Cervical cancer risk and high-risk HPV types distribution in Saudi Arabia: Trends from a national laboratory-based study.

Objectives: To examine the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, regional trends, and cytological abnormalities in Saudi Arabia. The findings aim to inform effective cervical cancer prevention strategies. High-risk HPV infections is the leading cause of cervical cancer.

Next-Generation Oral Delivery Systems: Phytosomal Hinokitiol Tablets via REGEMAT 3D Bioprinter-Based 3D Printing for Enhanced Bioavailability.

The administration of hinokitiol, a natural bioactive compound with promising therapeutic potential, particularly against breast cancer, faces notable challenges related to its poor solubility and low bioavailability, limiting its clinical applications. The present study aimed to advance a previously developed liquid hinokitiol-loaded phytosomal formulation by incorporating it into 3D-printed oral tablets using a REGEMAT 3D Bioprinter, containing either pure drug or drug-loaded phytosomes to enhance the pharmacokinetic performance and therapeutic efficacy of this compound. The tablets were formulated using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based paste and subjected to comprehensive quality control tests, including weight variation, thickness, drug content, friability, and in vitro dissolution.

Age-Associated Proteomic Changes in Human Spermatozoa.

Advancing age in men significantly contributes to declining sperm fertility. Information on age-related proteomic changes in spermatozoa is limited. This study involved normal fertile Arab men in three age groups: young adult (21-30 years; = 6), late adult (31-40 years; = 7), and advanced age (40-51 years; = 5).

Treating Hymenolepiasis with Pumpkin Seeds: Effect on Ileum Histology and Dwarf Tapeworm Morphology.

Background: Hymenolepis nana is a worldwide intestinal tapeworm parasite that mainly infects children due to a lack of awareness and hygiene. Recently, Praziquantel (PZQ), the drug of choice for treating hymenolepiasis, has shown serious side effects. This study aimed to evaluate histological changes in the ileum of the small intestine caused by hymenolepiasis in an experimental animal model and to assess the efficacy of pumpkin seeds extract (PSE) in eliminating the parasite at different periods compared to medicinal treatment with PZQ drug.

Evaluating strategic blood donor recruitment initiatives: Insights from King Fahd armed forces hospital experience.

Background & Aims: Ensuring a safe and sufficient blood supply requires effective recruitment strategies, particularly in post-pandemic contexts. This study examines the transition at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH) from a predominantly patient-related donor base to a focus on volunteer-based mobile and app-facilitated donations. It evaluates key factors influencing this shift and explores the potential for applying this model nationally.

Conserved patterns of transcriptional dysregulation, heterogeneity, and cell states in clear cell kidney cancer.

Clear cell kidney cancers are characterized both by conserved oncogenic driver events and by marked intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which help drive tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. How these are reflected in transcriptional programs within the cancer and stromal cell components remains an important question with the potential to drive novel therapeutic approaches to treating cancer. To better understand these programs, we perform single-cell transcriptomics on 75 multi-regional biopsies from kidney tumors and normal kidney.

Prior infection protects against induced hepatic fibrosis.

Background: Schistosomiasis affects approximately 250 million people worldwide, with 200,000 deaths annually. It has been documented that the granulomatous response to () oviposition is the root cause of progressive liver fibrosis in chronic infection, in 20% of the patients, and can lead to liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. The influence of helminths coinfection on schistosomiasis-induced liver pathological alterations remains poorly understood.

Utilization of nanotechnology and experimental design in the development and optimization of a posaconazole‒calendula oil nanoemulgel for the treatment of mouth disorders.

Essential oil‒based nanoemulsions (NEs) are the subjects of extensive investigation due to their potential to address a variety of oral health issues. NEs are delivery systems that improve lipid medicine solubility and distribution to intended sites. The goal of the current study was to create and enhance a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery paradigm based on calendula oil (CO) and decorated with chitosan (CS) that could deliver posaconazole (PSZ) for the treatment of gingivitis.

Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Biopolymer-Based Aerogels as Smart Platforms for Targeted Drug Delivery.

Cancer stands as a leading cause of global mortality, with chemotherapy being a pivotal treatment approach, either alone or in conjunction with other therapies. The primary goal of these therapies is to inhibit the growth of cancer cells specifically, while minimizing harm to healthy dividing cells. Conventional treatments, often causing patient discomfort due to side effects, have led researchers to explore innovative, targeted cancer cell therapies.

Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Produced via Green Synthesis Method Using Aqueous Extract.

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Green synthesis of AgNPs has been progressively gaining acceptance due to its cost-effectiveness and energy-efficient nature.

Objective: In the current study, aqueous extract of () was used to synthesize the AgNPs using green synthesis techniques followed by checking the effectiveness and various biological activities of these AgNPs.

Familial Screening for the Prevention of Rare Diseases: A Focus on Lipodystrophy in Southern Saudi Arabia.

Background: Lipodystrophy is a relatively rare, complex disease characterised by a deficiency of adipose tissue and can present as either generalised lipodystrophy (GLD) or partial lipodystrophy (PLD). The prevalence of this disease varies by region. This study aimed to identify the genetic variations associated with lipodystrophy in the southern part of Saudi Arabia.

Flexural strength, flexural modulus and microhardness of milled vs. fused deposition modeling printed Zirconia; effect of conventional vs. speed sintering.

Background: Various methods can be used for creating zirconia dental restorations, including 3-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing method for zirconia presents numerous advantages, albeit research on the mechanical properties of these materials and resultant restorations remains scarce. Such developments are undeniably intriguing and warrant further investigation.

Biochemical and thermodynamic properties of de novo synthesized urease from Vicia sativa seeds with enhanced industrial applications.

Urease is one of the most significant enzymes in the industry. The objective of this research was to isolate and partially purify urease from Vicia sativa seeds with urease characterization. With a 6.

Bioadsorbent nanocellulose aerogel efficiency impregnated with spent coffee grounds.

Due to growing environmental concerns for better waste management, this study proposes developing a composite aerogel using cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) through an eco-friendly method for efficient methylene blue (MB) adsorption. Adding SCG to the CNF aerogel altered the physical properties: it increases the volume (4.14 cm to 5.

Fabrication of a three-dimensional bone marrow niche-like acute myeloid Leukemia disease model by an automated and controlled process using a robotic multicellular bioprinting system.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that remains a therapeutic challenge due to the high incidence of disease relapse. To better understand resistance mechanisms and identify novel therapies, robust preclinical models mimicking the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are needed. This study aimed to achieve an automated fabrication process of a three-dimensional (3D) AML disease model that recapitulates the 3D spatial structure of the BM microenvironment and applies to drug screening and investigational studies.

Fabrication and optimization of phospholipids-based phase separation gel loaded with BMP-2 nanosized emulsion for bone defect.

The health, development, and/or survival of a newborn can be impacted by congenital abnormalities such as cleft lip (CLP) and palate, one of alveolar bone defects that emerge thru pregnancy. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to use phospholipids-based phase separation gel (PPSG) in combination with bone morphogenetic protein-2 nanoemulsion (BMP-2-NE) to aid repairing alveolar bone defects. To investigate how formulation parameters, such as the concentrations of BMP-2 aqueous solution, LauroglycolTM FCC, and Labrafac PG oil, affect NE qualities including droplet size and stability index, an l-optimal co-ordinate exchange statistical design was opted.

Development and Optimization of a Novel Lozenge Containing a Metronidazole-Peppermint Oil-Tranexamic Acid Self-Nanoemulsified Delivery System to Be Used after Dental Extraction: In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Appraisal.

In-depth studies on essential oil-based nanoemulsions (NEs) have centered on a variety of oral health issues. NEs improve the delivery of nonpolar active agents to sites and thereby boost the dissolution and distribution of the agents. Metronidazole-peppermint oil-tranexamic acid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (MZ-PO-TX-SNEDDS) were created and loaded into novel lozenges to act as antifungal, hemostatic, antimicrobial, and analgesic dosage forms after dental extractions.

Telmisartan metformin in downregulating myostatin gene expression and enhancing insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetic rat model.

Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that specifically blocks angiotensin II type-1 receptors (AT1R). Telmisartan has been proven to have antidiabetic effects via a variety of mechanisms, and it can be utilized in some diabetic patients due to its dual benefit for hypertensive patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and when the other oral antidiabetic medications are intolerable or contraindicated. However, its precise underlying hypoglycemic mechanism is still obscure.

The Quality of Blood Donation Services and Its Association with Blood Donors' Trust and Loyalty at Makkah Blood Donation Centers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the quality of blood donation services and its association with blood donors' trust and loyalty at Makkah blood donation centers in Saudi Arabia. A total of 373 healthy blood donors aged ≥18 years who visited blood donation centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between 1st and 28th February 2023 were recruited using a census sampling method. A pre-tested and validated Arabic language questionnaire was employed.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Composite Oral Fast Disintegrating Film: An Innovative Strategy for the Codelivery of Ranitidine HCl and Flurbiprofen.

Here, we evaluate the feasibility of co-loading plain ranitidine hydrochloride (RHCl) and microencapsulated flurbiprofen (FBP) in a Lycoat RS780-based oral fast disintegrating film (ODF). These films were developed by the solvent casting method to minimize the adverse effects of FBP and reduce the dosage form burden on patients. Optimized FBP microparticles (M3) with an average size of 21.

Design and Evaluation of S-Protected Thiolated-Based Itopride Hydrochloride Polymeric Nanocrystals for Functional Dyspepsia: QbD-Driven Optimization, In Situ, In Vitro, and In Vivo Investigation.

Mucoadhesive nanosized crystalline aggregates (NCs) can be delivered by the gastrointestinal, nasal, or pulmonary route to improve retention at particular sites. Itopride hydrochloride (ITH) was selected as a drug candidate due to its absorption from the upper gastrointestinal tract. For drug localization and target-specific actions, mucoadhesive polymers are essential.

Development and evaluation of pH sensitive semi-interpenetrating networks: assessing the impact of itaconic acid and aloe vera on network swelling and cetirizine release.

Hydrogels are crosslinked three-dimensional networks, and their properties can be easily tuned to target the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Cetirizine HCl (CTZ HCl) is an antihistaminic drug, which when given orally can upset the stomach. Moreover, this molecule has shown maximum absorption in the intestine.

Identification of Extremely Rare Pathogenic CNVs by Array CGH in Saudi Children with Developmental Delay, Congenital Malformations, and Intellectual Disability.

Chromosomal imbalance is implicated in developmental delay (DD), congenital malformations (CM), and intellectual disability (ID), and, thus, precise identification of copy number variations (CNVs) is essential. We therefore aimed to investigate the genetic heterogeneity in Saudi children with DD/CM/ID. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) was used to detect disease-associated CNVs in 63 patients.

Acid protease functionalized novel silver nanoparticles (APTs-AgNPs): A new approach towards photocatalytic and biological applications.

Herein, we described for the first time, an efficient biogenic synthesis of APTs-AgNPs using acid protease from Melilotus indicus leaf extract. The acid protease (APTs) has an essential role in the stabilization, reduction, and capping of APTs-AgNPs. The crystalline nature, size, and surface morphology of APTs-AgNPs were examined using different techniques such as XRD, UV, FTIR, SEM, EDS, HRTEM, and DLS analysis.