fossa malformations and apparently healthy fetuses who underwent fetal brain MRI between 2011 and 2019.

Predictive machine-learning model for screening iron deficiency without anaemia: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning (ML) model to predict iron deficiency without anaemia (IDWA) using routinely collected electronic health record (EHR) data. The primary hypothesis was that an ML model could achieve better accuracy in identifying low ferritin levels (<30 ng/mL) in non-anaemic patients compared with traditional methods.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

A Novel, Non-Invasive AI-Based Telemonitoring System for Heart Failure: Detection of Undiagnosed Hyperthyroidism in an Asymptomatic Patient.

Background: Untreated thyroid disorders may precipitate heart failure (HF) decompensation. Assessment of cardiac filling pressures may aid in the early detection and prevention of clinical decompensation. Therapy guided by monitoring of cardiac filling pressures has been shown to improve quality of life and survival and reduce hospitalizations of individuals with HF.

Hemispherotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in bilateral Sturge-Weber syndrome: illustrative cases.

Background: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by angiomas of the face, choroid, and leptomeninges. Seizures in these children often present within the first 2 years of life. SWS is typically unilateral, but bilateral SWS occurs in approximately 15% of cases.