Advances, challenges, and future directions in trauma-related Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data efforts.

Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data advances are becoming more common and more important across research fields given the large amount of research data in need of synthesis and application. Many novel methods improve the efficiency and accuracy of data reuse, combination, and synthesis, which is necessary given that there are over 500 published randomized controlled trials of posttraumatic stress disorder treatments in adults; however, these methods are still relatively new to the field of traumatic stress research. We provide a brief overview of relevant FAIR data efforts from other fields and within trauma health care and research; share examples of trauma-related FAIR data efforts to demonstrate recent advances and challenges; and suggest potential next steps to continue making trauma data more FAIR.

Mature and migratory dendritic cells promote immune infiltration and response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in metastatic melanoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, yet most patients fail to achieve durable responses. To better understand the tumor microenvironment (TME), we analyze single-cell RNA-seq (~189 K cells) from 36 metastatic melanoma samples, defining 14 cell types, 55 subtypes, and 15 transcriptional hallmarks of malignant cells. Correlations between cell subtype proportions reveal six distinct clusters, with a mature dendritic cell subtype enriched in immunoregulatory molecules (mregDC) linked to naive T and B cells.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Ethnic Identity in Asian Americans: Associations with Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Binge Drinking.

Asian Americans experience high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) but are significantly underrepresented in ACEs research. Despite evidence indicating that ACEs contribute to increased psychological distress and substance use among minoritized emerging adults and that a strong sense of ethnic identity can mitigate these impacts, no study has exclusively examined these relationships among Asian Americans. This study investigated how (1) ACEs relate to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and binge drinking; and explored (2) the strength of ethnic identity as a moderator in this sample.

Self-reported strengths and talents of autistic adults.

Many adults express dissatisfaction with the autism diagnostic process, and concerns have been cited regarding the lack of neurodiversity-affirming assessment methods. In part, this is due to instruments framing behaviors as symptoms causing impairment, overlooking potential benefits. Systematically measuring strengths and talents during assessment may inform diagnosis and support planning in a more neurodiversity-affirming manner.

Early Insights Into the Healthy Laryngeal Microbiome: A Pilot Study Evaluating Salivary and Oropharyngeal Sampling as Proxies.

Objectives: The microbiome plays a critical role in health and disease. While the oral cavity microbiome is well-characterized, the healthy laryngeal microbiome remains underexplored despite its unique immunological role. Laryngeal sampling is more invasive, time-consuming, and costly than salivary and oropharyngeal sampling.

Associations Between the SRS-2 and the ASEBA Adult Self Report: Implications for Interpretation of the SRS-2 in Autistic Adults.

Purpose: The Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition (SRS-2) is widely used to characterize autistic features and screen for autism in clinical and research settings. Previous research indicates that scores on the parent-report SRS-2 School-age form are associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in both autistic and non-autistic children, yet less is known about the self-report SRS-2-Adult (SRS-2-A). Considering the widespread use of the SRS-2-A for a variety of different research and clinical purposes, examining how non-autism-specific factors affect SRS-2-A scores is warranted.

Early Life Violent Victimisation and Dental Care Use From Adolescence Through Adulthood.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between early-life violent victimisation and dental care utilisation patterns from adolescence to middle adulthood (ages 11-43).

Methods: Data were from Waves I through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was used to examine patterns of dental care use across five waves, spanning ages 11-43.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome in a Female Adult: A Rare Case of Progressive Hemiparesis, Epilepsy, and Cerebral Hemiatrophy.

Consideration of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) in patients with epilepsy, hemiparesis, and cognitive impairment should be taken into account. MRI plays a key role in diagnosing this rare disorder by recognizing cerebral hemiatrophy with compensatory skull and sinus hypertrophy. Early recognition can assist with symptom management and improve patient care, the prognosis.

The rheology and interfacial properties of biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates are increasingly recognized as central regulators of numerous cellular processes. The bulk rheology of condensates (e.g.

Helping Opioid Use Disorder and PTSD with Exposure (HOPE): An Open-Label Pilot Study of a Trauma-Focused, Integrated Therapy for OUD/PTSD.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur. However, there are no psychotherapy treatments intentionally designed for this comorbidity, nor designed to be augmented with medications for OUD. In this open-label pilot trial, we tested Helping Opioid Use Disorder and PTSD with Exposure (HOPE), a novel integrated, trauma-focused treatment for individuals ( = 6) with OUD/PTSD who were stabilized on medications for OUD.

Deep Neural Network Hybrid Simulations to Evaluate the Poynting Effect in 3D Ogden Hyperelastic Modeling of Brain White Matter.

Background: Modeling and characterization of brain white matter (BWM) are challenging due to its anisotropic 3D microarchitecture and complex interactions among the constituent phases of axons, myelin, and glia. Shear biomechanics is critical for understanding traumatic brain injury (TBI), as shear forces dominate during such events. Simple shear tests reveal the non-linear Poynting effect (PE), characterized by elongation or contraction normal to the applied shear.

How changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity mediate substance use disorder (SUD) severity during and after treatment for co-occurring PTSD and SUD: Results from Project Harmony.

Background And Aims: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUD). Comorbid PTSD and SUD (PTSD+SUD) is associated with greater severity and impairment and poorer treatment outcomes. Several interventions exist to treat PTSD, SUD and PTSD+SUD; however, research has yet to elucidate the indirect pathways underlying treatment for PTSD+SUD.

Ethnoracial Disparities in Advance Care Planning Among People With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate racial/ethnic variations in advance care planning (ACP) among people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and identify race/ethnicity-specific correlates of ACP.

Methods: The study used data from four waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2012-2018). We included 5,420 observations with dementia, which was estimated using the machine-learning based Gianattasio-Power algorithm.

Effortful self-control as a potential target for physical activity maintenance.

Sustaining physical activity is essential for long-term health benefits, yet most theory-driven interventions often show only short-lived effects. The reliance on effortful self-control may be critical for promoting behavioral maintenance and explaining why autonomous motivation and habit support long-term engagement in physical activity. This investigation was cross-sectional and examined whether effortful self-control is associated with physical activity behavior (Study 1) and whether it mediates the associations between autonomous motivation and habit with physical activity (Study 2).

The Effects of Trace Mineral Source, Diet Type, and Monensin and Tylosin on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in Beef Cattle.

Sixteen Angus crossbred steers were used to determine the impact of trace mineral (TM) source, diet type, and monensin and tylosin supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics. Experiment 1: Steers were adapted to a finishing diet before being assigned dietary treatments. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized with factors: (1) TM source (sulfate; STM or hydroxy; HTM) and (2) with or without monensin and tylosin (MT).

Mental Health Providers' Attitudes, Norms, and Beliefs About Cultural Humility in Service Delivery.

Cultural humility is an important provider-level strategy for improving engagement and retention in mental health care. Yet, little research has used theoretical frameworks to examine beliefs and intentions to practice with cultural humility among mental health providers. The current study aimed to fill this gap by using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to qualitatively explore beliefs, norms, and attitudes regarding cultural humility practice among a sample of 16 professional mental health providers.

Improving the Science of Adolescent Social Media and Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities of Smartphone-Based Mobile Sensing and Digital Phenotyping.

Unlabelled: The impact of social media (SM) use ('screentime') on adolescent mental health has been the focus of increasing concern, despite mixed findings from empirical research. Current methodological approaches rely on self-reported SM use, which has limited accuracy and obscure the dynamic interplay of SM use and mental health. Smartphone-based mobile sensing offers new opportunities to gain insights into adolescents' SM use patterns and behaviors, particularly at an idiographic level.

Development and characterization of reference environmentally relevant micro-nano-plastics for risk assessment studies.

Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Extensive toxicological studies of MNPs have been conducted in recent years. However, because of the difficulties involved in extraction and collection of MNPs from environmental media, most of these studies have employed simplistic, pristine, spherical, micro- or nano-sized commercial MNPs, whose properties, including morphology, surface chemistry, and size, do not adequately approximate those of environmentally relevant MNPs.

Ready and Healthy for Kindergarten: A Collaborative Multilingual Family Involvement Program Created by Teachers, Pediatricians, and Parents.

Ready and Healthy for Kindergarten is a Spanish/English multilingual family involvement program that is grounded in sociocultural and family literacy theories since it focuses on health and literacy development. The program's development reflects a collaborative partnership of teachers, pediatricians, families, and an advisory board of multilingual parents dedicated to preparing preschoolers and their families for kindergarten. Health themes are presented to introduce foundational literacy and social-emotional skills, and the program comprises eight one-hour virtual sessions intended to engage both children and their families through active participation in learning.

Simplicity and complexity of probabilistically defined concepts.

Human concept learning is known to be impaired by conceptual complexity: Simpler concepts are easier to learn, and more complex ones are more difficult. However, the simplicity bias has been studied almost exclusively in the context of deterministic concepts defined over Boolean features and is comparatively unexplored in the more general case of concepts defined over features. This article reports a series of experiments in which subjects were asked to learn probabilistic concepts defined over a novel 2D continuous feature space.

A label-free nanowell-based impedance sensor for ten-minute SARS-CoV-2 detection.

This work explores label-free biosensing as an effective method for biomolecular analysis, ensuring the preservation of native conformation and biological activity. The focus is on a novel electronic biosensing platform utilizing micro-fabricated nanowell-based impedance sensors, offering rapid, point-of-care diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) detection. The nanowell sensor, constructed on a silica substrate through a series of microfabrication processes including deposition, patterning, and etching, features a 5 × 5 well array functionalized with antibodies.

The PteridoPortal: A publicly accessible collection of over three million records of extant and extinct pteridophytes.

Premise: Pteridophytes-vascular land plants that disperse by spores-are a powerful system for studying plant evolution, particularly with respect to the impact of abiotic factors on evolutionary trajectories through deep time. However, our ability to use pteridophytes to investigate such questions-or to capitalize on the ecological and conservation-related applications of the group-has been impaired by the relative isolation of the neo- and paleobotanical research communities and by the absence of large-scale biodiversity data sources.

Methods: Here we present the Pteridophyte Collections Consortium (PCC), an interdisciplinary community uniting neo- and paleobotanists, and the associated PteridoPortal, a publicly accessible online portal that serves over three million pteridophyte records, including herbarium specimens, paleontological museum specimens, and iNaturalist observations.

Chimeric brain models: Unlocking insights into human neural development, aging, diseases, and cell therapies.

Human-rodent chimeric brain models serve as a unique platform for investigating the pathophysiology of human cells within a living brain environment. These models are established by transplanting human tissue- or human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived macroglial, microglial, or neuronal lineage cells, as well as cerebral organoids, into the brains of host animals. This approach has opened new avenues for exploring human brain development, disease mechanisms, and regenerative processes.